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EP-4742866-A1 - PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE, SYSTEM, AND ELECTRIC DEVICE

EP4742866A1EP 4742866 A1EP4742866 A1EP 4742866A1EP-4742866-A1

Abstract

A perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic module, a system, and an electric device are provided. The perovskite solar cell includes a transparent electrode layer and, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode sequentially disposed on the transparent electrode layer; where the electron transport layer includes an organic electron transport material, a first additive, and a second additive; the first additive includes one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer, 4-vinylpyridine-styrene copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, and poly(4-vinylpyridine); and the second additive includes one or more of a compound of formula I and a compound of formula II. The perovskite solar cell of this application has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and good stability.

Inventors

  • GU, Shuai
  • JIA, Boyu
  • LIU, TIANYU
  • CHEN, CHEN
  • CHEN, GUODONG
  • GUO, YONGSHENG
  • CHEN, Junchao

Assignees

  • Contemporary Amperex Future Energy Research Institute (Shanghai) Limited
  • Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited

Dates

Publication Date
20260513
Application Date
20240511

Claims (17)

  1. A perovskite solar cell, comprising a transparent electrode layer and, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode sequentially disposed on the transparent electrode layer; wherein the electron transport layer comprises an organic electron transport material, a first additive, and a second additive; the first additive comprises one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer, 4-vinylpyridine-styrene copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, and poly(4-vinylpyridine); and the second additive comprises one or more of the following compound of formula I and compound of formula II: wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently selected from C 1 -C 4 alkyl; n1 and n2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 6; m1 and m2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 4; R 4 and R 7 are each independently selected from C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, C 1 -C 5 alkylthio, aryl, halogen, carboxyl, cyano, or absent; X is one or more of Cl, Br, I, BF 4 , PF 6 , and TFSI; and Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently selected from any one of CH 2 , NH, O, and S, or absent.
  2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein, based on a total mass of the electron transport layer, a mass fraction of the first additive is 1% to 5%, a mass fraction of the second additive is 0.5% to 2%, and a mass fraction of the organic electron transport material is 93% to 98.5%.
  3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second additive comprises the compound of formula I and the compound of formula II, and a mass ratio of the compound of formula I to the compound of formula II is (0.5 to 2):1.
  4. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compound of formula I comprises one or more of tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, hexamethylenediammonium iodide, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
  5. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the compound of formula II comprises one or more of 1,7-bis(dimethylamino)heptane, tris(dimethylaminopropyl)amine, and 9,9-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]fluorene.
  6. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a thickness of the electron transport layer is 25 nm to 45 nm.
  7. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the organic electron transport material comprises one or more of fullerene derivatives, naphthalene diimide and derivatives thereof, and perylene diimide and derivatives thereof.
  8. A method for preparing the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: providing the transparent electrode layer; and sequentially forming the perovskite layer, the electron transport layer, and the metal electrode on the transparent electrode layer; wherein a solution for forming the electron transport layer comprises a solvent and a solute dispersed in the solvent, and the solute comprises the organic electron transport material, the first additive, and the second additive.
  9. The method for preparing the perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, wherein the solvent comprises a first organic solvent and a second organic solvent, a boiling point of the first organic solvent is 38°C to 70°C, and a boiling point of the second organic solvent is 110°C to 210°C.
  10. The method for preparing the perovskite solar cell according to claim 9, wherein the first organic solvent comprises one or more of chloroform, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran.
  11. The method for preparing the perovskite solar cell according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the second organic solvent comprises one or more of chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, toluene, o-xylene, anisole, 2-methylanisole, 2-chlorophenol, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene.
  12. The method for preparing the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein based on a total volume of the solvent, a volume fraction of the first organic solvent is 20% to 80%, and a volume fraction of the second organic solvent is 20% to 80%.
  13. The method for preparing the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein based on a total mass of the solution, the mass fraction of the first additive is 0.2‰ to 1‰, the mass fraction of the second additive is 0.1‰ to 0.4‰, and the mass fraction of the organic electron transport material is 1.86% to 1.97%.
  14. The method for preparing the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein based on a total mass of the solute, the mass fraction of the first additive is 1% to 5%, the mass fraction of the second additive is 0.5% to 2%, and the mass fraction of the organic electron transport material is 93% to 98.5%.
  15. A photovoltaic module, comprising the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
  16. A photovoltaic system, comprising the photovoltaic module according to claim 15.
  17. An electric device, comprising at least one of the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and the photovoltaic module according to claim 15.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202310855619.X, filed on July 12, 2023 and entitled "PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE, SYSTEM, AND ELECTRIC DEVICE", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD This application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell, a photovoltaic module, a system, and an electric device. BACKGROUND ART With the rapid development in the field of new energy, solar cells have been widely used in the fields such as industry, commerce, agriculture, and communications. Perovskite solar cells (perovskite solar cells, PSCs) are devices that utilize the photoelectric conversion mechanism of perovskite-type crystal materials to convert solar energy into electrical energy, representing the current third-generation solar cells. They offer multiple advantages including high photoelectric conversion efficiency, simple fabrication processes, and low production costs, and have been extensively researched in recent years. With the maturation of processes for organic electron transport layer materials such as fullerene derivatives, naphthalene diimide, and perylene diimide, along with continuous price reductions, organic electron transport layer materials are gradually becoming suitable for industrialized large-scale production. Organic electron transport layer materials can improve the hysteresis of devices and enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency to a certain extent. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of current perovskite solar cells using organic electron transport layer materials still needs further improvement, and the stability of such cells is relatively poor. Therefore, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells using organic materials as electron transport layers is one of the key issues that urgently need to be resolved in this field. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This application is made in view of the above-mentioned issues, and one of its objectives is to provide a perovskite solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency and good stability. To achieve the above objective, a first aspect of this application provides a perovskite solar cell, including a transparent electrode layer and, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode sequentially disposed on the transparent electrode layer; where the electron transport layer includes an organic electron transport material, a first additive, and a second additive;the first additive includes one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer, 4-vinylpyridine-styrene copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, and poly(4-vinylpyridine); andthe second additive includes one or more of the following compound of formula I and compound of formula II: where R1, R2, R3, R5, and R6 are each independently selected from C1-C4 alkyl; n1 and n2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 6; m1 and m2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 4; R4 and R7 are each independently selected from C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 alkoxy, C1-C5 alkylthio, aryl, halogen, carboxyl, cyano, or absent; X is one or more of Cl, Br, I, BF4, PF6, and TFSI (bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide); and Y1 and Y2 are each independently selected from any one of CH2, NH, O, and S, or absent. In the perovskite solar cell of this application, a specific organic polymer as the first additive is added to the electron transport layer containing the organic electron transport material, and specific quaternary ammonium salts and/or tertiary amine molecules as the second additive are added. The introduction of the first additive organic polymer can improve the dispersibility of the organic electron transport material in the solution for forming the electron transport layer, enhance the film uniformity of the electron transport layer, and reduce channels for water molecules to penetrate into the electron transport layer. The second additive quaternary ammonium salts can significantly improve the film conductivity of the electron transport layer; the second additive tertiary amine molecules can enhance the binding force between organic electron transport material molecules; the above quaternary ammonium salts and tertiary amine molecules can form a passivation layer at the perovskite interface during the molecular crystallization of the electron transport layer, thereby reducing the diffusion of perovskite ions. Through the synergistic effect of the above specific first additive and second additive, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell can be improved. In any embodiment, based on a total mass of the electron transport layer, a mass fraction of the first additive is 1% to 5%, a mass fraction of the second additive is 0.5% to 2%, and a mass fraction of the organic electron