JP-2022510170-A5 -

Dates

Publication Date

20221202

Application Date

20191125

Description

In certain aspects, this disclosure relates to U.S. Application No. 13/827,906, filed on 14 March 2013 and published as U.S.2013/337066(A1), International Application No. PCT/US2012/039411, filed on 24 May 2012 and published as WO2013/052167(A2), and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/492,626, filed on 2 June 2011. The entire contents of the aforementioned applications are incorporated by reference.In certain embodiments, for example, the following items are provided:(Item 1)A nanoparticle comprising an inner compartment (or inner core) and an outer surface (or shell) containing a cell membrane derived from a cell, wherein the inner compartment (or inner core) does not provide a solid support to the cell membrane in the outer surface (or shell),a) The inner compartment (or inner core) is isotonic to cell fluid or physiological fluid, for example, the inner compartment (or inner core) contains a liquid that isotonic to cell fluid or physiological fluid, and/orb) The cell membrane of the outer surface (or shell) contains a level of enhanced or enriched steroids,However, if the cell membrane is derived from red blood cells, the inner compartment (or inner core) is isotonic with the cell fluid or physiological fluid.Nanoparticles.(Item 2)The nanoparticles according to item 1, wherein the inner compartment (internal core) contains a liquid isotonic with the cell fluid.(Item 3)The nanoparticles according to item 2, wherein the inner compartment (internal core) contains a liquid isotonic with the cell fluid contained in the cell.(Item 4)The nanoparticles described in item 3, wherein the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.(Item 5)The nanoparticles described in item 3, wherein the cells are cells of a single-celled organism.(Item 6)The nanoparticles described in item 5, wherein the single-celled organism is a bacterium or a fungus.(Item 7)The nanoparticles described in item 3, wherein the cells are cells of a multicellular organism.(Item 8)The nanoparticles according to item 7, wherein the multicellular organism is a plant, animal, vertebrate, non-human mammal, or human.(Item 9)The nanoparticles according to item 7, wherein the cells are animal cells, for example, non-human mammalian cells or human cells.(Item 10)The nanoparticles according to item 9, wherein the cells are cells of connective tissue, such as blood, bone, tendons, ligaments, fat, or loose connective tissue, fibrous connective tissue, skeletal connective tissue, or fluid connective tissue.(Item 11)The nanoparticles according to item 9, wherein the cells are cells of muscle tissue, such as visceral muscle or smooth muscle, musculoskeletal or cardiac muscle.(Item 12)The nanoparticles according to item 9, wherein the cells are cells of nerve tissue, for example, cells in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS).(Item 13)The nanoparticles according to item 9, wherein the cells are cells of epithelial tissue, such as simple squamous epithelium, laminar squamous epithelium, simple cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium (also known as ciliated columnar epithelium), columnar epithelium, glandular epithelium, or ciliated columnar epithelium.(Item 14)The nanoparticles according to item 9, wherein the cells are cells of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, circulatory system, vascular system, digestive system, endocrine system, immune system, cortical system, lymphatic system, musculoskeletal system, reproductive system, respiratory system, respiratory system, ventilation system, urinary system, renal system, or urinary tract.(Item 15)The nanoparticles according to item 9, wherein the cells are blood cells, tumor cells, cancer cells, immune cells, stem cells, endothelial cells, or epithelial cells.(Item 16)The nanoparticles according to item 1, wherein the inner compartment (internal core) contains a liquid isotonic with physiological fluid.(Item 17)The nanoparticles described in item 16, wherein the physiological fluid is a physiological fluid in a multicellular organism.(Item 18)The nanoparticles according to item 17, wherein the multicellular organism is a plant, animal, vertebrate, non-human mammal, or human.(Item 19)The nanoparticles according to item 17, wherein the physiological fluid is a physiological fluid in an animal, vertebrate, non-human mammal, or human, for example, circulating blood in an animal, vertebrate, non-human mammal, or human.(Item 20)The nanoparticles according to item 19, wherein the physiological fluid is a physiological fluid of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, circulatory system, vascular system, digestive system, endocrine system, immune system, cutaneous system, lymphatic system, musculoskeletal system, reproductive system, respiratory system, respiratory system, ventilation system, urinary system, renal system, or urinary tract.(Item 21)The nanoparticles according to any one of items 1 to 20, wherein the inner compartment (internal cor