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EP-4740774-A1 - HEADGUARD FOR PROTECTING THE HEAD OF A USER FROM IMPACT FORCES

EP4740774A1EP 4740774 A1EP4740774 A1EP 4740774A1EP-4740774-A1

Abstract

A headguard for protecting a head of a user from impact forces includes an inner layer defining an interior space that is occupied by the user's head, an outer layer joined to the inner layer and forming at least one chamber therebetween, and a plurality of separate and distinct dampers. At least one damper is at least partially disposed in the chamber. Each damper extends into the interior space along a respective longitudinal axis. Each respective damper has a fixed outer end disposed at a fixed position relative to the outer layer and a free inner end disposed longitudinally opposite the fixed outer end in the interior space. Also, the headguard includes a plurality of separate and distinct engagement members corresponding to the plurality of dampers. Each engagement member is disposed at the free inner end of the corresponding damper and is configured to engage the head of the user. Each damper includes a plurality of compressible damper elements concentrically arranged about the longitudinal axis. The plurality of compressible damper elements include an inner conical damper element, a first cylindrical damper element surrounding the conical damper element, and a second cylindrical damper element surrounding the first cylindrical damper element and the conical damper element.

Inventors

  • MORGAN, DONALD EDWARD

Assignees

  • Morgan, Donald Edward

Dates

Publication Date
20260513
Application Date
20170127

Claims (15)

  1. A helmet (400, 1150) for protecting a head of a user from impact forces, the helmet (400, 1150) comprising: an outer shell (401, 1152); an inner layer (402, 1154) joined to the outer shell (401, 1152) and defining an interior space that is occupied by the user's head, the inner layer (402, 1154) defining a plurality of openings (406) or holes (1156) therein; a plurality of separate and distinct dampers (1000'), at least one damper (1000') being at least partially disposed in a corresponding one of the openings (406) or holes (1156), each damper (1000') extending into the interior space along a respective longitudinal axis coaxial with the corresponding opening (406) or hole (1156), wherein each respective damper (1000') has a fixed outer end (1034') disposed at a fixed position relative to the outer shell (401, 1152) and a free inner end (1036') disposed longitudinally opposite the fixed outer end (1034') in the interior space; and a plurality of separate and distinct engagement members (1003') corresponding to the plurality of dampers (1000'), wherein each engagement member (1003') is disposed at the free inner end (1036') of the corresponding damper (1000') and is configured to engage the head of the user; wherein each damper (1000') includes a plurality of compressible damper elements (1001', 1004', 1014') concentrically arranged about the longitudinal axis; and wherein the helmet (400, 1150) is characterized in that : the plurality of compressible damper elements (1001', 1004', 1014') include an inner conical damper element (1001'), a first cylindrical damper element (1004') surrounding the conical damper element (1001'), and a second cylindrical damper element (1014') surrounding the first cylindrical damper element (1004') and the conical damper element (1001').
  2. The helmet (400,1150) according to claim 1, wherein: the second cylindrical damper element (1014') extends to the free inner end (1036') of the damper.
  3. The helmet (400,1150) according to claim 2, wherein: the second cylindrical damper element (1014') has a second uncompressed length and the first cylindrical damper element (1004') has a first uncompressed length that is the same as the second uncompressed length.
  4. The helmet (400,1150) according to claim 2, wherein: the second cylindrical damper element (1114') has a second uncompressed length and the first cylindrical damper element (1104') has a first uncompressed length that is less than the second uncompressed length.
  5. The helmet (400,1150) according to claim 4, wherein: the plurality of compressible damper elements (1100) includes a third cylindrical damper element (1114) between the first and second cylindrical damper elements (1104, 1124) and surrounding the first cylindrical damper element (1104) and the conical damper element (1101), the third cylindrical damper element (1114) having a third uncompressed length that is less than the second length and greater than the first length.
  6. The helmet (400,1150) according to claim 1, wherein: the first cylindrical damper element (1004') extends to the free inner end of the damper (1036').
  7. The helmet (400,1150) according to claim 6, wherein: the second cylindrical damper element (1014') has a second uncompressed length and the first cylindrical damper element (1004') has a first uncompressed length that is the same as the second uncompressed length.
  8. The helmet (400,1150) according to claim 6, wherein: the second cylindrical damper element (1014') has a second uncompressed length and the first cylindrical damper element (1004') has a first uncompressed length that is greater than the second uncompressed length.
  9. The helmet (400,1150) according to claim 8, wherein: the plurality of compressible damper elements (1000) includes a third cylindrical damper element (1014) between the first (1004) and second (1024) cylindrical damper elements and surrounding the first cylindrical damper element (1004) and the conical damper element (1001), the third cylindrical damper element (1014) having a third uncompressed length that is greater than the second length and less than the first length.
  10. The helmet (400, 1150) according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of dampers (1000') are attached to the outer shell.
  11. The helmet (400, 1150) according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of dampers (1000) are attached to the inner layer.
  12. The helmet (400, 1150) according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of openings (406) or holes (1156) comprise a stepped-opening defined by the inner layer.
  13. The helmet (400, 1150) according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of openings (406) or holes (1156) comprise a recessed depression defined by the inner layer.
  14. The helmet (400, 1150) according to claim 1, wherein: the engagement members (1003') are spaced from one another in the interior space and at least one of the engagement members (1003') are configured to move laterally relative to the outer shell (401, 1152) in response to an impact force that moves the user's head relative to the outer shell (401, 1152).
  15. The helmet (400, 1150) according to claim 1, wherein: at least one damper (1000') of the plurality of dampers absorbs energy by compression and flexion in response to applied impact forces that move the user's head relative to the outer shell (401, 1152).

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application relates to Australian Provisional Patent Application No. 2015905148, filed on December 12, 2015 and to Australian Provisional Patent Application No. 2015903032, filed on July 30, 2015, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. BACKGROUND 1. Field The present application relates to impact protection, and more specifically, to impact protection for the head. 2. State of the Art An impact to a moving head can cause the skull to rapidly decelerate, while inertia keeps the brain travelling forward to impact the inside surface of the skull. Such impact of the brain against the skull may cause bruising (contusions) and/or bleeding (hemorrhage) to the brain. Therefore, deceleration of the head is an important factor to consider in determining the severity of brain injuries caused by impact to the head. In all types of impacts to the head, the head is subjected to a combination of linear acceleration and rotational acceleration. Linear acceleration is considered to contribute to focal brain injuries, while rotational acceleration is considered to contribute to both focal and diffuse brain injuries. Helmets may be used to protect the head from impacts. All helmets add at least some added mass to the head of its wearer. However, adding mass to a helmet can increase the rotational acceleration and deceleration effects to the head and brain as compared to a helmet of a smaller mass. Protective helmets are used in many environments. In sports, such as football, players wear helmets to protect their heads from repetitive impacts resulting from playing the game. The majority of current technology used in helmets uses foam padding which is only suitable for very low impacts and to provide comfort. Also, such protective helmets using foam padding typically offer only one level of compression, which is only suitable to absorb the impact forces for impacts less than 100 g's. In addition to foam helmet liners, various other impact protection technologies have been proposed for use in helmets to address linear and/or rotational acceleration. Such technologies include Omni Directional Suspension™ (ODS™), Multiple Impact Protection System (MIPS®), SuperSkin®, and 360° Turbine Technology. In a helmet with Omni Directional Suspension™ (ODS™) the outer shell and the liner are separated by ODS™ components. However, the ODS™ components add mass and bulk to the helmet. Also, the ODS™ components include hard components adhered to the inside of the outer shell. As a result, the ODS™ system requires the use of a hard and stiff liner to accommodate the hard components. Moreover, there is a possibility of individual ODS™ components detaching due to wear and tear. In a helmet that incorporates the MIPS®, the helmet includes an outer shell, an inner liner, and a low friction layer. The low friction layer is located on the inside of the foam liner against the head, such that the shock absorbing foam liner is not in direct contact with the head. However, the use of the friction layer and its attachments reduces the ability of the helmet to effectively absorb an impact force. Moreover, MIPS® technology adds mass and bulk to the helmet. In a helmet with SuperSkin®, a layer of a membrane and lubricant is applied to the outer shell of the helmet. The layer reduces friction between the outer shell and the impacting surface thereby reducing angular (rotational) effects on the head and brain. In a helmet with 360° Turbine Technology multiple circular turbines are located on the inside of the foam liner against the head. While the technology adds minimal mass to the helmet, portions of the turbines may dislodge from wear and tear and, therefore, may not provide protection to the wearer of the helmet during an impact. With the exception of SuperSkin® Technology, the above-mentioned helmet technologies do not take into account the whole thickness and mass of the helmet as a factor in limiting deceleration. Also, the above-mentioned helmet technologies encourage the incorporation of harder and stiffer liners (expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam and other foams). However, harder and stiffer liners may be detrimental to a helmet's effectiveness to absorb translational and angular impact forces. Additionally, some helmets employ rubber cylinders within a liner of the helmet between the wearers head and an outer skin or shell of the helmet. Such rubber cylinders are configured to have a neutral state in which they contain air. During an impact involving the helmet, the wearer's head compresses the liner and the rubber cylinders, which, when compressed, release the air contained in the cylinder through a valve or opening. After the impact, the cylinders expand and refill with air. However, such air-filled rubber cylinders offer only one level of compression and protection against low impact forces, which is not useful for protecting against more severe impact forces that may be experi