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EP-4737455-A1 - COMPOUND CONTAINING MULTI-FUSED RING STRUCTURE

EP4737455A1EP 4737455 A1EP4737455 A1EP 4737455A1EP-4737455-A1

Abstract

The present invention is in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, and relates to a compound containing a multi-fused ring structure, specifically to a compound of formula (I), a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a preparation method therefor, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and a use thereof in the preparation of a drug for treating diabetes or obesity-related diseases.

Inventors

  • LIU, BAOMIN
  • ZHU, YAN
  • HU, Jinfa
  • HUANG, YU

Assignees

  • Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.

Dates

Publication Date
20260506
Application Date
20240628

Claims (20)

  1. A compound of formula (I), a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X 1 and X 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C and N; Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of CH, C, and N; R 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 11-15 cycloalkyl, C 11-15 aryl, 11- to 15-membered heteroaryl, and 11- to 15-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C 11-15 cycloalkyl, C 11-15 aryl, 11- to 15-membered heteroaryl, or 11- to 15-membered heterocyclyl is a tricyclic group, and the C 11-15 cycloalkyl, C 11-15 aryl, 11- to 15-membered heteroaryl, or 11- to 15-membered heterocyclyl may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 3-7 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 7-membered heterocyclyl, wherein R 1 is substituted with one C 2-4 alkynyl, R 1 may further be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a , and the C 2-4 alkynyl may be optionally substituted with one or more R b ; R a is each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, =O, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, -OH, -CN, NH 2 , -COOH, C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, or C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c1 , and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d1 ; R 2 is each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -CN, NH 2 , -COOH, C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, or C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c2 , and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d2 ; or, R 2 on two adjacent carbon atoms, together with the carbon atoms connected thereto, form C 4-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C 4-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d3 ; R 3 is each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, -OH, -CN, NH 2 , -COOH, C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, or C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c3 , and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d4 ; R 4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -CN, NH 2 , -COOH, C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, and C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene, wherein the C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, or C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c4 ; R 5 is each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -OH, -SH, -NH 2 , C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene, C 1-6 alkylthio, -CONH 2 , -CONHC 1-3 alkyl, -NHCOC 1-3 alkyl, -SO 2 NH 2 , -SO 2 NHC 1-3 alkyl, and -NHSO 2 C 1-3 alkyl, wherein the C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene, C 1-6 alkylthio, -CONH 2 , -CONHC 1-3 alkyl, -NHCOC 1-3 alkyl, - SO 2 NH 2 , -SO 2 NHC 1-3 alkyl, or -NHSO 2 C 1-3 alkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c5 ; R' and R" are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, -CN, -OH, -SH, -NH 2 , C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene, C 1-6 alkylthio, -CONH 2 , - CONHC 1-3 alkyl, -NHCOC 1-3 alkyl, -SO 2 NH 2 , -SO 2 NHC 1-3 alkyl, and -NHSO 2 C 1-3 alkyl, wherein the C 1-6 alkyl NH-, (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 N-, C 1-6 alkyl, deuterated C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene, C 1-6 alkylthio, -CONH 2 , -CONHC 1-3 alkyl, -NHCOC 1-3 alkyl, -SO 2 NH 2 , -SO 2 NHC 1-3 alkyl, or -NHSO 2 C 1-3 alkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c6 ; or, R' and R", together with the carbon atom connected thereto, form C 3-6 cycloalkyl or 3- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein the C 3-6 cycloalkyl or 3- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d5 ; " " is each independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond and a double bond; R b is each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH 2 , C 1-3 alkyl, and C 1-3 alkoxy, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 alkoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, and NH 2 ; R c1 , R c2 , R c3 , R c4 , R c5 , and R c6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, -CN, -OH, and -NH 2 ; R d1 , R d2 , R d3 , R d4 , and R d5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, -CN, - OH, =O, -NH 2 , C 1-3 alkyl, and C 1-3 alkoxy, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 alkoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, and NH 2 ; q is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.
  2. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 11-15 aryl and 11- to 15-membered heteroaryl, wherein the C 11-15 aryl or 11- to 15-membered heteroaryl is a tricyclic group, and the C 11-15 aryl or 11- to 15-membered heteroaryl may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo C 7-11 fused bicycloalkyl, benzo 7- to 11-membered fused heterobicyclyl, benzo 7- to 11-membered fused heterobiaryl, pyridino C 7-11 fused bicycloalkyl, pyridino 7- to 11-membered fused heterobicyclyl, pyridino 7- to 11-membered fused heterobiaryl, pyrimido C 7-11 fused bicycloalkyl, pyrimido 7- to 11-membered fused heterobicyclyl, pyrimido 7- to 11-membered fused heterobiaryl, pyridazino C 7-11 fused bicycloalkyl, pyridazino 7- to 11-membered fused heterobicycloalkyl, pyridazino 7- to 11-membered fused heterobiaryl, pyrazino C 7-11 fused bicycloalkyl, pyrazino 7- to 11-membered fused heterobicycloalkyl, pyrazino 7- to 11-membered fused heterobiaryl, benzo C 7-11 spiro bicycloalkyl, benzo C 7-11 spiro heterobicyclyl, pyridino C 7-11 spiro bicycloalkyl, pyridino C 7-11 spiro heterobicyclyl, pyrimido C 7-11 spiro bicycloalkyl, pyrimido C 7-11 spiro heterobicyclyl, pyridazino C 7-11 spiro bicycloalkyl, pyridazino C 7-11 spiro heterobicyclyl, pyrazino C 7-11 spiro bicycloalkyl, and pyrazino C 7-11 spiro heterobicyclyl, wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo C 7-9 fused bicycloalkyl, benzo 7- to 9-membered fused heterobicyclyl, benzo 7- to 9-membered fused heterobiaryl, pyridino C 7-9 fused bicycloalkyl, pyridino 7- to 9-membered fused heterobicyclyl, pyridino 7- to 9-membered fused heterobiaryl, pyrimido C 7-9 fused bicycloalkyl, pyrimido 7- to 9-membered fused heterobicyclyl, pyrimido 7- to 9-membered fused heterobiaryl, pyridazino C 7-9 fused bicycloalkyl, pyridazino 7- to 9-membered fused heterobicycloalkyl, pyridazino 7- to 9-membered fused heterobiaryl, pyrazino C 7-9 fused bicycloalkyl, pyrazino 7- to 9-membered fused heterobicycloalkyl, pyrazino 7- to 9-membered fused heterobiaryl, benzo C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, benzo C 7-9 spiro heterobicyclyl, pyridino C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, pyridino C 7-9 spiro heterobicyclyl, pyrimido C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, pyrimido C 7-9 spiro heterobicyclyl, pyridazino C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, pyridazino C 7-9 spiro heterobicyclyl, pyrazino C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, and pyrazino C 7-9 spiro heterobicyclyl, wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo 7- to 9-membered fused heterobicyclyl, benzo 7- to 9-membered fused heterobiaryl, benzo C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, benzo C 7-9 spiro heterobicyclyl, and pyridino C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo 7- to 9-membered fused heterobicyclyl, benzo 7- to 9-membered fused heterobiaryl, benzo C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, benzo C 7-9 spiro heterobicyclyl, and pyridino C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, wherein in R 1 , the ring connected to the structural unit is a benzene ring or a pyridine ring, and R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo 7- to 9-membered fused heterobicyclyl, benzo C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, and benzo C 7-9 spiro heterobicyclyl, wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo 7- to 9-membered fused heterobicyclyl, benzo C 7-9 spiro bicycloalkyl, and benzo C 7-9 spiro heterobicyclyl, wherein in R 1 , the ring connected to the structural unit is a benzene ring, and R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo 5-membered heteroaryl fused 5-membered heterocyclyl, benzo 5-membered heteroaryl fused 6-membered heterocyclyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl fused 5-membered heteroaryl, benzo 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl spiro 4-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 4-membered heterocyclyl, pyridino 5-membered heteroaryl fused 5-membered cycloalkyl, and pyridino 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo 5-membered heteroaryl fused 5-membered heterocyclyl, benzo 5-membered heteroaryl fused 6-membered heterocyclyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl fused 5-membered heteroaryl, benzo 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl spiro 4-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 4-membered heterocyclyl, pyridino 5-membered heteroaryl fused 5-membered cycloalkyl, and pyridino 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, wherein in R 1 , the ring connected to the structural unit is a benzene ring or a pyridine ring, and R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo 5-membered heteroaryl fused 5-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered heteroaryl fused 5-membered heterocyclyl, benzo 5-membered heteroaryl fused 6-membered heterocyclyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl fused 5-membered heteroaryl, benzo 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl spiro 4-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 4-membered heterocyclyl, and pyridino 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo 5-membered heteroaryl fused 5-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered heteroaryl fused 5-membered heterocyclyl, benzo 5-membered heteroaryl fused 6-membered heterocyclyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl fused 5-membered heteroaryl, benzo 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl spiro 4-membered cycloalkyl, benzo 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 4-membered heterocyclyl, and pyridino 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, wherein in R 1 , the ring connected to the structural unit is a benzene ring or a pyridine ring, and R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl and benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of benzo 5-membered cycloalkyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl and benzo 5-membered heterocyclyl spiro 3-membered cycloalkyl, wherein in R 1 , the ring connected to the structural unit is a benzene ring, and R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from wherein R 1 may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein R 1 is substituted with one C 2-4 alkynyl, R 1 may further be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a , and the C 2-4 alkynyl may be optionally substituted with one or more R b ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, and pyridazinyl, wherein R 1 is substituted with one C 2-4 alkynyl, R 1 may further be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a , and the C 2-4 alkynyl may be optionally substituted with one or more R b ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and pyridinyl, wherein R 1 is substituted with one C 2-4 alkynyl, R 1 may further be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a , and the C 2-4 alkynyl may be optionally substituted with one or more R b ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and pyridinyl, wherein R 1 is substituted with one ethynyl or propynyl, R 1 may further be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a , and the ethynyl or propynyl may be optionally substituted with one or more R b ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and pyridinyl, wherein R 1 is substituted with one ethynyl or 1-propynyl, R 1 may further be optionally independently substituted with one or more R a , and the ethynyl or propynyl may be optionally substituted with one or more R b ; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and pyridinyl, wherein R 1 is substituted with one ethynyl or propynyl, R 1 may further be optionally independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of F and methyl, and the ethynyl or propynyl may be optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 methoxy; or, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and pyridinyl, wherein R 1 is substituted with one 1-propynyl, R 1 may further be optionally independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 F, and the 1-propynyl may be optionally substituted with 1 methoxy.
  3. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R a is each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, =O, deuterated C 1-5 alkyl, - OH, -CN, NH 2 , C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the deuterated C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-5 alkoxy, or C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-3 alkylene is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c1 , and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d1 ; R b is each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH 2 , methyl, ethyl, methoxy, and ethoxy, wherein the methyl, ethyl, methoxy, or ethoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, and NH 2 ; or, R a is each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, =O, deuterated C 1-3 alkyl, -OH, -CN, NH 2 , C 1-3 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-3 alkoxy, C 1-3 alkoxymethylene, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 5-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the deuterated C 1-3 alkyl, C 1-3 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-3 alkoxy, or C 1-3 alkoxymethylene is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c1 , and the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3- to 5-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d1 ; or, R a is each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, =O, deuterated C 1-3 alkyl, C 1-3 alkyl, and C 3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the deuterated C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 alkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c1 , and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d1 ; or, R a is each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, =O, -CD 3 , -C 2 D 5 , -OH, -CN, methyl, ethyl, propyl, ethenyl, propenyl, ethynyl, propynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, methoxymethylene, ethoxymethylene, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and phenyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, propyl, ethenyl, propenyl, ethynyl, propynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, methoxymethylene, or ethoxymethylene is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c1 , and the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or phenyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d1 ; or, R a is each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, =O, -CD 3 , -C 2 D 5 , -OH, -CN, methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxymethylene, ethoxymethylene, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopentyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxymethylene, or ethoxymethylene is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c1 , and the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d1 ; or, R a is each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, =O, -CD 3 , -C 2 D 5 , methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopentyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, or propyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c1 , and the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d1 ; or, R a is each independently selected from the group consisting of F, methyl, =O, -CD 3 , and cyclopropyl; or, R a is each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl and =O; or, R a is each independently selected from the group consisting of F and methyl; or, R b is each independently selected from C 1-3 alkoxy, wherein the C 1-3 alkoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, and NH 2 ; or, R b is each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, and methoxy; or, R b is each independently selected from methoxy.
  4. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein R 2 is each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -CN, C 1-5 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-5 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C 1-5 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, or C 1-5 alkoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c2 , and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d2 ; or, R 2 is each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -CN, C 1-3 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-3 alkoxy, C 3-5 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 5-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, or C 1-3 alkoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c2 , and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d2 ; or, R 2 is each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-3 alkyl, and C 3-5 cycloalkyl, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c2 , and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d2 ; or, R 2 is each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopentyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, or propyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c2 , and the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d2 ; or, R 2 is each independently selected from the group consisting of F, methyl, and cyclopropyl, wherein the methyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c2 , and the cyclopropyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d2 ; or, R 2 is each independently selected from the group consisting of F, methyl, and cyclopropyl; or, R 2 on two adjacent carbon atoms, together with the carbon atoms connected thereto, form C 5-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C 5-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d3 ; or, R 2 on two adjacent carbon atoms, together with the carbon atoms connected thereto, form C 5-6 cycloalkyl or 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C 5-6 cycloalkyl or 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d3 ; or, R 2 on two adjacent carbon atoms, together with the carbon atoms connected thereto, form C 5-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the C 5-6 cycloalkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d3 ; or, R 2 on two adjacent carbon atoms, together with the carbon atoms connected thereto, form cyclopentyl, pyrrolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, or tetrahydrothienyl, wherein the cyclopentyl, pyrrolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, or tetrahydrothienyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d3 ; or, R 2 on two adjacent carbon atoms, together with the carbon atoms connected thereto, form cyclopentyl, wherein the cyclopentyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d3 ; or, R 2 on two adjacent carbon atoms, together with the carbon atoms connected thereto, form cyclopentyl.
  5. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein one of X 1 and X 2 is selected from C, and the other is selected from N; Y 1 , Y 2 , and Y 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C and N, and Y 4 is selected from CH; or, at least one of Y 1 , Y 2 , and Y 3 is selected from N, and Y 4 is selected from CH; or, Y 1 is selected from C, Y 2 is selected from N, Y 3 is selected from C, and Y 4 is selected from CH; or, Y 1 is selected from C, Y 2 is selected from C, Y 3 is selected from N, and Y 4 is selected from CH; or, Y 1 is selected from N, Y 2 is selected from C, Y 3 is selected from C, and Y 4 is selected from CH.
  6. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein R 3 is each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, C 1-3 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, or C 2-4 alkynyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c3 , and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d4 ; R 4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, - CN, C 1-3 alkyl, deuterated C 1-3 alkyl, and C 1-3 alkoxy, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl, deuterated C 1-3 alkyl, or C 1-3 alkoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c4 ; R 5 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, C 1-3 alkyl, deuterated C 1-3 alkyl, and C 1-3 alkoxy, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl, deuterated C 1-3 alkyl, or C 1-3 alkoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c5 ; or, R 3 is each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, and C 1-3 alkyl, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c3 ; or, R 3 is each independently selected from C 1-3 alkyl, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c3 ; or, R 3 is each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopentyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, or propyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c3 , and the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d4 ; or, R 3 is each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and propyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, or propyl is optionally substituted with one or more R c3 ; or, R 3 is selected from methyl; or, R 4 is selected from the group consisting of H and C 1-3 alkyl, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c4 ; or, R 4 is selected from the group consisting of H and methyl, wherein the methyl is optionally substituted with one or more R c4 ; or, R 4 is selected from the group consisting of H and methyl; or, R 4 is selected from H; or, R 4 is selected from methyl; or, R 5 is selected from C 1-3 alkyl, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c5 ; or, R 5 is selected from methyl.
  7. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein R' and R" are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -CN, C 1-3 alkyl, deuterated C 1-3 alkyl, and C 1-3 alkoxy, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl, deuterated C 1-3 alkyl, or C 1-3 alkoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c6 ; or, R' and R" are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and C 1-3 alkyl, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R c6 ; or, R' and R" are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and methyl, wherein the methyl is optionally substituted with one or more R c6 ; or, R' and R" are selected from methyl; or, R' and R", together with the carbon atom connected thereto, form C 3-4 cycloalkyl or 3- to 4-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein the C 3-4 cycloalkyl or 3- to 4-membered heterocycloalkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d5 ; or, R' and R", together with the carbon atom connected thereto, form cyclopropyl, wherein the cyclopropyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more R d5 ; or, R' and R", together with the carbon atom connected thereto, form cyclopropyl.
  8. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein q is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3; or, q is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, and 3; or, q is selected from 2; or, q is selected from 3; optionally, m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3; or, m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, and 2; or, m is selected from 0; or, m is selected from 1; optionally, n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3; or, n is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, and 3; or, n is selected from 1.
  9. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein R c1 , R c2 , R c3 , R c4 , R c5 , and R c6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -OH, and -NH 2 ; or, R c1 , R c2 , R c3 , R c4 , R c5 , and R c6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F, -CN, -OH, and -NH 2 ; or, R c1 , R c2 , R c3 , R c4 , R c5 , and R c6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F and OH; or, R c1 , R c2 , R c3 , R c4 , R c5 , and R c6 are each independently selected from F; optionally, R d1 , R d2 , R d3 , R d4 , and R d5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, - OH, -NH 2 , C 1-3 alkyl, and C 1-3 alkoxy, wherein the C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 alkoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, OH, CN, and NH 2 ; or, R d1 , R d2 , R d3 , R d4 , and R d5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F, -CN, -OH, -NH 2 , methyl, and methoxy, wherein the methyl or methoxy is optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, OH, CN, and NH 2 ; or, R d1 , R d2 , R d3 , R d4 , and R d5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F, -CN, -OH, -NH 2 , methyl, and methoxy; or, R d1 , R d2 , R d3 , R d4 , and R d5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F and methyl; or, R d1 , R d2 , R d3 , R d4 , and R d5 are each independently selected from F.
  10. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-9, being selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas (I-A), (I-B), (I-C), and (I-D), stereoisomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
  11. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-10, being selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas (II-A), (II-B), (II-C), (II-D), (II-E), (II-F), (II-G), (II-H), (II-I), (II-J), (II-K), and (II-L), stereoisomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein, r is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; X is selected from the group consisting of C and N; X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , and X 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C and N; X 7 , X 8 , X 9 , X 10 , and X 11 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C, CH, and N; or, X is selected from C; or, X is selected from N; or, X 3 is selected from N, and X 4 , X 5 , and X 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C and N; or, X 3 and X 6 are selected from N, and X 4 and X 5 are selected from C; or, X 3 and X 4 are selected from N, and X 5 and X 6 are selected from C; or, one of X 7 and X 11 is selected from N, and the other is selected from C; or, X 7 and X 9 are selected from N, and X 11 is selected from C, and X 8 and X 10 are selected from CH; or, r is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, and 2; or, r is selected from the group consisting of 0 and 2.
  12. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-11, being selected from a compound of formula (I'), a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  13. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-12, being selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas (I-A'), (I-B'), (I-C'), and (I-D'), stereoisomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
  14. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-13, being selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas (II-A'), (II-B'), (II-C'), (II-D'), (II-E'), (II-F'), (II-G'), (II-H'), (II-I'), (II-J'), (II-K'), and (II-L'), stereoisomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein, r is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; X is selected from the group consisting of C and N; X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , and X 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C and N; X 7 , X 8 , X 9 , X 10 , and X 11 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C, CH, and N; or, X, X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 8 , X 7 , X 8 , X 9 , X 10 , or X 11 is as defined in the compound of formula (II-D), (II-F), or (II-J) in claim 11.
  15. The compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-14, being selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas (IV-A), (IV-A'), (IV-B'), and (IV-C'), stereoisomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
  16. A compound of one of the following formulas, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  17. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-16, and further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  18. Use of the compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-16 or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 17 for preparing a medicament for treating a GLP-1-associated disease.
  19. A method for treating or preventing a GLP-1-associated disease, comprising administering to a mammal, preferably a human, in need of the treatment a therapeutically effective amount of the compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-16, or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 17.
  20. Use of the compound, the stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-16 or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 17 for treating a GLP-1-associated disease.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present application claims priority to and benefits of the Chinese Patent Application No. 202310802212.0 filed with China National Intellectual Property Administration on Jun. 30, 2023, the Chinese Patent Application No. 202311497217.3 filed with China National Intellectual Property Administration on Nov. 3, 2023, and the Chinese Patent Application No. 202410808056.3 filed with China National Intellectual Property Administration on Jun. 20, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, and relates to a compound containing a polycyclic fused ring structure, a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a preparation method thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and use thereof for preparing a medicament for treating diabetes or obesity-associated diseases. BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose concentrations, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Obesity is considered an important risk factor for T2DM, with approximately 85% of T2DM patients being overweight or obese. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin secreted by L cells in the small intestine when nutrients pass through the digestive tract, and it is known that GLP-1 exhibits a variety of physiological effects through the GLP-1 receptor, such as promoting glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and suppressing food intake. Although GLP-1 analogs have been commercialized as diabetes therapeutic agents and are considered one of the most effective diabetes therapeutic agents due to their effective effects in reducing HbAlc and body weight, they must be administered via subcutaneous injection, resulting in poor patient compliance. Therefore, the development of non-polypeptide small-molecule agonists targeting the GLP-1 receptor to improve patient compliance is of great significance, and has become one of the research hotspots in the field of diabetes. SUMMARY The present application provides a compound of formula (I), a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 and X2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C and N;Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of CH, C, and N;R1 is selected from the group consisting of C11-15 cycloalkyl, C11-15 aryl, 11- to 15-membered heteroaryl, and 11- to 15-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C11-15 cycloalkyl, C11-15 aryl, 11- to 15-membered heteroaryl, or 11- to 15-membered heterocyclyl is a tricyclic group, and the C11-15 cycloalkyl, C11-15 aryl, 11- to 15-membered heteroaryl, or 11- to 15-membered heterocyclyl may be optionally independently substituted with one or more Ra;or, R1 is selected from the group consisting of C3-7 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 7-membered heterocyclyl, wherein R1 is substituted with one C2-4 alkynyl, R1 may further be optionally independently substituted with one or more Ra, and the C2-4 alkynyl may be optionally substituted with one or more Rb;Ra is each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, =O, deuterated C1-6 alkyl, -OH, - CN, NH2, -COOH, C1-6 alkyl NH-, (C1-6 alkyl)2N-, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkoxy C1-3 alkylene, C3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the deuterated C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl NH-, (C1-6 alkyl)2N-, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, or C1-6 alkoxy C1-3 alkylene is optionally independently substituted with one or more Rc1, and the C3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more Rd1,R2 is each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -CN, NH2, -COOH, C1-6 alkyl NH-, (C1-6 alkyl)2N-, C1-6 alkyl, deuterated C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkoxy C1-3 alkylene, C3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C1-6 alkyl NH-, (C1-6 alkyl)2N-, C1-6 alkyl, deuterated C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, or C1-6 alkoxy C1-3 alkylene is optionally independently substituted with one or more Rc2, and the C3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more Rd2;or, R2 on two adjacent carbon atoms, together with the carbon atoms connected thereto, form C4-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C4-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is optionally independently substituted with one o