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EP-4736254-A1 - DETERMINATION OF BATTERY TEMPERATURE AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT LOCATION USING MODELS

EP4736254A1EP 4736254 A1EP4736254 A1EP 4736254A1EP-4736254-A1

Abstract

A method for estimation of temperature distribution of a battery (10) is described. The method is implemented by the battery management system (BMS). The battery has a shell that includes a housing and a cover. The housing and the cover of the shell define an interior space. The method includes determining at least one of a finite element analysis (FEA) and a thermal model and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) thermal model based on at least one temperature value associated with a temperature of the interior space, determining a reduced order model (ROM) based on at least one of the FEA thermal model and the CFD thermal model, and determining a location inside the battery for placement of a battery sensor configurable to measure temperature. The location is determined based upon at least one of the FEA thermal model, the CFD thermal model, and the ROM.

Inventors

  • JIN, ZHIHONG
  • Traisigkhachol, Ornwasa

Assignees

  • CPS Technology Holdings LLC
  • Clarios Germany GmbH & Co. KG

Dates

Publication Date
20260506
Application Date
20240628

Claims (20)

  1. 1. A method for estimation of temperature distribution of a battery (10) comprising a battery management system, BMS, (16), the method being implemented by the BMS (16), the battery (10) having a shell (29) including a housing (12) and a cover (20), the housing (12) and the cover (20) of the shell (29) defining an interior space (31), the method comprising: determining (S100) at least one of a finite element analysis, FEA, thermal model and a computational fluid dynamic, CFD, thermal model based on at least one temperature value associated with a temperature of the interior space (31); determining (S102) a reduced order model, ROM, based on at least one of the FEA thermal model and the CFD thermal model; and determining (SI 04) a location inside the battery (10) for placement of a battery sensor (28) configurable to measure temperature, the location being determined based upon at least one of the FEA thermal model, the CFD thermal model, and the ROM.
  2. 2. The method of Claim 1, wherein the battery (10) further includes a plurality of cells (14) housed within the interior space (31), the at least one temperature value being associated with the temperature of at least one cell (14) of the plurality of cells (14).
  3. 3. The method of any one of Claims 1 and 2, wherein the ROM is further determined based at least on one condition associated with the battery (10), the at least one condition associated with the battery (10) is at least one of the temperature, a pressure, and a humidity.
  4. 4. The method of any one of Claims 1-4, wherein the battery (10) is an absorbent glass mat, AGM, battery having at least one glass mat separator (44) in the interior space (31), and the at least one temperature value is associated with the temperature of the glass mat separator (44).
  5. 5. The method of Claim 4, wherein the location inside the battery (10) for placement of the battery sensor (28) is further based on the temperature of the glass mat separator (44).
  6. 6. The method of any one of the Claims 1-5, wherein the method further includes: performing, by the BMS (16), at least one action based on at least one of the location, the FEA thermal model, the CFD thermal model, and the ROM.
  7. 7. The method of Claim 6, wherein the at least one action includes at least one of: determining at least one of a report, an indication, a configuration, and a message comprising information associated with the location, the sensor, the FEA thermal model, the CFD thermal model, and the ROM; transmitting signaling including at last one of the report, the indication, the configuration, and the message; activating the battery sensor (28); and deactivating the battery sensor (28).
  8. 8. The method of Claim 7, wherein the BMS (16) is configured to communicate with at least one of a server (34) and a vehicle (36), the transmitted signaling triggering at least one of the server (34) and the vehicle (36) to perform at least one other action.
  9. 9. A method for determining a distribution of temperature values inside a battery (10), the battery (10) having a shell (29) defining an interior space (31), with the shell (29) having an outer surface (37) exposed to an exterior environment (33), the battery (10) comprising a plurality of cells (14) housed within the interior space (31), the shell (29) comprising a plurality of apertures (25), the method comprising: inserting (SI 06) a plurality of probes (26) into the interior space (31) of the battery (10) through a plurality of apertures (25), each probe (26) from the plurality of probes (26) having at least one sensor (27) that is configured to measure a temperature of the interior space (31); determining (S108) at least one temperature value associated with at least one sensor (27) on each probe (26) from the plurality of probes (26); determining (SI 10) at least one of a finite element analysis, FEA, thermal model and a computational fluid dynamic, CFD, thermal model based on the at least one temperature value and an exterior environment temperature; determining (SI 12) a reduced order model, ROM, based on at least one of the FEA thermal model and the CFD thermal model; and determining (SI 14) a location inside the battery (10) for placement of a battery sensor (28) configurable to measure temperature based upon at least one of the FEA thermal model, the CFD thermal model, and the ROM.
  10. 10. The method of Claim 9, wherein the ROM is further determined based at least on one condition associated with the battery (10), the at least one condition associated with the battery (10) is at least one of the temperature, a pressure, and a humidity.
  11. 11. The method of any one of Claims 9 and 10, wherein the plurality of probes (26) comprises nine separate probes (26).
  12. 12. The method of any one of Claims 9-11, wherein each probe (26) is inserted into a different cell (14) of the battery (10).
  13. 13. The method of any one of Claims 9-12, the method further comprising: performing, by each sensor (27), one or more measurements of the at least one temperature value inside the battery (10).
  14. 14. The method of any one of Claims 9-13, the method further comprising: transmitting an indication indicating the measurement of the at least one temperature value associated with at least one sensor (27) on each probe (26) from the plurality of probes (26).
  15. 15. The method of any one of Claims 9-14, wherein the measuring at least one temperature value associated with the at least one sensor (27) on each probe (26) from the plurality of probes (26) further includes measuring a plurality of temperature values associated with the at least one sensor (27) on each probe (26) from the plurality of probes (26) over a twenty-four hour period.
  16. 16. The method of any one of Claims 9-15, wherein the battery (10) is an absorbent glass mat, AGM, battery having at least one glass mat separator (44) in the interior space (31), and the method further includes: inserting one probe (26) from the plurality of probes (26) into the interior space (31) of the battery (10) through one aperture (25) from the plurality of apertures (25), the corresponding sensor (27) being placed proximate to the at least one glass mat separator (44) and being arranged to measure the temperature of the glass mat separator (44).
  17. 17. The method of Claim 16, wherein the location inside the battery (10) for placement of the battery sensor (28) is further based on the temperature of the glass mat separator (44).
  18. 18. A battery (10) comprising : a battery management system, BMS (16); a shell (29) defining an interior space (31); a plurality of cells (14) housed within the interior space (31); and at least one sensor (28) in communication with the BMS (16), the at least one sensor (28) having a location within the battery (10) that is based upon at least one of a finite element analysis, FEA, thermal model, a computational fluid dynamic, CFD, thermal model, and a reduced order model, ROM, at least one of the FEA thermal model and the CFD thermal model being based on the at least one temperature value, the ROM being based on at least one of the FEA thermal model and the CFD thermal model, the at least one temperature value being associated with a temperature of the interior space (31) associated with at least one cell (14) from the plurality of cells (14).
  19. 19. The battery (10) of Claim 18, wherein the at least one sensor (28) includes a first sensor (28) and a second sensor (28), the first sensor (28) being associated with a first sensor location within the interior space (31), the second sensor (28) being associated with a second sensor location within the interior space (31).
  20. 20. The battery (10) of Claim 19, wherein the BMS (16) is configured to: obtain a first configuration comprising the FEA thermal model, the CFD, the ROM, and location information corresponding to the first sensor (28); obtain a second configuration comprising the FEA thermal model, the CFD, the ROM, and location information corresponding to the second sensor (28); and activate at least one of the first sensor (28) and the second sensor (28) based on the first configuration and the second configuration.

Description

DETERMINATION OF BATTERY TEMPERATURE AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT LOCATION USING MODELS TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to energy storage units such as batteries, and in particular to battery management systems. More particularly, this disclosure relates to a system and a method for determining a temperature or other parameter of a battery. Also described are related systems and methods. BACKGROUND Batteries are an essential part of many devices, including motor vehicles. Motor vehicles are typically equipped with one or more batteries, e.g., a lead acid battery, used to both start the vehicle’s motor as well as to power the other systems of the vehicle, e.g., charging system, operation while running, lighting, accessories, etc. Reliability of batteries generally depends on the battery health, i.e., condition of the battery. However, many typical batteries do not provide information about battery health, e.g., usable to predict battery health degradation, potential failures, etc. In other words, many typical batteries degrade over time and fail suddenly (e.g., fail to provide requisite power) without warning to the user/owner of the battery. Accordingly, real-time battery reliability/condition is unknown to the user/owner, and the user/owner cannot take actions to prevent potential battery failures. Vehicles, including but not limited to cars, trucks, boats, motorcycles, and recreational vehicles rely on batteries to provide power to the vehicle. The battery may also be used in a vehicle to provide power to auxiliary features including alarm systems, keyless entry, computer systems in the vehicle, lights, as well as other vehicle components. Since many typical batteries do not provide information about battery health, the battery can sometimes fail suddenly and create safety issues as well as other hazards when the battery is being used. Batteries which are used with a vehicle may be exposed to adverse environmental elements including temperature, humidity, rain, and wind and these adverse environmental elements may impact the condition of the battery. For example, over time, these environmental elements can cause the battery to deteriorate and/or cause damage to the battery which may result in the battery unexpectedly failing. While the failure may seemingly be without warning and occur instantly, it is possible that there was a gradual, but unobserved, deterioration in one or more battery components. Even under typical operating conditions, batteries can also be impacted by unexpected and/or unforeseen conditions that are in and around the battery as well. As a result, batteries used in vehicles can unexpectedly fail and/or be seen by the user as unreliable with the exposure of the battery to adverse environmental elements and expected and/or unforeseen conditions. SUMMARY Some embodiments advantageously provide a method, apparatus, and system for determining and/or communicating, such as via a battery management system (BMS), one or more parameters associated with a battery. The battery parameters may be associated with one or more battery states and/or used to determine (and/or diagnose and/or forecast) one or more battery states and/or other parameters. Determining one or more battery states may include determining optimized states, state of health (SoH), abuse/faults associated with the battery, e.g., to keep the battery in one or more optimized states, communicate parameters and/or other determinations such as when a preventive battery replacement is suggested (and/or necessary). Such determinations are beneficial at least because the user (and/or owner and/or manufacturer) of the battery may be informed of battery parameters/states and avoid unexpected battery failures. In some embodiments, a location of a temperature sensor associated with a battery is determined using one or more models. The models may be based on temperature measurement data which may be collected in a testing environment. According to one aspect, a method for estimation of temperature distribution of a battery is described. The battery includes a battery management system (BMS). The method is implemented by the BMS. The battery has a shell including a housing and a cover. The housing and the cover of the shell define an interior space. The method includes determining at least one of a finite element analysis (FEA) thermal model and a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) thermal model based on at least one temperature value associated with a temperature of the interior space. The method also includes determining a reduced order model (ROM) based on at least one of the FEA thermal model and the CFD thermal model, and determining a location inside the battery for placement of a battery sensor configurable to measure temperature. The location is determined based upon at least one of the FEA thermal model, the CFD thermal model, and the ROM. In some embodiments, the battery further includes a plurality of cells housed within th