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EP-4122231-B1 - AUTOMATED CALIBRATION OF EMI FINGERPRINT SCANNING INSTRUMENTATION FOR UTILITY POWER SYSTEM COUNTERFEIT DETECTION

EP4122231B1EP 4122231 B1EP4122231 B1EP 4122231B1EP-4122231-B1

Inventors

  • WETHERBEE, Edward, R.
  • LEWIS, ANDREW
  • DAYRINGER, Michael
  • WANG, Guang, C.
  • GROSS, KENNY, C.

Dates

Publication Date
20260506
Application Date
20210128

Claims (15)

  1. A method for detecting a calibration state of an Electromagnetic Interference, EMI, fingerprint scanning device, the method performed by the EMI fingerprint scanning device comprising: collecting (710) electromagnetic signals with the EMI fingerprint scanning device for a test period of time at a geographic location; identifying (715) one or more peak frequency bands in the collected electromagnetic signals; comparing (720) the one or more peak frequency bands to assigned radio station frequencies at the geographic location to determine if a match is found; and generating (725) a calibration state signal based at least in part on the comparing to indicate whether the EMI fingerprint scanning device is calibrated or not calibrated.
  2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is calibrated, permitting initiation of an EMI fingerprint scan of a target device using the EMI fingerprint scanning device; and in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is not calibrated, preventing initiation of the EMI fingerprint scan of the target device using the EMI fingerprint scanning device.
  3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: performing an EMI fingerprint scan of a target utility device to generate an EMI fingerprint for the target utility device; generating a calibration proof for the EMI fingerprint scan from the collected electromagnetic frequencies, the assigned radio station frequencies, and the calibration state signal; and including the calibration proof with the EMI fingerprint.
  4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is not calibrated, initiating a re-calibration process to cause calibration of the EMI fingerprint scanning device to be corrected, wherein the re-calibration process comprises: identifying an error based at least on differences between one or more of the assigned radio station frequencies and one or more of the one or more peak frequency bands in the collected electromagnetic signals; deriving a corrective coefficient from at least the error; and applying the corrective coefficient to a radio receiver to cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to be re-calibrated.
  5. The method of claim 1, wherein the comparison of the one or more peak frequency bands further comprises: requesting radio station frequency information for radio stations near the geographic location from a frequency data service; parsing a response from the frequency data service to determine a list of local radio station frequencies; and determining if any of the one or more peak frequency bands is included in the list, wherein a no-match signal is generated when no peak frequency band is included in the list, and a match signal is generated when a peak frequency band is included in the list.
  6. The method of claim 1, wherein the comparison of the one or more peak frequency bands further comprises, for at least one peak frequency band of the one or more peak frequency bands: requesting radio station identification information for radio stations near the geographic location that broadcast at the at least one peak frequency band from a frequency data service; and parsing a response from the frequency data service to determine if the at least one peak frequency band is assigned to a radio station, wherein a no-match signal is generated when the response does not include a radio station identification for the at least one peak frequency band, and a match signal is generated when the response includes a radio station identification for the at least one peak frequency band.
  7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is calibrated, presenting a visual calibration verification on a graphical user interface of the scanning device, and in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is not calibrated, presenting a visual calibration warning on the graphical user interface of the scanning device.
  8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions for detecting a calibration state of an Electromagnetic Interference, EMI, fingerprint scanning device that, when executed by at least a processor of the EMI fingerprint scanning device, cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to: collect (710) electromagnetic signals with the EMI fingerprint scanning device for a test period of time at a geographic location; identify (715) one or more peak frequency bands in the collected electromagnetic signals; compare (720) the one or more peak frequency bands to assigned radio station frequencies at the geographic location to determine if a match is found; and generate (725) a calibration state signal based at least in part on the comparing to indicate whether the EMI fingerprint scanning device is calibrated or not calibrated.
  9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions further cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to initiate an EMI fingerprint scan of a target device using the EMI fingerprint scanning device in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is calibrated.
  10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is not calibrated the instructions further cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to: identify an error based at least on differences between one or more of the assigned radio station frequencies and one or more of the one or more peak frequency bands in the collected electromagnetic signals; derive a corrective coefficient from at least the error; and apply the corrective coefficient to a radio receiver to cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to be re-calibrated.
  11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions for the comparison of the one or more peak frequency bands further cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to: request information for radio stations near the geographic location from a frequency data service; and use at least a portion of information returned by the frequency data service to determine whether to generate a match signal or a no-match signal.
  12. An Electromagnetic Interference, EMI, fingerprint scanning device (100), comprising: a processor (105); a memory (110) operably connected to the processor; a radio receiver (140) operably connected to the processor and memory; a non-transitory computer-readable medium (150) storing computer-executable instructions for detecting a calibration state of an Electromagnetic Interference, EMI, fingerprint scanning device that, when executed by at least the processor, cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to: collect electromagnetic signals with the EMI fingerprint scanning device for a test period of time at a geographic location; identify one or more peak frequency bands in the collected electromagnetic signals; compare the one or more peak frequency bands to assigned radio station frequencies at the geographic location to determine if a match is found; and generate a calibration state signal based at least in part on the comparing to indicate whether the EMI fingerprint scanning device is calibrated or not calibrated.
  13. The EMI fingerprint scanning device of claim 12, wherein the instructions further cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to: in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is calibrated, present a visual calibration verification on a graphical user interface of the scanning device, and permit initiation of an EMI fingerprint scan of a target device using the EMI fingerprint scanning device, and in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is not calibrated, present a visual calibration warning on the graphical user interface of the scanning device, prevent initiation of the EMI fingerprint scan of the target device using the EMI fingerprint scanning device, and initiate a re-calibration process to cause calibration of the EMI fingerprint scanning device to be corrected.
  14. The EMI fingerprint scanning device of claim 12, wherein in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is not calibrated the instructions further cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to: identify an error based at least on differences between one or more of the assigned radio station frequencies and one or more of the one or more peak frequency bands in the collected electromagnetic signals; derive a corrective coefficient from at least the error; and apply the corrective coefficient to the radio receiver to cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to be re-calibrated.
  15. The EMI fingerprint scanning device of claim 12, wherein the instructions for the comparison of the one or more peak frequency bands further cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to: accept latitude and longitude coordinates from a global positioning system, GPS, receiver associated with the EMI fingerprint scanning device as the geographic location; request information for radio stations near the geographic location from a frequency data service; and use at least a portion of information returned by the frequency data service to determine whether to generate a match signal or a no-match signal.

Description

BACKGROUND It has been estimated that counterfeit electronic components in international supply chains cost $220 billion per year across all industries that use electronics (including the information technology, medical, military, gaming, transportation, and utility sectors). Counterfeit systems (or systems that contain counterfeit components) often appear so real that service engineers cannot distinguish them from authentic systems by simple visual inspection. However, the counterfeit systems often contain scrap components from discarded systems, cheaply manufactured components, or older components from recycled vintage systems, which are repackaged to resemble authentic systems. Counterfeit systems or systems containing counterfeit components ("counterfeit systems") are then integrated into the supply chain via brokerage channels. When the counterfeit systems are shipped to customers, they often fail on arrival or within a very short time period causing large warranty losses, shortened mean time between failures, and customer dissatisfaction. In some situations, the counterfeit systems even include "spy chips" or "mod chips" which can grant unauthorized access to or control over the counterfeit system, presenting a significant risk to infrastructure. In the utility sector, the use of counterfeit electronic components is more than a costly nuisance-it is a major safety concern. Failure of utility components can cause life-threatening situations such as blackouts and fires. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation, (NERC, a North American utility regulator) and the United States Federal Energy Reliability Commission (FERC) have issued a supply chain risk management regulation (No. CIP-013-1) to reduce risks to the reliable operation of the bulk electrical system. The regulation requires that by July 2020 all utilities on the North American continent must implement technology to detect counterfeit components for all power system assets used in generating facilities, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) subsystems, and distribution-grid assets. CN 107 181 543 A discloses an indoor location method concerned with the calibration of a relationship between signal strength and distance. SUMMARY The present invention is defined in the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. In one embodiment, a method for detecting a calibration state of an Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) fingerprint scanning device, the method comprising: collecting electromagnetic signals with the EMI fingerprint scanning device for a test period of time at a geographic location; identifying one or more peak frequency bands in the collected electromagnetic signals; comparing the one or more peak frequency bands to assigned radio station frequencies at the geographic location to determine if a match is found; and generating a calibration state signal based at least in part on the comparing to indicate whether the EMI fingerprint scanning device is calibrated or not calibrated. In one embodiment, the method for detecting a calibration state of an EMI fingerprint scanning device, the method further comprising: in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is calibrated, permitting initiation of an EMI fingerprint scan of a target device using the EMI fingerprint scanning device; and in response to the calibration state signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is not calibrated, preventing initiation of the EMI fingerprint scan of the target device using the EMI fingerprint scanning device. In one embodiment, the method for detecting a calibration state of an EMI fingerprint scanning device, the method further comprising: performing an EMI fingerprint scan of a target utility device to generate an EMI fingerprint for the target utility device; generating a calibration proof for the EMI fingerprint scan from the collected electromagnetic frequencies, the assigned radio station frequencies, and the calibration state signal; and including the calibration proof with the EMI fingerprint. In one embodiment, the method for detecting a calibration state of an EMI fingerprint scanning device, the method further comprising, in response to the calibration validation signal indicating the EMI fingerprint scanning device is not calibrated, initiating a re-calibration process to cause calibration of the EMI fingerprint scanning device to be corrected, wherein the re-calibration process comprises: identifying an error based at least on differences between one or more of the one or more of the assigned radio station frequencies and one or more of the peak frequency bands in the collected electromagnetic signals; deriving a corrective coefficient from at least the error; and applying the corrective coefficient to the radio receiver to cause the EMI fingerprint scanning device to be re-calibrated. In one embodiment, the method for detecting a cali