EP-4736084-A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED PREDICTION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A QUANTUM COMPUTER

Abstract

A method for the computer-implemented prediction of the performance of a quantum computer (QC) having at least one quantum processing unit (QPU) is described, the at least one quantum processing unit being characterized by respective performance parameters, wherein, for planned operation of the quantum computer in a specified place (PL), the following steps are carried out: i) reading in at least one environment parameter (EP1, EP2), the at least one environment parameter having been captured by means of one or more sensors (ES1, ES2), the one or more sensors (ES1, ES2) being installed at the or in the region of the specified place (PL); ii) determining at least one state parameter (CP1, CP2) of the at least one quantum processing unit (QPU) by processing of the at least one environment parameter (EP1, EP2) by a trained data-driven model (MO), the at least one environment parameter (EP1, EP2) being fed into the trained data-driven model (MO) as digital input information and the trained data-driven model (MO) providing the at least one state parameter (CP1, CP2) as digital output information, the at least one state parameter (CP1, CP2) describing a performance of the at least one quantum processing unit (QPU).

Inventors

• NIEDERMEIER, CHRISTOPH
• Safi, Hila
• Schwenzow, Tilmann Moritz
• Wintersperger, Karen
• von Sicard, Oliver

Assignees

• Siemens Aktiengesellschaft

Dates

Publication Date

20260506

Application Date

20240809

Claims (10)

1. 1. Method for computer-implemented prediction of the performance of a quantum computer (QC) with at least one quantum processing unit (QPU), wherein the at least one quantum processing unit is characterized by respective performance parameters, wherein the following steps are carried out for a planned operation of the quantum computer at a predetermined location (PL): i) reading in at least one environmental parameter (EPI, EP2), wherein the at least one environmental parameter was recorded with one or more sensors (ESI, ES2), wherein the sensor or sensors (ESI, ES2) are installed at or in the area of the predetermined location (PL); ii) determining at least one state parameter (CPI, CP2) of the at least one quantum processing unit (QPU) by processing the at least one environmental parameter (EPI, EP2) by a trained data-driven model (MO), wherein the at least one environmental parameter (EPI, EP2) is fed into the trained data-driven model (MO) as digital input information and the trained data-driven model (MO) supplies the at least one state parameter (CPI, CP2) as digital output information, wherein the at least one state parameter (CP1, CP2) describes a performance of the at least one quantum processing unit (QPU).
2. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the trained data-driven model (MO) is a neural network.
3. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the determination of the at least one state parameter (CP1, CP2) of the at least one quantum processing unit (QPU) is repeated if a measure describing the performance is undershot.
4. 4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the determination of the at least one state parameter (CPI, CP2) of the at least one quantum processing unit (QPU) is repeated for a plurality of predetermined locations (PLi) if a measure of the at least one state parameter (CPI, CP2) describing the performance is undershot.
5. 5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a self-calibration is carried out for the at least one quantum processing unit (QPU) of the quantum computer (QC) if a measure of the at least one state parameter (CP1, CP2) describing the performance is undershot.
6. 6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one state parameter (CP1, CP2) comprises an error rate for respective gate operations.
7. 7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one environmental parameter (EPI, EP2) is varied within a predetermined bandwidth around the respective measured value and the at least one state parameter (CPI, CP2) is determined for each variation.
8. 8. Device (10) for computer-implemented prediction of the performance of a quantum computer (QC) with at least one quantum processing unit (QPU), wherein the at least one quantum processing unit is characterized by respective performance parameters (LP), wherein the device comprises a processor (PR) which is configured to carry out the following steps for a planned operation of the quantum computer at a predetermined location (PL): i) reading in at least one environmental parameter (EPI, EP2), wherein the at least one environmental parameter was recorded with one or more sensors (ESI, ES2), wherein the or the sensors (ESI, ES2) are installed at or in the area of the predetermined location (PL); ii) determining at least one state parameter (CPI, CP2) of the at least one quantum processing unit (QPU) by processing the at least one environmental parameter (EPI, EP2) by a trained data-driven model (MO), wherein the at least one environmental parameter (EPI, EP2) is fed into the trained data-driven model (MO) as digital input information and the trained data-driven model (MO) supplies the at least one state parameter (CPI, CP2) as digital output information, wherein the at least one state parameter (CPI, CP2) describes a performance of the at least one quantum processing unit (QPU).
9. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus is configured to perform a method according to any one of claims 2 to 7.
10. 10. Computer program product with program code stored on a machine-readable medium for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 7 when the program code is executed on a computer.

Description

Description Method and apparatus for computer-implemented Predicting the performance of a quantum computer The invention relates to a method and a device for computer-implemented prediction of the performance of a quantum computer with at least one quantum processing unit, which are characterized by respective performance parameters. Quantum computing represents a new paradigm in data processing that uses the basic principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations. While a conventional computer works with bits, each of which can assume one of two discrete states 0 or 1, a quantum computer uses so-called quantum bits (qubits). A qubit can not only assume one of two quantum states I 0> or | 1>, but also any superposition (linear combination) of these two states. Such a linear combination is also called a superposition or superposition state. Algorithms and applications that use quantum mechanical resources can be simply and efficiently represented by so-called quantum circuits. A quantum circuit is a computational routine that consists of coherent quantum operations on quantum bits. A quantum circuit is executed on a quantum computer and can be supplemented by further instructions on a classical computer. In this case, it is called a hybrid algorithm. Such an algorithm can also be iterative, i.e. consist of repeating classical and quantum components. Quantum circuits enable a quantum processing unit to take in classical information and output a classical solution, with the quantum processing unit using quantum principles such as interference and entanglement to perform the computation. Currently existing quantum computers, which include one or more quantum processing units, use very different technologies to represent qubits and their interactions. Some of the best known technologies are superconducting circuits, ion traps, and photonic circuits. Other approaches are based on neutral atom traps, diamond-based qubits, or quantum dots. The technology chosen to implement the qubits determines the technology needed to control and read the qubits by the quantum processing unit (QPU). While the properties of quantum processing units in terms of the number of qubits and error rates are likely to improve significantly in the future, properties such as coherence time, gate operation time and connectivity are more dependent on the choice of technology used, but can also improve over time. The coherence time describes how long information can be stored and used in a qubit before a so-called decoherence occurs and the stored information is lost. The gate operation time essentially determines the duration of the execution of a quantum circuit. The connectivity describes how many other qubits a particular qubit can directly interact with. While superconducting qubits have short gate operation times in the range of a few nanoseconds, the coherence time before decoherence is comparatively short and lies in the microsecond range. Their connectivity is limited to neighboring Qubits , where in a square lattice geometry a qubit can have at most four neighbors . In contrast, the gate operation times for qubits represented by ion traps are comparatively slow (in the range of microseconds), but these qubits, on the other hand, have a comparatively long coherence time in the range of minutes and an "all-to-all" connectivity. In addition to the differences mentioned, the scalability and thus the costs of implementing a quantum circuit as well as the operating conditions under which respective quantum processing units are operated are also highly dependent on the technology. Different types of quantum processing units can implement different models of quantum computation. For example, quantum computation can be gate-based, measurement-based, or use so-called topological qubits. Quantum computers whose quantum processing units are based on photonic circuits usually use measurement-based quantum computation. The increasing availability and performance of quantum computers make them interesting for various applications. Such applications range from quantum simulation (materials research, catalysts, pharmaceuticals, etc.) to optimization tasks (portfolio allocation, production and logistics) to solving differential equations and machine learning. Currently, the available quantum computers are located almost exclusively in laboratories under controlled environmental conditions, which are supervised by technical experts. The use of the computing power of quantum computers is possible via remote access. There are efforts to install quantum computers in users' premises in the future. install, particularly due to latency requirements ( e . g . in financial applications and real-time optimizations) or for data protection and/or security reasons . In such applications, the quantum computers will presumably be located in data centers or business premises . A practical problem is that quantum computers can easily be perturbed by environme