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EP-4739854-A1 - SYSTEM FOR PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS AND A BUILDING ERECTION METHOD

EP4739854A1EP 4739854 A1EP4739854 A1EP 4739854A1EP-4739854-A1

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a system for prefabricated buildings and a building erection method based on said system. The system of the invention comprises a horizontal and a vertical structure. The horizontal structure comprises a framework and connecting panels fixed to the framework. The framework is based on a virtual grid and consists of any number of grid units of rectangular shape, each grid unit consisting of interconnected connectors and beams. The vertical structure comprises columns, primary wall panels connecting the columns to a wall, and optional auxiliary wall panels and/or filling structures. As the framework is based on a virtual grid, it is possible to horizontally extend a building layout in both the x and y axes by a minimum of one grid unit. At the design stage, the number of grid units that make up the horizontal structure and the necessary structural elements and their number are defined. In this way, a prefabricated building can be made with standardised structural elements and the individual elements are connected to each other in a way that allows their fixing to each other by way of a single screw type.

Inventors

  • PERME, Rok
  • ZRIMSEK, Tim

Assignees

  • Atekt d.o.o.

Dates

Publication Date
20260513
Application Date
20240620

Claims (15)

  1. 1. A system for prefabricated buildings comprising a horizontal structure (13) and a vertical structure (14) placed on top of the horizontal structure (13), characterized in that the horizontal structure (13) comprises a framework (9) and connecting panels (5) fixed to the framework (9), the framework (9) comprising connectors (1), base beams (2), auxiliary beams (3) and fixing means, the base beams (2) comprising primary base beams (2A) and secondary base beams (2B) and the framework (9) consisting of any number of grid units of rectangular shape, a grid unit comprising a connecting element (10) in each of its corners, respective two adjacent connecting elements (10) being connected to each other by a connecting structure (11), the connecting elements (10) being formed as a windmill comprising a connector (1) in the shape of an upright cuboid in its centre with a square as its base, the circumferential face of the connector (1) and simultaneously also the cover face of a next base beam (2) abutting on the side face of each base beam (2) in the connecting element (10), the cover face of the base beam (2) and the corresponding circumferential face of the connector (1) being in the same plane, which holds true for all four base beams (2) which abut on the common connector (1), the connecting structure (11) comprising a portion of the primary base beam (2A) positioned between said two adjacent connecting elements (10), and the auxiliary beam (3) parallel thereto, wherein a respective connecting structure (11), depending on its position in the framework (9), belongs to one or two grid units, and a respective connecting element (10), depending on its position in the framework (9), belongs to one, two, three or four grid units, wherein, depending on the position of a connecting element (10) in the framework (9), the same number of primary base beams (2A) as the number of directly connected adjacent connecting elements (10) or connectors (1) is fixed to the circumferential faces of the connector (1), and secondary base beams (2B) are fixed to the remaining circumferential faces of the connector (1).
  2. 2. The system according to claim 1 , characterized in that a base beam (2) and an auxiliary beam (3) that lie on a common line are alternately installed in adjacent grid units, which means that each base beam (2) is followed by an auxiliary beam (3) in the adjacent grid, and vice versa.
  3. 3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base beams (2) and the auxiliary beams (3) have an identical thickness and height, the height being identical to the height of the connector (1).
  4. 4. The system according to any of preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the grid units are square in shape.
  5. 5. The system according to any of preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a central horizontal gap (4A) is formed in the centre of a grid unit, and that in the connecting structure (11) a boundary horizontal gap (4B) is formed between a portion of the primary base beam (2A) positioned between two adjacent connecting elements (10) and the auxiliary beam (3) parallel thereto.
  6. 6. The system according to any of preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least individual primary base beams (2A) and individual auxiliary beams (3) comprise at least a respective hole for a free arrangement of installation systems.
  7. 7. The system according to any of preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that connecting panels (5) abut on the bottom and lower sides of the framework (9), the primary connecting panels (5A) being fixed to the upper and bottom sides of the framework (9) in a way that each subsequent primary connecting panel (5A) is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the previous primary connecting panel (5A), the longer side of the primary connecting panel (5A) is perpendicular with respect to the longer side of a subsequent, second primary connecting panel (5A) in x and y directions in the same plane, and the primary connecting panels (5A) on the bottom side of the framework (9) being also mutually rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the primary connecting panels (5A) on the upper side of the framework (9).
  8. 8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that a respective primary connecting panel (5A) covers with its larger face a corresponding central horizontal gap (4A) and two opposite boundary horizontal gaps (4B), when installed, the secondary connecting panels (5B) cover with its larger face the remaining boundary horizontal gaps (4B) and the tertiary connecting panels (5C) are installed at locations where installation of a column (6) is not foreseen.
  9. 9. The system according to any of preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the vertical structure (14) comprises columns (6) and primary wall panels (7 A) that connect the columns (6) to a wall, the column (6) having the shape of an upright rectangular cuboid having a square for its base, each column (6) abutting with its base onto a part of the upper or bottom face of a corresponding connecting element (10), wherein a primary wall panel (7 A) is fixed to at least one circumferential face of each respective column (6) in the wall, namely an equal number of primary wall panels (7 A) is fixed to corresponding circumferential faces of a column (6) as is the number of adjacent columns (6) which are directly connected to a wall, wherein vertical gaps (8) are formed in the wall between the columns (6).
  10. 10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that the column (6) comprises on the upper side a connector (1) which, after the installation, represents a portion of the framework (9) of the upper horizontal structure (13), the connector (1) and the column (6) being integrally formed of one piece, and the column (6) being provided at its bottom side with a hole that is foreseen for the insertion of a fixing element and its fixing, which fixes the column (6) to the connector (1) which is not part of the column (6), the fixing element being a threaded rod and its fixing is done by a nut.
  11. 11. The system according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the vertical structure (14) further comprises auxiliary wall panels (7B) fixed to the remaining free circumferential surfaces of the columns (6), the primary wall panels (7 A) and the auxiliary wall panels (7B) abutting on the column (6) in the form of a windmill, so, each primary wall panel (7 A) or auxiliary wall panel (7B) which abuts with a portion of its side face onto a corresponding circumferential face of the column (6), abuts with its cover face onto a side face of either the primary wall panel (7 A) or the auxiliary wall panel (7B), which is fixed to a next circumferential face of the common column (6).
  12. 12. The system according to claims 9 to 11 , characterized in that the primary wall panels (7 A), the auxiliary wall panels (7B) have an identical height and thickness and that all columns (6) have an identical height and the height of the column (6) is equal to the sum of the height of the primary wall panel (7 A) or the auxiliary wall panel (7B) and double the thickness of the connecting panel (5).
  13. 13. The system according to any of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the vertical gaps (8) that are formed in the vertical structure (14) are filled by a filling structure, the filling structure comprising a filling panel (8A) fixed on the upper and bottom sides to two horizontal spacers (8B) and on the left and right sides to two vertical spacers (8C), such that the spacers (8B, 8C) form a frame closed at one side by a filling panel (8A).
  14. 14. A building erection method of the system according to claims 1 to 12, the erection being carried out on site, characterized by comprising the following steps: - assembly of the framework (9) of the bottom horizontal structure (13), wherein the base beams (2) are fixed to the connectors (1) and connected to a grid structure; - fixing the auxiliary beams (3) and fixing the connecting panels (5) to the bottom side of the beams (2, 3), laying installation systems over the framework (9) and fixing the connecting panels (5) to the upper side of the beams (2, 3), wherein holes for the arrangement of installation systems are optionally simultaneously made into individual connecting panels (5); - installation of columns (6) to the bottom horizontal structure (13) at foreseen locations, the columns (6) comprising a connector (1) on its upper side and a hole on its bottom side, each column (6) being fixed to the corresponding connector (1) of the bottom horizontal structure (13) by way of a threaded rod and a nut; - installation of the upper framework (9), wherein individual structural elements of the framework (9) are either progressively installed at a height by fixing the base beams (2) directly to the connectors (1) which are part of the columns (6); - arrangement of installation systems through the vertical structure (14) and the upper horizontal structure (13), fixing the connecting panels (5) to both sides of the upper framework (9) and making holes for the installations at adequate spots in the connecting panels (5); - fixing the wall panels (7) to respective columns (6) to form walls.
  15. 15. Method according to claim 14, characterized by the method further comprising fabrication and insertion of filling structures according to claim 13 into the vertical gaps (8).

Description

System for prefabricated buildings and a building erection method The subject of the invention is a system for prefabricated buildings and a building erection method based on said system. The system and the erection method are suitable for erecting various types of buildings, such as residential, commercial, or office buildings. Preferably, the system for buildings and the building erection method of the invention are used for the erection of single-storey or two-storey buildings. The system of the invention comprises a horizontal and a vertical structure. The horizontal structure comprises a framework and horizontal connecting panels fixed to the framework. The framework is based on a virtual grid and consists of any number of grid units of rectangular shape, each grid unit consisting of interconnected connectors and beams. The virtual grid is defined at the design stage, wherein the virtual grid is used as a basis to determine the number of grid units that make up the horizontal structure and, in addition, to define the necessary structural elements and their number. The vertical structure comprises columns, wall panels connecting the columns to a wall, and optional auxiliary wall panels and/or filling structures. As the framework is based on a virtual grid, it is possible to horizontally extend a building layout in both the x and y axes by a minimum of one grid unit. Horizontal building outline can therefore comprise any number of grid units in the x and y directions and may also comprise openings, e.g. for the installation of a staircase. This makes the shape of the horizontal building outline freely flexible and is not limited to a rectangular shape. The horizontal and vertical structures, with respective structural elements, allow for the fabrication of a prefabricated building system with standardised structural elements. Individual elements are connected to each other in a way that allows their fixing to each other by way of a single fixing means in each structure (horizontal or vertical), e. g. the same screw type. A connector and a column are connected to each other without or with the use of an additional fixing means, e.g. a threaded rod, depending on the design. Both the horizontal and vertical structures and the method of their installation of the invention are carried out in a way that offers a favourable flexibility/prefabrication ratio, thus optimizing the process of a building layout and erection. A small number of required prefabricated structural elements of simple shapes (such as a block) allows for their fabrication on an industrial scale and at low price. When being built in, the structural elements are also connected to a structure based on repeating elements in a virtual grid, which allows a simple and flexible layout and erection of buildings. Numerous ways of layout and erection of buildings are known, which can be divided into flexible or individual and modular ones. Flexible, i.e. individual layouts, require the use of a large number of customised structural elements, which complicates and prolongs the process of designing, fabricating and erecting buildings. On the other hand, modular layouts include a smaller number of structural elements which are prefabricated but have a more limited flexibility. There are also solutions somewhere in-between where modularity and flexibility are usually mutually exclusive; that is, the more flexibility we want, the more complex the layout and erection will be, and the more different types of structural elements will be needed. One of the solutions that includes prefabricated elements for building erection is disclosed in CN210917711 U. The document discloses a system for buildings and a method for its erection that comprises prefabricated structural elements, such as foundations, connectors, connecting elements that connect columns and beams, columns, wall panels and roof elements. The beams are arranged into a framework that connects individual connectors. The connectors are provided with ribs, into which the beams fit. An additional connecting element is fixed to the beams, which enables fixation of a vertical column. The described system for buildings and the erection method are relatively simple but comprise elements of complex shapes fabricated from a variety of materials (e.g. concrete, steel). The flexibility of the system is also rather limited. DE440761 C describes beams interconnected by pins and fixing means to form a structural grid structure, and interconnected at a single point of intersection to form a connecting element in which the beams are offset from each other so that each beam abuts on the side face of an adjacent beam. DE556280C describes a similar solution to interconnecting individual beams, which describes an additional custom- made shape of the end sections of the beams, which are interconnected with other beams in a common connecting element. In both solutions, the end sections of the beams must be adapted to all