EP-4740062-A1 - OPTICS-INTEGRATED CONFINEMENT APPARATUS INCLUDING POLARIZATION CONTROLLING OPTICAL ELEMENTS

Abstract

An optics-integrated confinement apparatus is provided. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus includes a first substrate, a plurality of electrical components formed on the first substrate, and an on-chip beam delivery system. The plurality of electrical components define a confinement apparatus configured/ operable to confine one or more quantum objects. The on-chip beam delivery system includes a waveguide, a coupler, and an optical element. The coupler is configured to couple an optical beam out of the waveguide and toward the optical element. The optical element is configured to modify a polarization of the optical beam and direct the optical beam toward a target location defined by the optics-integrated confinement apparatus.

Inventors

• OLLANIK, Adam Jay
• ERTSGAARD, Christopher T.
• BOHN, MATTHEW J.
• GILBRETH, Christopher Newman

Assignees

• Quantinuum LLC

Dates

Publication Date

20260513

Application Date

20240628

Claims (20)

1. 1. An optics-integrated confinement apparatus comprising: a first substrate; a plurality of electrical components formed on the first substrate, wherein the plurality of electrical components define a confinement apparatus configured/operable to confine one or more quantum objects; and an on-chip beam delivery system, the on-chip beam delivery system comprising a waveguide, a coupler, and an optical element, wherein: the coupler is configured to couple an optical beam out of the waveguide and toward the optical element, the optical element is configured to at least one of (a) modify a polarization of the optical beam or (b) direct the optical beam toward a target location defined by the optics- integrated confinement apparatus.
2. 2. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waveguide and the coupler are embedded within one of the first substrate or a second substrate that is secured with respect to the first substrate.
3. 3. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 2, wherein the coupler and the optical element define a beam path from the waveguide to the target location.
4. 4. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 3, wherein the beam path passes through a transparent conductive window disposed on a surface of the one of the first substrate or the second substrate.
5. 5. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 4, wherein the optical element is formed on or in the transparent conductive window.
6. 6. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 4, wherein a portion of the beam path between the transparent conductive window and the target location forms an altitude angle with the surface of the one of the first substrate or second substrate that is in a range of 0 to 180 degrees.
7. 7. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 6, wherein the altitude angle is in a range of 30 to 80 degrees.
8. 8. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 3, wherein a portion of the beam path between the coupler and the optical element defines a coupler-to-element angle and the coupler-to-element angle is in a range of 30 to 80 degrees.
9. 9. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 2, wherein the optical element is embedded within the one of the first substrate or the second substrate.
10. 10. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the optical element is a wave plate, the optical element is configured to modify the polarization of the optical beam by converting the polarization of the optical beam from linear polarization to elliptical or circular polarization, or the optical element is configured to modify the polarization of the optical beam by rotating the polarization of the optical beam to a desired interaction angle.
11. 11. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical element is at least one of (a) a transparent metasurface or (b) a grating coupler.
12. 12. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the coupler comprises at least one of a sub -wavelength scale grating, a wavelength scale grating, or an array of sub- wavelength scale or wavelength scale features.
13. 13. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical element is configured to at least one of (a) control one or more optical properties of the optical beam to cause a desired illumination pattern at the target location or (b) modify the optical axis of the beam exiting the optical element.
14. 14. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical element comprises sub -wavelength or wavelength scale features.
15. 15. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical element is configured to modify the polarization of the optical beam by introducing a phase delay based on the polarization of the optical beam when the optical beam is incident on the optical element.
16. 16. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 15, wherein the optical element is an active optical element such that the phase delay introduced to the optical beam by the optical element is controllable.
17. 17. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical beam is provided to the target location such that the optical beam is incident on at least one quantum object of the one or more quantum objects, the at least one quantum object being located at the target location, to cause a controlled evolution of a quantum state of the at least one quantum object.
18. 18. The optics-integrated confinement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of waveguides, a plurality of couplers, and a plurality of optical elements each configured to define a respective beam path to a respective target location defined by the optics-integrated confinement apparatus.
19. 19. A system comprising: an optics-integrated confinement apparatus comprising: a first substrate; a plurality of electrical components formed on the first substrate, wherein the plurality of electrical components define a confinement apparatus configured/operable to confine one or more quantum objects; and an on-chip beam delivery system, the on-chip beam delivery system comprising a waveguide, a coupler, and an optical element, wherein: the coupler is configured to couple an optical beam out of the waveguide and toward the optical element, the optical element is configured to at least one of (a) modify a polarization of the optical beam or (b) direct the optical beam toward a target location defined by the optics- integrated confinement apparatus; and a controller configured to control one or more voltage sources configured to provide voltage signals to respective electrical components of the plurality of electrical components to cause the confinement apparatus to generate a confining potential configured to confine the plurality of quantum objects.
20. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising: a manipulation source and a pre-chip beam delivery system, wherein the manipulation source is configured to generate optical beam and the pre-chip beam delivery system is configured to provide the optical beam to the waveguide, and wherein the controller is configured to control operation of the manipulation source.

Description

OPTICS-INTEGRATED CONFINEMENT APPARATUS INCLUDING POLARIZATION CONTROLLING OPTICAL ELEMENTS CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 18/734,552, filed June 5, 2024, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/511,946, filed July 5, 2023, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD [0002] Various embodiments relate to a confinement apparatus with integrated optics. An example embodiment relates to an optics-integrated confinement apparatus including a polarization controlling optical element. BACKGROUND [0003] When using an ion trap to perform quantum computing, gates and other functions of the quantum computer are performed by applying laser beams to ions contained within the ion trap. Delivering these laser beams to a large-scale quantum computer is a significant challenge due to the low ion height above the trap, the Rayleigh range of the laser beams, and the amount of laser power that needs to be delivered to an ion within the trap to perform the functions of the quantum computer. Through applied effort, ingenuity, and innovation many deficiencies of prior laser beam application techniques have been solved by developing solutions that are structured in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, many examples of which are described in detail herein. BRIEF SUMMARY OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS [0004] Example embodiments provide optics-integrated confinement apparatuses, systems including optics-integrated confinement apparatuses, controllers configured to control operation of various aspects of systems including optics-integrated confinement apparatuses, and/or the like. In various embodiments, an optics-integrated confinement apparatus comprises a plurality of electrical components formed on a substrate. The electrical components define a confinement apparatus configured to confine one or more quantum objects. For example, the electrical components are operable to generate a confining potential configured to confine one or more quantum objects. The optics- integrated confinement apparatus further includes one or more on- chip beam delivery systems configured to provide optical property-controlled optical beam and/or beams to one respective target locations defined by the optics-integrated confinement apparatus. For example, each of the one or more on-chip beam delivery systems includes a respective optical element configured to control polarization of optical beam provided by the respective optical element toward the target location. [0005] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an optics-integrated confinement apparatus is provided. In an example embodiment, the optics-integrated confinement apparatus includes a substrate; a plurality of electrical components formed on the substrate, and an on-chip beam delivery system. The plurality of electrical components define a confinement apparatus configured/operable to confine one or more quantum objects. The on-chip beam delivery system includes a waveguide, a coupler, and an optical element. The coupler is configured to couple an optical beam out of the waveguide and toward the optical element. The optical element is configured to modify a polarization of the optical beam and direct the optical beam toward a target location defined by the optics-integrated confinement apparatus. [0006] In an example embodiment, the waveguide and the coupler are embedded within the substrate. [0007] In an example embodiment, the coupler and the optical element define a beam path from the waveguide to the target location. [0008] In an example embodiment, the beam path passes through a transparent conductive window disposed on a surface of the substrate. [0009] In an example embodiment, the optical element is formed on or in the transparent conductive window. [0010] In an example embodiment, a portion of the beam path between the transparent conductive window and the target location forms an altitude angle with the surface of the substrate that is greater than 0 degrees and up to 90 degrees. [0011] In an example embodiment, the altitude angle is in a range of 30 to 80 degrees. [0012] In an example embodiment, a portion of the beam path between the coupler and the optical element defines a coupler-to-element angle and the coupler-to- element angle is in a range of 30 to 80 degrees. [0013] In an example embodiment, the optical element is embedded within the substrate. [0014] In an example embodiment, the optical element is a wave plate. [0015] In an example embodiment, the optical element is configured to modify the polarization of the optical beam by converting the polarization of the optical beam from linear polarization to elliptical polarization. [0016] In an example embodiment, the optical element is configured to modify the polarization of the optical beam by rotating the polarization of the optical beam to a desired interaction