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EP-4601019-B1 - PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE AND PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

EP4601019B1EP 4601019 B1EP4601019 B1EP 4601019B1EP-4601019-B1

Inventors

  • CHEN, Xiaoniu
  • DING, Chao
  • ZHANG, LIANG
  • FENG, Chunnuan
  • LV, Yuan

Dates

Publication Date
20260506
Application Date
20240418

Claims (13)

  1. A photovoltaic module, comprising: a laminate, wherein the laminate comprises: a solar cell string array, comprising a plurality of solar cell strings arranged in an array, wherein each of the solar cell strings comprises a plurality of electrically connected solar cells (4), and a glass cover (1), located on a first side of the solar cell string array, wherein a first surface (11) of the glass cover (1) away from the solar cell string array has a plurality of concave-convex structures (12), and a back sheet (7), located on a second side of the solar cell string array, wherein the first side is opposite to the second side, characterized in that the average reflectance of each of the solar cells (4) ranges from 2.4% to 2.9%; a flatness of a second surface (13) of the glass cover (1) close to the solar cell string array is less than a flatness of the first surface (11), wherein the flatness is defined as the difference between unevenness and absolute evenness, and a smaller value of the flatness indicates a flatter surface; a ratio of a height to a width of the concave-convex structure (12) ranges from 0.6 to 1.8, a direction along the height of the concave-convex structure (12) is parallel to a direction along a thickness of the laminate, and a direction along the width of the concave-convex structure (12) is perpendicular to the direction along the thickness of the laminate and in that the width and the height of the concave-convex structure (12) ranges from 1.5 µm to 2.5 µm.
  2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of concave-convex structures (12) have peaks (121) distributed in an array or distributed in an irregular manner.
  3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the glass cover (1) is patterned glass; and the second surface (13) of the glass cover (1) is a smooth surface.
  4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein a range of reflectance of each of the solar cells (4) is from 0.23% to 24%.
  5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell (4) comprises: a silicon substrate (2), wherein a surface of the silicon substrate (2) has a textured surface, the textured surface comprises a plurality of quasi-pyramid structures, each of the plurality of quasi-pyramid structures comprises a pyramid surface and a pyramid vertex (21) , the pyramid surface of the quasi-pyramid structure comprises a first sub-surface away from the pyramid vertex (2) and a second sub-surface, and the second sub-surface is a remaining portion other than the first sub-surface in the pyramid surface of the quasi-pyramid structure; and on the pyramid surface of the quasi-pyramid structure, a surface morphology of the first sub-surface is different from a surface morphology of the second sub-surface; or the pyramid surface of the quasi-pyramid structure comprises branched textures (22) , and a number of branched textures (22) in the second sub-surface is greater than a number of branched textures (22) in the first sub-surface; or the quasi-pyramid structure further comprises at least two side edges, wherein the side edge comprises a lower section away from the pyramid vertex (21) and a first section, and a bending degree of the lower section is less than a bending degree of the first section.
  6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, wherein a height fluctuation of the first sub-surface is less than a height fluctuation of the second sub-surface; or a roughness of the first sub-surface is less than a roughness of the second sub-surface.
  7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the solar cell (4) further comprises a passivation anti-reflection layer (3) on the silicon substrate (2); the passivation anti-reflection layer (3) comprises a first part on the first sub-surface and a second part on the second sub-surface; in the passivation anti-reflection layer (3), a thickness of the first part is greater than a thickness of the second part along the same direction toward the pyramid vertex (21) ; and/or a thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer (3) ranges from 60 nm to 70 nm.
  8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solar cell (4) is a back-contact solar cell, and the solar cell string array further comprises: a plurality of busbars (15) respectively located at a first end, at a second end, and in a middle portion, wherein the first end is opposite to the second end in an extending direction of the solar cell string, and the middle portion is located between the first end and the second end; a black insulating gasket (9) is adhered to a side of the busbar (15) close to the glass cover (1), the black insulating gasket (9) totally covers a surface of the busbar (15) close to the glass cover (1), and the busbar (15) is fixed to an adjacent solar cell (4) through a black tape (14); or a black blocking object (8) is arranged at a position corresponding to the busbar (15) on the second surface (13) of the glass cover (1), a projection of the black blocking object (8) covers a projection of the busbar (15) along a thickness direction of the laminate, and the black blocking object (8) comprises at least one of black glaze plating, a black adhesive film, or a black tape (14).
  9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solar cell (4) is a back-contact solar cell, and the solar cell string array further comprises: a conductive interconnection member (10) located between adjacent solar cells (4); a black tape (14) is adhered to a side of the conductive interconnection member (10) which is close to the glass cover (1), and the black tape (14) totally covers a surface of the conductive interconnection member (10) which is close to the glass cover (1); or a black blocking object (8) is arranged at a position corresponding to the conductive interconnection member (10) on the second surface (13) of the glass cover (1), a projection of the black blocking object (8) covers a projection of the conductive interconnection member (10) along a thickness direction of the laminate, and the black blocking object (8) comprises at least one of black glaze plating, a black adhesive film, or a black tape (14).
  10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the back sheet (7) is a composite back sheet (7), and a color of a surface of the composite back sheet (7) close to the solar cell string array is black; or the back sheet (7) is made of a material comprising glass, a black blocking object (8) is arranged at a position corresponding to a gap between every two of the solar cell strings and a position corresponding to a gap between every two of the solar cells (4) on a surface of the back sheet (7) close to the solar cell string array, and the black blocking object (8) comprises at least one of black glaze plating, a black adhesive film, or a black tape (14).
  11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the photovoltaic module further comprises: a plurality of black frames located around the laminate, wherein a first wave pattern is arranged on a surface A of the black frame; and/or an arc-shaped chamfer is arranged at each corner of the photovoltaic module; and/or the photovoltaic module further comprises a junction box (5) located on a side of the back sheet (7) away from the solar cell string array and a black cable tie (6) configured to tie the junction box (5) and other lines surrounding the junction box (5).
  12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10, wherein the back sheet (7) is made of the material comprising glass, a through-hole (71) is provided on the back sheet (7), the black blocking object (8) is arranged on the surface of the back sheet (7) and around the through-hole (71), a distance between the black blocking object (8) arranged around the through-hole (71) and the through-hole (71) ranges from 0 mm to 2.3 mm, and a shape of a portion of the block blocking object close to the through-hole (71) is consistent with a shape of the through-hole (71).
  13. A photovoltaic system, comprising a plurality of photovoltaic modules according to any one of claims 1 to 12 arranged in an array.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaic technologies, and in particular, to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system. BACKGROUND Solar cells can convert solar energy into electric energy, and have a broad application prospect because they utilize clean energy. However, a single solar cell outputs low voltage, and unencapsulated solar cells are susceptible to an environment. To expand the range of application scenarios, a specific number of solar cells are generally connected in series or in parallel to form a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module generally includes a solar cell, a cover and a back sheet located on two opposite sides of the solar cell, among other components. However, existing photovoltaic modules suffer from problems such as severe glare and non-uniform color distributior Examples of relevant photovoltaic modules disclosed in the prior art are described in patent publications US 2011/180123 A1 and WO 2012/133973 A1. SUMMARY The present disclosure provides a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system, and aims to resolve problems such as severe glare and non-uniform color in existing photovoltaic modules. Reflectance in this application refers to reflectance measured within a wavelength range from 300 nm to 1180 nm of sunlight. According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a photovoltaic module is provided, including: a laminate, where the laminate includes: a solar cell string array, where the solar cell string array includes a plurality of solar cell strings arranged in an array, where each of the solar cell strings includes a plurality of electrically connected solar cells, and average reflectance of each of the solar cells ranges from 2.4% to 2.9%;a glass cover, located on a first side of the solar cell string array, where a first surface of the glass cover away from the solar cell string array has a plurality of concave-convex structures, and a flatness of a second surface of the glass cover close to the solar cell string array is less than a flatness of the first surface; anda back sheet, located on a second side of the solar cell string array, where the first side is opposite to the second side. In the present disclosure, the first surface of the glass cover has a plurality of concave-convex structures, and the first surface of the glass cover is a surface of the glass cover that mainly receives irradiation. A textured reflection or diffused reflection effect may be formed on a surface of the concave-convex structure, so that specular reflection is greatly reduced, reflection spots are sparse, and the brightness is low, bringing a good anti-glare effect. Meanwhile, because the concave-convex structures receive light reflected from each other, the light transmission is increased, the light reflection is reduced, and a light trapping effect is improved. Therefore, the appearance of the photovoltaic module exhibits a black color almost without color difference and more beautiful. In addition, the average reflectance of each of the solar cells ranges from 2.4% to 2.9%, and the average reflectance of each of the solar cells is low, so that the anti-glare effect is further improved, and the appearance of the solar cell exhibits a black color almost without color difference. Through combination of the glass cover and the solar cell, the anti-glare effect of the photovoltaic module is further improved, and the color is more uniform and beautiful. Optionally, the plurality of concave-convex structures have peaks distributed in an array or distributed in an irregular manner. A ratio of a height to a width of the concave-convex structure ranges from 0.6 to 1.8, a direction along the height of the concave-convex structure is parallel to a direction along a thickness of the laminate, and a direction along the width of the concave-convex structure is perpendicular to the direction along the thickness of the laminate. The height of the concave-convex structure ranges from 1.5 µm to 2.5 µm, and the width of the concave-convex structure ranges from 1.5 µm to 2.5 µm. Optionally, the glass cover is patterned glass; and the second surface of the glass cover is a smooth surface. Optionally, a range of reflectance of each of the solar cells is from 0.23% to 24%. Optionally, the solar cell includes: a silicon substrate, where a surface of the silicon substrate has a textured surface, the textured surface includes a plurality of quasi-pyramid structures, each of the plurality of quasi-pyramid structures includes a pyramid surface and a pyramid vertex, the pyramid surface of the quasi-pyramid structure includes a first sub-surface away from the pyramid vertex and a second sub-surface, and the second sub-surface is a remaining portion other than the first sub-surface in the pyramid surface of the quasi-pyramid structure; and on the pyramid surface of the quasi-pyramid structure, a surface morphology of the first sub-surface is different from a surfa