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EP-4735798-A1 - CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OPERATING AND/OR CONTROLLING AND/OR REGULATING A CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM

EP4735798A1EP 4735798 A1EP4735798 A1EP 4735798A1EP-4735798-A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a central heating system (1) comprising at least one primary heat source (2) which can be operated using fuels, at least one electrically operatable heat pump (3), at least one water-air heat exchanger (4), and at least one service water storage device (5) for temporarily storing service water (11). A heat exchanger supply line (L WT , zu ) of the line system (7) is fluidically connected to the primary heat source (2) and to the water-air heat exchanger (4), and a heat pump discharge line (L WP , ab ) of the line system (7) is fluidically connected to the heat pump (3) and to the primary heat source (2). The invention also relates to a method for operating and/or controlling and/or regulating such a central heating system (1). In particular, the fuel requirement for the primary energy source (2) is minimized in a distributed manner over the year in that – a first 3/2-way valve (21.1) is arranged in the heat exchanger supply line (L WT, zu ), and – a first 3-way connecting piece (26.1) is arranged in the heat pump discharge line (L WP , ab ) such that a branching flow circuit (K AB ) of the line system (7) is formed by means of a branch of the 3/2-way valve (21.1) and a branch of the 3-way connecting piece (26.1), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be pumped through the branching flow circuit (K AB ) by means of the at least one pump (8, 9, 9b), and the service water (11) can be heated using the heat transfer fluid (6) flowing through the branching flow circuit (KAB).

Inventors

  • BRECKLINGHAUS, PETER

Assignees

  • Brecklinghaus, Peter

Dates

Publication Date
20260506
Application Date
20240627

Claims (20)

  1. 1. Central heating system (1) with at least one primary heat source (2) that can be operated with the aid of fuels, in particular a gas boiler or a heating boiler, with at least one electrically operated heat pump (3), with at least one water-air heat exchanger (4), preferably a heating element or a radiator for heating a building, and with at least one domestic water storage tank (5), in particular a boiler, for temporarily storing domestic water (11), wherein a heat transfer fluid (6), in particular water, can be heated by means of the primary heat source (2) and/or with the aid of the heat pump (3), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed by means of a pipe system (7) and with the aid of at least one pump (8, 9, 9b), in particular a heating pump (8), a circulation pump (9) and/or a heat source pump (9b) for heating by the heat pump (3) and/or, in particular for heating by the primary heat source (2), wherein a Heat exchanger inflow line (LWT, ZU) of the line system (7) is fluidically connected and/or connected accordingly to the primary heat source (2) on the one hand and to the water-air heat exchanger (4) on the other hand, so that the heat transfer fluid (6) can be fed to the water-air heat exchanger (4) through the heat exchanger inflow line (LWT, ZU), wherein a heat pump inflow line (L W p, zu ) of the line system (7) is fluidically connected and/or connected accordingly to the water-air heat exchanger (4) on the one hand and to the heat pump (3) on the other hand, so that the heat transfer fluid (6) can be fed to the heat pump (3) through the heat pump inflow line (LWP, zu), wherein a heat pump outflow line (L W p, ab) of the line system (7) is fluidically connected and/or connected accordingly to the heat pump (3) on the one hand and to the primary heat source (2), so that the heat transfer fluid (6) can be fed to the primary heat source (2) through the heat pump discharge line (LWP, ab), characterized in that a - first - 3/2-way valve (21.1) is arranged in the heat exchanger inflow line (LWT, ZU) and/or is interposed here, wherein a - first - 3-way connecting piece (26.1) is arranged in the heat pump discharge line (LWP, ab) and/or is interposed here, so that a branch flow circuit (KAB) of the line system (7) is formed by means of a branch of the 3/2-way valve (21.1) and a branch of the 3-way connecting piece (26.1), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed through the branch flow circuit (KAB) by means of the at least one pump (8, 9, 9b) and with the aid of the flow through the branch The service water (11) can be heated by means of the heat transfer fluid (6) flowing through the flow circuit (KAB).
  2. 2. Central heating system (1) with at least one primary heat source (2) that can be operated with the aid of fuels, in particular a gas boiler or a heating boiler, with at least one electrically operated heat pump (3), with at least one water-air heat exchanger (4), preferably a heating element or a radiator for heating a building, and with at least one domestic water storage tank (5), in particular a boiler, for temporarily storing domestic water (11), wherein a heat transfer fluid (6), in particular water, can be heated by means of the primary heat source (2) and/or with the aid of the heat pump (3), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed by means of a pipe system (7) and with the aid of at least one pump (8, 9, 9b), in particular a heating pump (8), a circulation pump (9) and/or a heat source pump (9b) for heating by the heat pump (3) and/or, in particular for heating by the primary heat source (2), wherein a Heat exchanger inflow line (LWT, ZU) of the line system (7) is fluidically connected and/or connected accordingly to the primary heat source (2) on the one hand and to the water-air heat exchanger (4) on the other hand, so that the heat transfer fluid (6) can be fed to the water-air heat exchanger (4) through the heat exchanger inflow line (LWT, ZU), wherein a heat pump inflow line (L W p, zu ) of the line system (7) is fluidically connected and/or connected accordingly to the water-air heat exchanger (4) on the one hand and to the heat pump (3) on the other hand, so that the heat transfer fluid (6) can be fed to the heat pump (3) through the heat pump inflow line (LWP, zu), wherein a heat pump outflow line (L W p, ab) of the line system (7) is fluidically connected and/or connected accordingly to the heat pump (3) on the one hand and to the primary heat source (2), so that the heat transfer fluid (6) can be fed to the primary heat source (2) through the heat pump discharge line (LWP, ab), characterized in that a - first - 3-way connecting piece (26.1) is arranged in the heat exchanger inflow line (LWT, zu) and/or is interposed here, wherein a - first - 3/2-way valve (21.1) is arranged in the heat pump discharge line (LWP, ab) and/or is interposed here, so that a branch flow circuit (KAB) of the line system (7) is formed by means of a branch of the 3-way connecting piece (26.1) and a branch of the 3/2-way valve (21.1), wherein the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conveyed through the branch flow circuit (KAB) by means of the at least one pump (8, 9, 9b) and with the aid of the The service water (11) can be heated by means of the heat transfer fluid (6) flowing through the branch flow circuit (KAB).
  3. 3. Central heating system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that inside the domestic water tank (5), inside a wall of the domestic water tank (5) and/or outside on the wall of the domestic water tank (5) a heating line (LHZ) is arranged and/or designed such that when the heat transfer fluid (6) flows through the heating line (LHZ), the service water (11) then present in the service water storage tank (5) can be heated by means of the heat transfer fluid (6), wherein a primary heat source outflow line (L PQ , ab) of the line system (7) is fluidically connected on the one hand to the primary heat source (2) and on the other hand to the heating line (LHZ) and/or is connected accordingly, so that the heat transfer fluid (6) can be fed to the heating line (LHZ) through the primary heat source outflow line (L PQ , ab), wherein a primary heat source inflow line (L PQ , zu ) of the line system (7) is fluidically connected on the one hand to the heating line (LHZ) and on the other hand to the primary heat source (2) and/or is connected accordingly, so that the heat transfer fluid (6) can be fed to the heating line (LHZ) through the primary heat source inflow line (L PQ , zu ) can be fed to the primary heat source (2), wherein the heat exchanger inflow line (LWT, ZU) is fluidically connected to the primary heat source outflow line (L PQ , ab) and/or is fluidically connected to the primary heat source outflow line (L PQ , ab), and wherein the heat pump outflow line (L WP , ab) is fluidically connected to the primary heat source inflow line (LQ, ZU ) and/or is fluidically connected to the primary heat source inflow line (L PQ , zu ), in particular by means of a primary heat source 3/2-way valve (21 .G).
  4. 4. Central heating system (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that a branch flow circuit inflow line (LSK, ZU) of the branch flow circuit (KAB) is fluidically connected to the primary heat source outflow line (L PQ, ab) and/or connected to the primary heat source outflow line (L PQ , ab) via the first 3-way connecting piece (26.1) or via the first 3/2-way valve (21.1) and via a second 3-way connecting piece (26.2) arranged in the primary heat source outflow line (L PQ , ab) and/or interposed therein, wherein a branch flow circuit outflow line (LSK, ab) of the branch flow circuit (KAB) is connected to the first 3/2-way valve (21.1) or to the first 3-way connecting piece (26.1 ) and via a third 3-way connecting piece (26.3) is fluidically connected to the primary heat source inflow line (L P Q, ZU ) and/or connected to the primary heat source inflow line (L PQ , ZU ).
  5. 5. Central heating system (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the primary heat source (2) has a primary heat source housing (2.G) and the domestic water storage tank (5) has a domestic water storage tank housing (5.G) arranged at a distance from the primary heat source housing (2.G), wherein the second and third 3-way connecting pieces (26.2, 26.3) are arranged between the primary heat source housing (2.G) and the domestic water storage tank housing (5.G).
  6. 6. Central heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a water-water heat exchanger (27), in particular a plate heat exchanger, is provided, in particular designed as a separate component, wherein a branch flow circuit inflow line (LSK, ZU) of the branch flow circuit (KAB) is fluidically connected to a first side (27.1) of the water-water heat exchanger (27) and/or is connected thereto, so that the heat transfer fluid (6) can be fed to the first side (27.1) through the branch flow circuit inflow line (LSK, ZU), wherein a branch flow circuit outflow line (LSK, ab) of the branch flow circuit (KAB) is fluidically connected to the first side (27.1) and/or is connected thereto, so that the heat transfer fluid (6) through the branch flow circuit discharge line (LSK, ab) from the first side (27.1), wherein a service water discharge line (L B w, ab) is fluidically connected on the one hand to the service water storage tank (5) and on the other hand to a second side (27.2) of the water-water heat exchanger (27) and/or is connected accordingly, so that the service water (11) can be fed through the service water discharge line (LBW, ab) from the service water storage tank (5) to the second side (27.2) with the aid of a service water pump (10), and wherein a service water inflow line (LBW, ZU) is fluidically connected on the one hand to the service water storage tank (5) and on the other hand to the second side (27.2) and/or is connected accordingly, so that the service water (11) can be fed through the service water inflow line (L B w, zu ) to the service water storage tank (5) can be fed from the second side (27.2).
  7. 7. Central heating system (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that a hot water pipe (17a) is fluidically connected to the service water discharge pipe (L BW , ab) and/or is connected to the service water discharge pipe (L BW , ab), wherein a cold water pipe (17b) is fluidically connected to the service water inflow pipe (L BW , zu) and/or is connected to the service water inflow pipe (L BW , ZU ).
  8. 8. Central heating system (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the primary heat source (2) and the domestic water storage tank (5) have a common integral housing (28), wherein the primary heat source outflow line (L PQ , ab ) and the primary heat source inflow line (L PQ , zu ), in particular each completely, are arranged within the integral housing (28).
  9. 9. Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating pump (8) is connected to the water-air heat exchanger (4), the Circulation pump (9) is assigned to the heat pump (3) and the heat source pump (9b) is assigned to the primary heat source (2), namely is arranged in terms of flow in a region of the line system (7) assigned to the respective unit (2, 3, 4) or in a partial line region having the respective unit (2, 3, 4).
  10. 10. Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a temperature sensor (13.1) is arranged in a - viewed vertically - lower area of the domestic water storage tank (5) or adjacent to this - viewed vertically - lower area of the domestic water storage tank (5) for determining the actual domestic water temperature (TBI), wherein the temperature sensor (13.1) is connected to a heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) in terms of control/signal/and/or data technology, wherein the heat pump (3) is connected to the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) in terms of control technology, and wherein the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) is designed and/or constructed such that the heat pump (3) can be controlled and/or regulated depending on the determined actual domestic water temperature (TBI), in particular to connect a central heating control and/or regulating device (12) to the primary heat source (2). whose control and/or regulation is linked to the control technology.
  11. 11. Central heating system (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the temperature sensor (13.1) is arranged in or on a part of a service water inflow line (LBW. ZU) formed between an inflow valve (15) and an inflow connection (16) of the service water storage tank (5), in particular by means of a T-piece (18).
  12. 12. Central heating system (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the temperature sensor (13.1) is designed as a first temperature sensor (13.1) for determining a first actual domestic water temperature (TBI), wherein a second temperature sensor (13.2) is arranged in a - viewed vertically - middle or upper region of the domestic water tank (5) for measuring a second, preferably average actual domestic water temperature (TB2), wherein the second temperature sensor (13.2) is connected to the central heating control and/or regulating device (12) for control/signal/and/or data purposes, wherein the central heating control and/or regulating device (12) is designed and/or constructed such that the primary heat source (2) can be controlled and/or regulated as a function of the second actual domestic water temperature (TB2).
  13. 13. Central heating system (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) is designed and/or constructed such that the heat pump (3) can be operated and/or activated with the aid of the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) to heat the heat transfer fluid (6) when the first actual domestic water temperature (TBI) measured, determined and/or calculated, in particular by the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) with the aid of the first temperature sensor (13.1) falls below a first limit temperature (TBIG), wherein the central heating control and/or regulating device (12) is designed and/or constructed such that the primary heat source (2) can be operated and/or activated with the aid of the central heating control and/or regulating device (12) to heat the heat transfer fluid (6) when the first actual domestic water temperature (TBI) measured, determined and/or calculated, in particular by the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14 ...). measured, determined and/or calculated second actual domestic water temperature (TB2) falls below a second limit temperature (T B 2G).
  14. 14. Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a power of the heat pump (3) is continuously adjustable, in particular between 0 kW and 25 kW, in particular between 1.5 kW and 7 kW, by means of the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14), in particular an inverter (19) of the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14).
  15. 15. Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the line system (7) has at least one 4/2-way valve (20) which is arranged and/or functionally effective in terms of flow between the first 3/2-way valve (21.1) or the first 3-way connector (26.1) on the one hand and the water-air heat exchanger (4) and the heat pump (3) on the other hand, with the aid of which the heat transfer fluid (6) can be conducted and/or guided to the water-air heat exchanger (4) or past the water-air heat exchanger (4) to the heat pump (3).
  16. 16. Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the line system (7) has a second and a third 3/2-way valve (21.2, 21.3) each with three connections and two switching positions, namely a second 3/2-way valve (21.2) arranged in particular in the heat exchanger inflow line (LWT, ZU) and/or interposed therein, and a third 3/2-way valve (21.3) arranged in particular in the heat pump inflow line (L W p, zu) and/or interposed therein, wherein the second 3/2-way valve (21.2) is connected to the first 3/2-way valve (21.1) or to the first 3-way connecting piece (26.1), the water-air Heat exchanger (4) and is fluidically connected to the third 3/2-way valve (21.3), wherein the third 3/2-way valve (21.3) is fluidically connected to the water-air heat exchanger (4), to the second 3/2-way valve (21.2) and to the heat pump (3), wherein by means of the second 3/2-way valve (21.2) a flow of the heat transfer fluid (6) from the first 3/2-way valve (21.1) or the first 3-way connector (26.1) to the water-air heat exchanger (4) or to the third 3/2-way valve (21.3) is optionally possible, and wherein by means of the third 3/2-way valve (21.3) a flow of the heat transfer fluid (6) from the water-air heat exchanger (4) or from the second 3/2-way valve (21.2) to the heat pump (3).
  17. 17. Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that from the group of the following elements and/or components, namely the heat exchanger inflow line (LWT, ZU) at least in sections, the heat pump inflow line (L W p, zu) at least in sections, the heat pump outflow line (L W p, ab) at least in sections, the circulation pump (9) and the 4/2-way valve (20), in particular the second 3/2-way valve (21.2) and the third 3/2-way valve (21.3), at least two elements and/or components and respectively associated connections are arranged and/or formed on a first hydraulic module (22.1) forming a common structural unit.
  18. 18. Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that from the group of the following elements and/or components, namely the heat exchanger inflow line (LWT, ZU) at least in sections, the branch flow circuit inflow line (LSK, ZU) at least in sections, the branch flow circuit outflow line (LSK, ab) at least in sections, the heat pump outflow line (L W p, ab) at least in sections, the first 3-way connecting piece (26.1) and the first 3/2-way valve (21.1), at least two elements and/or components and respectively associated connections are arranged and/or formed on a second hydraulic module (22.2) forming a common structural unit.
  19. 19. Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that from the group of the following elements and/or components, namely the branch flow circuit inflow line (LSK, ZU) at least in sections, the branch flow circuit outflow line (LSK, ab) at least in sections, the water-water heat exchanger (27), the service water inflow line (LBW, ZU) at least in sections, the service water outflow line (LBW, ab) at least in sections and the Domestic water pump (10) at least two elements and/or components and respective associated connections are arranged and/or formed on a third hydraulic module (22.3) forming a common structural unit.
  20. 20. Central heating system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) for supplying energy to the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) is connected to the central heating control and/or regulating device (12) and/or that the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) for controlling and/or regulating the heating pump (8) is connected to the heating pump (8) in terms of control technology and/or that the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) for controlling and/or regulating the circulation pump (9) is connected to the circulation pump (9) in terms of control technology and/or that the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) for controlling and/or regulating the domestic water pump (10) is connected to the domestic water pump (10) in terms of control technology and/or that the central heating control and/or regulating device (12) for controlling and/or regulating the Heat source pump (9b) is connected in terms of control technology to the heat source pump (9b) and/or that the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) for controlling and/or regulating the first 3/2-way valve (21.1) is connected in terms of control technology to the first 3/2-way valve (21.1) and/or that the central heating control and/or regulating device (12) for controlling and/or regulating the primary heat source 3/2-way valve (21. G) is connected in terms of control technology to the primary heat source 3/2-way valve (21. G), that the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) for controlling and/or regulating the 4/2-way valve (20), in particular the second and third 3/2-way valve (21.2 and 21.3), is connected in terms of control technology to the 4/2-way valve (20) and/or that the heat pump control and/or regulating device (14) is connected in terms of control/signal/and/or data technology to an outside temperature sensor (13.a) for determining an outside temperature (T a ).

Description

Central heating system and method for operating and/or controlling and/or regulating a central heating system The invention relates to a central heating system with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1 or 2 and to a method for operating and/or controlling and/or regulating a central heating system with the features of the preamble of patent claim 21 or 22. The central heating systems known in the prior art generally have at least one primary heat source that can be operated with the aid of fuels, in particular a gas boiler or a heating boiler. Some central heating systems also have an electrically operated heat pump, but at least one water-air heat exchanger, preferably a heater or a radiator for heating a building, and/or at least one domestic water storage tank, in particular a boiler, for temporarily storing domestic water. A heat transfer fluid, in particular water, can be heated with the aid of the primary heat source and/or with the aid of the heat pump, wherein the heat transfer fluid can be conveyed by means of a pipe system and with the aid of at least one pump, in particular a heating pump, a circulation pump and/or a heat source pump, for heating by the heat pump and/or, in particular, for heating by the primary heat source. A heat exchanger inflow line of the pipe system is fluidically connected to the primary heat source on the one hand and to the water-air heat exchanger on the other hand and/or connected accordingly, so that the heat transfer fluid can be fed to the water-air heat exchanger through the heat exchanger inflow line. A heat pump inflow line of the pipe system is fluidically connected to the water-air heat exchanger on the one hand and to the heat pump on the other hand and/or connected accordingly, so that the heat transfer fluid can be fed to the heat pump through the heat pump inflow line. A heat pump outflow line of the pipe system is fluidically connected to the heat pump on the one hand and to the primary heat source on the other hand and/or connected accordingly, so that the heat transfer fluid can be fed to the primary heat source through the heat pump outflow line. The water-air heat exchanger and the heat pump are therefore fluidically connected in series with respect to the primary heat source and/or can be connected in series. DE 29 19 751 C2 describes a central heating system with a heat transfer fluid that can be heated or warmed with fuels in a boiler, whereby a heating circuit for heating radiators in a building is connected to the boiler and the heated heat transfer fluid flows through the heating circuit. The heating circuit has a heat exchanger inflow line, also called the flow line, via which the heat transfer fluid is fed to the water-air heat exchangers designed as radiators. The heating circuit also has a heat exchanger outflow line, also called the return line, via which the heat transfer fluid is then led from the radiators back to the boiler. The proportion of heat transfer fluid that flows to the radiators can be adjusted using a four-way mixing valve connected in the flow and return lines and a heating pump assigned to the radiators. A boiler for heating domestic water is installed in the boiler. The heat transfer fluid can be fed to a heat pump from the heat exchanger inflow line of the heating circuit and then fed back at an increased temperature from the heat pump into the heat exchanger outflow line of the heating circuit. In addition to the usual temperature sensors for controlling the boiler, two temperature sensors are arranged in a heat pump inflow line leading to the heat pump, while another temperature sensor measures the temperature of the supply air that is fed to an evaporator of the heat pump. The heat pump and boiler can be operated separately or simultaneously. The heat pump is not operated below an outside temperature of 3°C or 5°C for economic reasons. In a range around this 3°C or 5°C, the actual heat transfer fluid temperature at the boiler is kept at 55°C by the boiler, so that the heat pump is not switched on as often. However, such a central heating system is not yet optimally designed in terms of the fuel savings potential, in particular because the heat pump is only operated above an outside temperature of 3°C or 5°C. In the range of outside temperatures of 3°C or 5°C (or below), the boiler is preferably operated and the heat pump is only switched on when required and only rarely, so that in the aforementioned temperature range, heat is preferably provided using the fuels. Furthermore, the control and/or regulation of the four-way mixing valve mentioned is complex, especially if the heat pump is subsequently installed on an existing heating system. Control and/or regulation of the four-way mixing valve mentioned using the heat pump is then not possible or only possible with major control or regulation changes to the central heating system. Such four-way mixing valves or similar valves are often also installed in a hou