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EP-4187064-B1 - APPARATUS FOR REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION IN VESSEL COOPERATED WITH EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION

EP4187064B1EP 4187064 B1EP4187064 B1EP 4187064B1EP-4187064-B1

Inventors

  • NAM, BYUNG TAK

Dates

Publication Date
20260506
Application Date
20201217

Claims (11)

  1. An apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission in a vessel cooperated with EGR, the apparatus comprising: an exhaust gas receiver (110) that temporarily stores exhaust gas exhausted from each cylinder of a vessel engine (10) and removes pulsation; a cleaning unit (120) that removes and cleans SO X and soot by spraying cleaning water to the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas receiver (110) and cools the exhaust gas by circulating cooling water; a CO 2 absorbing unit (130) that absorbs and removes CO 2 by spraying an absorbent liquid to the exhaust gas having passed through the cleaning unit (120); and a scavenge air receiver (140) that temporarily stores the exhaust gas having passed through the CO 2 absorbing unit (130), removes pulsation, mixes the exhaust gas with scavenge air, and supplies the mixed gas to each cylinder of the vessel engine (10), wherein the CO 2 absorbing unit (130) comprises: an absorbent liquid storage tank (131) that stores the absorbent liquid; one or more spray nozzles that spray the absorbent liquid; one or more passages that converts CO 2 into a certain material through a chemical reaction by contacting CO 2 with the absorbent liquid; an absorbent liquid spray pump (136) that pumps the absorbent liquid to the one or more spray nozzles; and a cooling module (123) that circulates the cooling water to the one or more passages and cools heat generated by a CO 2 absorption reaction, wherein the one or more spray nozzles comprise an upper spray nozzle and a lower spray nozzle that spray the absorbent liquid downward, the one or more passages comprise an upper passage and a lower passage that convert CO 2 into the certain material through a chemical reaction by contacting CO 2 with the absorbent liquid, the absorbent liquid spray pump pumps the absorbent liquid to the upper spray nozzle and the lower spray nozzle, the cooling module cools heat generated by the CO 2 absorption reaction by circulating the cooling water to the upper passage and the lower passage, and the CO 2 absorbing unit further comprises: a mist catcher that is formed in a curved multi-plate shape and removes moisture from the exhaust gas having passed through the lower passage; and an exhaust gas recirculation fan that increases pressure of the exhaust gas, from which the moisture has been removed, and recirculates the exhaust gas to the scavenge air receiver, and wherein the absorbent liquid storage tank (131) stores NH 4 OH(aq) as the absorbent liquid; CO 2 is absorbed and converted into NH 4 HCO 3 (aq) by NH 4 OH(aq) passing through the upper passage (133) and the lower passage (135); and the cooling module (123) is disposed in the form of a cooling jacket or a cooling coil in the upper passage (133) and the lower passage (135) and cools heat generated by the CO 2 absorption reaction to 20°C to 50°C, or the absorbent liquid storage tank (131) stores NaOH(aq) as the absorbent liquid; CO 2 is absorbed and converted into NaHCO 3 or Na 2 CO 3 by NaOH passing through the upper passage (133) and the lower passage (135); and the cooling module (123) cools heat generated by the CO 2 absorption reaction to 80°C to 100°C.
  2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning unit (120) comprises: a cleaning water supply module (121) that receives fresh water, neutralizes and supplies the cleaning water; a cleaning module (122) that cools and cleans the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas receiver (110) by spraying the cleaning water supplied from the cleaning water supply module (121) to the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas receiver (110); a cooling module (123) that cools the exhaust gas through the cooling water; a cleaning water circulation module (124) that circulates the cleaning water having passed through the cleaning module (122); and a water treatment module (125) that performs water treatment on the cleaning water.
  3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the cleaning water supply module (121) comprises: a cleaning water replenishing pump (121b) that receives the fresh water, replenishes the cleaning water, and supplies the cleaning water to the cleaning module (122); and a neutralizing agent supply valve (121c) that supplies a neutralizing agent for controlling pH to the cleaning water supplied from the cleaning water replenishing pump (121b) to the cleaning module (122), the cleaning module (122) comprises one or more cleaning units that remove and clean SO X and soot by spraying the cleaning water, the cooling module (123) comprises one or more cooling units formed below the one or more cleaning units to cool the exhaust gas to a certain temperature according to a type of the absorbent liquid by the circulating cooling water, the cleaning water circulation module (124) comprises: a cleaning water circulation tank (124a) that collects the cleaning water having passed through the cleaning module (122); a pH meter (124b) that measures pH of the cleaning water from the cleaning water circulation tank (124a), controls the neutralizing agent supply valve (121c) to determine an input amount of the neutralizing agent; a buffer tank (124c) that stores an initial amount of cleaning water and replenishes the cleaning water; and a cleaning water circulation pump (124d) that circulates a portion of the cleaning water to the buffer tank (124c) and circulates a portion of the cleaning water to the cleaning module (122), and the water treatment module (125) comprises: a water treatment unit (125a) that performs water treatment on the cleaning water drained from the buffer tank (124c) and returns the treated cleaning water to the buffer tank (124c); a sludge tank (125b) that stores sludge by the water treatment unit (125a); an outboard discharge valve (125c) that discharges the cleaning water satisfying a certain discharge condition by the water treatment unit (125a) to the outside of the vessel; and a cleaning water drain tank (125d) that temporarily stores the cleaning water from the buffer tank (124c).
  4. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a cleaning water cooling unit (124e) that is installed behind the cleaning water circulation pump (124d) and cools the circulating cleaning water.
  5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the upper passage (133) or the lower passage (135) is provided with a plurality of stages and partition walls to form a long passage so as to increase a contact time between the absorbent liquid and the exhaust gas.
  6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein packing materials (133a, 135b), in which distilling column packings designed to have a large contact area per unit volume so as to increase a contact time between the absorbent liquid and the exhaust gas are provided in multi-stages, and a solution redistributor, which is formed between the distilling column packings provided in multi-stages, are formed in the upper passage (133) or the lower passage (135).
  7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a valve (139a) on an outlet side of the exhaust gas recirculation fan (139), wherein, upon operating in a Tier II mode, a reverse flow of the scavenge air to the exhaust gas recirculation fan (139) is prevented through the valve (139a) on the outlet side of the exhaust gas recirculation fan (139), and a blowing pressure of the exhaust gas recirculation fan (139) is adjusted according to pressure of the scavenge air to increase pressure of the exhaust gas from which the moisture has been removed.
  8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a turbo charger (150) comprising: a turbine (151) that is rotated by high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas receiver (110); a compressor (152) that is coupled to a rotation shaft of the turbine (151) and rotated to compress the scavenge air and supply the compressed scavenge air to the scavenge air receiver (140); an air suction filter (153) that is formed on a suction port side of the compressor (152) to filter foreign matter; a scavenge air cooling module (154) that cools the scavenge air supplied from the compressor (152) to the scavenge air receiver (140); a first control valve (155) that controls a flow rate of the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas receiver (110) to the turbine (151); and a second control valve (156) that is formed in front of the first control valve (155) to control a flow rate of the exhaust gas supplied to the cleaning unit (120).
  9. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a third control valve (157) that controls a flow rate of the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas receiver (110) to the cleaning unit (120), wherein, when damage to an exhaust gas use-related device connected to an exhaust gas pipe (A) connected to the turbine (151) is expected due to a high load or high-temperature exhaust gas, opening or closing of the third control valve (157) is controlled so that the flow rate of the exhaust gas to the cleaning unit (120) is increased to decrease a temperature of the exhaust gas.
  10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the scavenge air cooling module (154) comprises: a cooling jacket (154a) of one or more stages that cools the scavenge air by circulating cooling water; and a mist catcher (154b) that is formed in a curved multi-plate shape and removes moisture from the scavenge air having passed through the cooling jacket (154a).
  11. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising an absorbent liquid tank (139b) that separates and stores the absorbent liquid drained from the CO 2 absorbing unit (130), wherein emissions discharged from the CO 2 absorbing unit (130) are stored in the sludge tank (125b) or discharged to the outside of the vessel.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0090479, filed on July 21, 2020, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission in a vessel cooperated with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and a vessel including the same, in which NOX generation is reduced, which is the original purpose of EGR, while maintaining existing EGR, SOX as well as CO2, which is the representative greenhouse gas, are absorbed and converted into materials that do not affect environments, and the materials are discharged or stored as useful materials, thereby preventing corrosion of an engine and improving combustion efficiency. 2. Description of the Related Art Recently, global warming and related environmental disasters have occurred due to the influence of greenhouse gas emission caused by indiscriminate use of fossil fuels. In this regard, a series of technologies related to capture and storage of carbon dioxide, which is the representative greenhouse gas, without carbon dioxide emission are called carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies. In recent years, CCS technologies have attracted much attention. Among CCS technologies, chemical absorption is the most commercialized technology in terms of enabling large-scale treatment. In addition, carbon dioxide emission is regulated through the IMO's EEDI. The IMO is targeting a reduction of 50% or more in emissions by 2050 compared to 2008 and a reduction of 40% in emissions by 2030 compared to 2008. Therefore, technologies that do not emit CO2 or capture emitted CO2 are attracting attention. The above-described technologies for reducing carbon dioxide emission or capturing generated carbon dioxide are not currently commercialized in vessels, and methods of using hydrogen or ammonia as fuel are currently under development and have not reached the level of commercialization. On the other hand, as a method of reducing NOX in exhaust gas exhausted from a vessel engine, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for mixing a portion of exhaust gas with compressed scavenge air and recirculating the mixed gas to the intake system of the vessel engine is applied. Therefore, there is a need to apply a technology capable of reducing NOX generation, which is the original purpose of EGR, while maintaining EGR with respect to a vessel that is operating using conventional fossil fuels or is scheduled to be built, absorbing SOX as well as CO2, which is the representative greenhouse gas, converting SOX and CO2 into materials that do not affect environments, discharging the materials, or storing the materials as useful materials. Patent document EP3098406B1 an air pollution control device for marine diesel engine applications with EGR. Patent document JP2017210963A discloses an EGR system for a diesel engine on a ship. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission in a vessel cooperated with EGR, and a vessel including the same, in which NOX generation is reduced, which is the original purpose of EGR, while maintaining EGR, SOX as well as CO2, which is the representative greenhouse gas, are absorbed and converted into materials that do not affect environments, and the materials are discharged or stored as useful materials, thereby preventing corrosion of an engine and improving combustion efficiency. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission in a vessel cooperated with EGR according to claim 1. In addition, the cleaning unit may include: a cleaning water supply module that receives fresh water, neutralizes and supplies the cleaning water; a cleaning module that cools and cleans the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas receiver by spraying the cleaning water supplied from the cleaning water supply module to the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas receiver; a cooling module that cools the exhaust gas through the cooling water; a cleaning water circulation module that circulates the cleaning water having passed through the cleaning module; and a water treatment module that performs water treatment on the cleaning water. In addition, the cleaning water supply module may include: a cleaning water replenishing pump that receives the fresh water, replenishes the cleaning water, and supplies the cleaning water to the cleaning module; and a neutralizing agent supply valve that supplies a neutralizing agent for controlling pH to the cleaning water supplied from the cleaning water replenishing pump to the cleaning module, the cleaning module may include one or more cleaning units that remove and clean SOX and soot by spraying the cleaning water, the cooling module may include one or more cooling units formed below the one or more cleaning uni