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EP-4254514-B1 - PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL, METHOD FOR PACKAGING SAME, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE INCLUDING SAME

EP4254514B1EP 4254514 B1EP4254514 B1EP 4254514B1EP-4254514-B1

Inventors

  • TU, Bao
  • SUN, JUANJUAN
  • CHEN, Changsong
  • GUO, YONGSHENG
  • CHEN, GUODONG
  • OUYANG, Chuying

Dates

Publication Date
20260513
Application Date
20220126

Claims (15)

  1. A perovskite solar cell, comprising the following components provided successively from bottom to top: a transparent conductive glass substrate (101); a first transport layer (102); a perovskite layer (103); a second transport layer (104); a conductive electrode (105); a back plate glass (106); and an encapsulating adhesive (107); wherein the peripheral edges of the transparent conductive glass substrate (101) and the back plate glass (106) are sealed with the encapsulating adhesive (107), the perovskite layer (103) is encapsulated within an enclosed space (108) formed by the transparent conductive glass substrate (101) the back plate glass (106) and the encapsulating adhesive (107), and the enclosed space (108) contains a mixture of an inert gas and a methylamine gas, wherein a volume ratio of the inert gas to the methylamine gas is 9:1 to 5:5, optionally 9:1 to 6:4, more optionally 8:2 to 7:3.
  2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein an absolute pressure within the enclosed space is 2-6 atmospheres.
  3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an area of the perovskite layer is consistent with an area of the enclosed space, and a ratio of a thickness of the perovskite layer to a height of the enclosed space is 1/5000-1/500, optionally 1/2000-1/750.
  4. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inert gas is selected from at least one of nitrogen and argon.
  5. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the perovskite layer comprises a compound of formula A 1 BX 3 or A 2 CDX 6 , A 1 is selected from at least one of CH 3 NH 3 + (MA + ) or CH(NH 2 ) 2 + (FA + ); A 2 is selected from at least one of Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + ; B is selected from at least one of Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ , Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ge 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , and Ni 2+ , optionally at least one of Pb 2+ or Sn 2+ ; X is selected from at least one of F - , Cl - , Br - , and I - , and may be at least one of Cl - , Br - , and I - ; and C and D are independently selected from an organic or inorganic cation, or an organic-inorganic mixed cation, optionally a transition metal cation, or a mixed cation of a transition metal cation with CH 3 NH 3 + or CH(NH 2 ) 2 + , more optionally at least one of Pb(FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 3+ , CH 3 NH 3 Pb 3+ , Pb 2+ , Sr 2+ , Bi 3+ , and La 3+ .
  6. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the perovskite layer comprises at least one of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , CH(NH 2 ) 2 PbI 3 , Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 , CsPbI 3 , CsPbI 2 Br, or CsPbIBr 2 .
  7. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the encapsulating adhesive (107) is selected from one or more of an epoxy-based encapsulating adhesive, a silicone-based encapsulating adhesive, a polyurethane encapsulating adhesive, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, and a polyolefin-based encapsulating adhesive; optionally the polyolefin-based encapsulating adhesive is selected from one or more of an ethylene octene copolymer and polyisobutylene.
  8. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the encapsulating adhesive (107) is selected from an ultraviolet light curing encapsulating adhesive.
  9. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the transparent conductive glass substrate (101) comprises one or more of fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), and indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO).
  10. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first transport layer (102) is an electron transport layer and the second transport layer (104) is a hole transport layer; or the first transport layer (102) is a hole transport layer and the second transport layer (104) is an electron transport layer; optionally the electron transport layer comprises at least one of the following materials, derivatives thereof, or materials obtained by doping or passivation thereof: [6,6]-phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM), [6,6]-phenyl C 71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM), fullerene C60 (C60), fullerene C70 (C70), tin dioxide (SnO 2 ), and zinc oxide (ZnO).
  11. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 10, wherein the hole transport layer comprises at least one of the following materials, their derivatives, or materials obtained by doping or passivation thereof: poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), triphenylamine with triptycene as a core (H101), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N-(4-aniline)carbazole-spirobifluorene (CzPAF-SBF), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), polythiophene, nickel oxide (NiO x ), molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O).
  12. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the conductive electrode (105) comprises at least one of the following materials: Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), and indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO).
  13. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a thickness of the perovskite layer is 300-1000 nm.
  14. An encapsulation method of a perovskite solar cell, at least comprising the following steps: step 1: providing a perovskite solar cell assembly, which at least comprising a transparent conductive glass substrate (101), a back plate glass (106), and a perovskite layer (103) located therebetween; and step 2: forming an enclosed space (108) between the transparent conductive glass substrate (101) and the back plate glass (106) under the action of an encapsulating adhesive (107), the enclosed space (108) containing a mixture of an inert gas and a methylamine gas with a volume ratio of 9:1 to 5:5, optionally 9: 1 to 6:4, more optionally 8:2 to 7:3.
  15. A photovoltaic assembly comprising the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell, an encapsulation method thereof, and a photovoltaic assembly containing the same. BACKGROUND In recent years, the problems of global energy shortage and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent, and a solar cell has received more attention as an ideal renewable energy source. A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, is a device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy by the photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. The perovskite cell is a new type of solar cell widely studied at present, and has rapidly achieved high photoelectric conversion efficiency within a few years after its birth with the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency exceeding 25%, which has a good application prospect. Due to the instability of the perovskite material itself, it is easy to decompose under the influence of light, heat, water, oxygen, etc. The release of an A-site cation gas further accelerates the disintegration of the perovskite structure, resulting in a further decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and therefore, the stability problem is the biggest obstacle to the industrialization of perovskite cells. Generally, device encapsulation can block the contact of the perovskite material with water and oxygen, especially water vapor and oxygen to some extent, and improve the stability of water and oxygen, but it has little effect on the improvement of thermal stability. Related prior art is represented by CN 109411 611 A, WO 2021/205336 A1, US 2021/408316 A1 and Li Hong et al., Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, No. 43, p. 1703060. A perovskite solar cell of the same generic kind as the cell of the present application is disclosed in Lance M. Wheeler et al., Nature Communications, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1-9. SUMMARY In view of the foregoing issues, the present application is made with an objective to provide a perovskite solar cell having good thermal stability, an encapsulation method thereof, and a photovoltaic assembly containing the same. In a first aspect of the present application, a perovskite solar cell is provided, including the following components provided successively from bottom to top: a transparent conductive glass substrate;a first transport layer;a perovskite layer;a second transport layer;a conductive electrode;a back plate glass; andan encapsulating adhesive;where the peripheral edges of the transparent conductive glass substrate and the back plate glass are sealed with the encapsulating adhesive, the perovskite layer is encapsulated within an enclosed space formed by the transparent conductive glass substrate the back plate glass and the encapsulating adhesive, and the enclosed space contains a mixture of an inert gas and a methylamine gas, where a volume ratio of the inert gas to the methylamine gas is 9:1 to 5:5, optionally 9:1 to 6:4, more optionally 8:2 to 7:3. A structure of a perovskite solar cell in the present application can not only effectively block the contact of a perovskite material with water and oxygen, especially water vapor and oxygen, but also prevent the decomposition of the perovskite layer to generate a methylamine gas, thereby improving the stability and safety of the perovskite solar cell. In any embodiment, optionally, an absolute pressure within the enclosed space is 2-6 atmospheres. The pressure within the enclosed space is within the foregoing range, which helps to form a stable encapsulation structure. In any embodiment, optionally, an area of the perovskite layer is consistent with an area of the enclosed space, and a ratio of a thickness of the perovskite layer to a height of the enclosed space is 1/5000-1/500, optionally 1/2000-1/750. In any embodiment, optionally, the inert gas is selected from at least one of nitrogen and argon. In any embodiment, optionally, the perovskite layer includes a compound of formula A1BX3 or A2CDX6, A1 is selected from at least one of CH3NH3+(MA+) or CH(NH2)2+(FA+);A2 is selected from at least one of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+;B is selected from at least one of Pb2+, Sn2+, Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Ge2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Ni2+, optionally at least one of Pb2+ or Sn2+;X is selected from at least one of F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-, and may be at least one of Cl-, Br-, and I-; andC and D are independently selected from an organic or inorganic cation, or an organic-inorganic mixed cation, optionally a transition metal cation, or a mixed cation of a transition metal cation with CH3NH3+ or CH(NH2)2+, more optionally at least one of Pb(FA0.83MA0.17)3+, CH3NH3Pb3+, Pb2+, Sr2+, Bi3+, and La3+. In any embodiment, optionally, the perovskite layer includes at least one of CH3NH3PbI3, CH(NH2)2PbI3, CS0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, or CsPbIBr2. In any embodiment, optionally, the encapsulating adhesive is selected from one or more of