EP-4735734-A1 - CARBON SEQUESTRATION MONITORING BY MINERAL REACTION EXTENT MONITORING

Abstract

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is a relatively new technology directed to mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Current and new government requirements require proof that carbon dioxide (CO2) is either sequestered in a stable form or safely stored for long periods of time. In instances when the CO2 is sequestered through mineral formation, the need for long-term monitoring can be reduced, as the stability of the sequestered CO2 is inherent based on a chemical change in subterranean rocks. The reactions between CO2 and rock formations are influenced by numerous factors, including temperature, pressure, fluid composition, and the mineralogy of the formation. Furthermore, these reactions occur over large spatial areas and long timescales, making them difficult to monitor directly. Methods and systems of the present disclosure, therefore, may use a combination of laboratory experiments, field monitoring, and modeling to provide convincing evidence of CO2 mineral sequestration.

Inventors

• JONES, CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL
• CHEN, SONGHUA
• FOUDA, Ahmed Elsayed
• LEBLANC, MICHEL
• SAADA, Mahmoud Helmy

Assignees

• Halliburton Energy Services Inc.

Dates

Publication Date

20260506

Application Date

20230803

Claims (20)

1. 1. A method comprising: collecting a first set of wellbore data before a first mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) is injected into a wellbore; injecting the first mass of the CO2 into the wellbore; collecting a second set of wellbore data; identifying a change associated with a formation surrounding the wellbore; and estimating a quantity of the first mass of the CO2 that has been transformed into a mineral compound by a chemical reaction based on the identified change associated with the formation.
2. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a first electromagnetic field into the formation while the first set of wellbore data is collected; and transmitting a second electromagnetic field into the formation while the second set of wellbore data is collected.
3. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a first acoustic signal into the materials of the formation while the first set of wellbore data is collected; and transmitting a second acoustic signal into the materials of the formation while the second set of wellbore data is collected.
4. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: deploying one or more sensors along an inside surface of a casing of the wellbore, wherein the one or more sensors sense the first and the second set of wellbore data based on being deployed on the inside surface of the casing.
5. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the casing includes an electrical insulating material.
6. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the electrical insulating material of the casing resists corrosion and allows electromagnetic fields to propagate through the casing.
7. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the change associated with the materials of the Earth corresponds to a temperature difference associated with the injection of the first mass of the CO2 into the wellbore.
8. 8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: placing a rock sample into a pressure-temperature chamber; heating the pressure-temperature chamber to a reference temperature that corresponds to a wellbore condition associated with the reference temperature and a reference pressure; and providing a second mass of the CO2 to the chamber when a simulation is performed to estimate effects of the first mass of the CO2 being injected into the wellbore based on the wellbore condition associated with the reference temperature and the reference pressure.
9. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: collecting a third set of data before the second mass of the CO2 is provided to the chamber; identifying a first value of mineralization associated with the sample based on an evaluation of the third set of data; collecting a fourth set of data after the second mass of the CO2 is provided to the chamber; identifying a second value of mineralization associated with the sample based on an evaluation of the fourth set of data; and identifying a percentage of the second mass of CO2 that has been transformed into the mineral compound by the chemical reaction based on a difference between the second value of mineralization and the first value of mineralization.
10. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: updating a computer model based on the percentage of the second mass of CO2 that has been transformed into the mineral compound by the chemical reaction, wherein the estimated quantity of the first mass of the CO2 that has been transformed into the mineral compound by the chemical reaction is based on application of the updated computer model.
11. 11. Anon-transitory computer-readable storage media having embodied thereon instructions executable by one or more processors to implement a method comprising: collecting a first set of wellbore data before a first mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) is injected into a wellbore; controlling injection of the first mass of the CO2 into the wellbore; collecting a second set of wellbore data; identifying a change associated with a formation surrounding the wellbore; and estimating a quantity of the first mass of the CO2 that has been transformed into a mineral compound by a chemical reaction based on the identified change associated with the formation.
12. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to: initiate transmission of a first electromagnetic field into the formation while the first set of wellbore data is collected; and initiate transmission of a second electromagnetic field into the formation while the second set of wellbore data is collected.
13. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to: initiate transmission of a first acoustic signal into the materials of the formation while the first set of wellbore data is collected; and initiate transmission of a second acoustic signal into the materials of the formation while the second set of wellbore data is collected.
14. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 11, wherein one or more sensors are deployed along an inside surface of a casing of the wellbore, and wherein the one or more sensors sense the first and the second set of wellbore data based on being deployed on the inside surface of the casing.
15. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 14, wherein the casing includes an electrical insulating material.
16. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 11, wherein the change associated with the materials of the Earth corresponds to a temperature difference associated with the injection of the first mass of the CO2 into the wellbore.
17. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 11, wherein: a rock sample is placed into a pressure-temperature chamber; the pressure-temperature chamber is heated to a reference temperature that corresponds to a wellbore condition associated with the reference temperature and a reference pressure; and a second mass of the CO2 is provided to the chamber when a simulation is performed to estimate effects of the first mass of the CO2 being injected into the wellbore based on the wellbore condition associated with the reference temperature and the reference pressure.
18. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to: collect a third set of data before the second mass of the CO2 is provided to the chamber; identify a first value of mineralization associated with the sample based on an evaluation of the third set of data; collect a fourth set of data after the second mass of the CO2 is provided to the chamber; identify a second value of mineralization associated with the sample based on an evaluation of the fourth set of data; and identify a percentage of the second mass of CO2 that has been transformed into the mineral compound by the chemical reaction based on a difference between the second value of mineralization and the first value of mineralization.
19. 19. An apparatus comprising: one or more sensors that collect a first set of wellbore data before a first mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) is injected into a wellbore; a CO2 source that provides the first mass of the CO2 into the wellbore, wherein the one or more sensors collects a second set of wellbore data; a memory; and a processor that executes instructions out of the memory to: identify a change associated with a formation surrounding the wellbore; and estimate a quantity of the first mass of the CO2 that has been transformed into a mineral compound by a chemical reaction based on the identified change associated with the formation.
20. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising: one or more electromagnetic transmitters that: transmit a first electromagnetic field into the formation while the first set of wellbore data is collected; and transmit a second electromagnetic field into the formation while the second set of wellbore data is collected.

Description

CARBON SEQUESTRATION MONITORING BY MINERAL REACTION EXTENT MONITORING CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims benefit to U.S. Non-Provisional Application No. 18/229,361 filed August 2, 2023, which claims benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/523,710 filed June 28, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD [0002] The present disclosure pertains to identifying changes in subterranean formations based on carbon dioxide (CO2) being injected into a wellbore. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to sequestering carbon into subterranean formations as effectively and efficiently. BACKGROUND [0003] ‘ ‘Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage” (CCUS) is a relatively new technology directed to mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Governments worldwide have established stringent requirements for carbon storage and sequestration to ensure the long-term safety and effectiveness of CCUS. Typically, these requirements include proof that the stored carbon dioxide (CO2) is either sequestered in a stable form or safely stored for a long period of time that may exceed 100 years. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0004] In order to describe the manner in which the features and advantages of this disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description is provided with reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the principles herein are described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which: [0005] FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an example logging while drilling wellbore operating environment, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology; [0006] FIG. IB is a schematic diagram of an example downhole environment having tubulars, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology; [0007] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a laboratory setting that may be used to collect data regarding chemical changes that may occur in samples extracted from subterranean formations in the Earth, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology; [0008] FIG. 3 illustrates several different configurations of apparatus that may be used to collect data that can be analyzed to identify the effectiveness of a carbon sequestration process, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology; [0009] FIG. 4 illustrates actions that may be performed when a process of carbon sequestration is performed, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology; [0010] FIG. 5 illustrates actions that may be performed when a laboratory experiment is performed on samples that have been extracted from a wellbore such that operation of a computer model may be improved, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology; and [0011] FIG. 6 illustrates an example computing device architecture which can be employed to perform various steps, methods, and techniques disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0012] Various embodiments of the disclosure are discussed in detail below. While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. [0013] Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or can be learned by practice of the principles disclosed herein. The features and advantages of the disclosure can be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features of the disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims or can be learned by the practice of the principles set forth herein. [0014] It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, where appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the different figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments described herein. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the related relevant feature being described. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and the proportions of certain parts may be exaggerated to better illustrate details and features. The description is