JP-2022533768-A5 -

Dates

Publication Date

20230523

Application Date

20200518

Description

This invention relates to the field of general breakwaters. The breakwater has a horizontally extending, elongated core body with one or two sloping sidewalls. Generally, a filter layer and/or sub-layer are provided on the sloping sidewalls, and optionally, on the tow of the adjacent seabed sloping sidewall. The sloping sidewalls are covered with a revetment layer as the uppermost layer. On the upper surface of a seawall, so-called crest elements (sometimes called crown elements) may be provided for various reasons. For example, crest elements may be provided to separate the seawall from structures on top of it, such as roads or walkways. Also, in the case of breakwaters with low crests, crest elements may be provided to prevent waves from rolling over the breakwater. In either case, the crest element is basically L-shaped. The vertical legs of the L-shape provide restrictions between the seawall and the structures above it, and prevent wave rollover. The horizontal legs protrude away from the seawall and help provide stability to the crest element, allowing the vertical legs to stand upright and withstand waves. Referring to the applicant's International Publication No. 2018/052292, it is known that a revetment layer can be constructed from revetment elements (referred to as covering elements in International Publication No. 2018/052292) laid like roof tiles on the sloping portion of a breakwater. The revetment element in International Publication No. 2018/052292 comprises a central portion, two wing portions (referred to as noses in International Publication No. 2018/052292) projecting from the central portion in opposite directions, a nose portion (referred to as the first leg in International Publication No. 2018/052292) projecting forward from the central portion in a transverse direction relative to the direction of extension of the wings, and a tail portion (referred to as the second leg in International Publication No. 2018/052292) extending backward from the central portion in the opposite direction to the forward direction. The revetment element of International Publication No. 8/052292 may optionally have a third leg extending upward from the central portion in the longitudinal direction and in a direction that crosses the wing portion. By providing the revetment element of International Publication No. 2018/052292, which has a fourth leg extending downward from the central portion in the opposite direction to the upward direction, at the top of the third leg, the revetment element of the applicant's International Publication No. 2004/009910 can be obtained. The types of seawall elements described in International Publication No. 2018/052292 and International Publication No. 2004/009910 have projections such as wings, tails, and noses extending from the central portion, which, when laid as a seawall layer, provide gaps through which wave water acting on the breakwater can pass. As the water passes through these gaps, the wave energy is dissipated by attenuation. In transitions between revetment layers with revetment elements as defined in International Publication No. 2018/052292, or transitions to horizontal structures such as roads and boulevards, L-shaped crest elements are used, or the upper projections of the upper revetment elements are embedded in the road/boulevard substructure. International Publication No. 2018/052292International Publication No. 2004/009910 This is a perspective view of a conventional revetment element, as published in International Publication No. 2018/052292.Figure 1 is a schematic front perspective view of a breakwater with staggered rows of revetment elements.This figure schematically shows a side view of Figure 2.Figure 2 is a perspective view showing how the upper row of revetment elements is supported by two identical revetment elements in the lower row.This is a perspective view of the crest element according to the present invention.Figure 5 is a top view of the upper part of the crest element.This is a side view of the left side of the crest element in Figure 5.Figure 5 is a front view of the crest element from the front side.Figure 5 is a bottom view of the underside of the crest element.A front perspective view of a first embodiment of a breakwater according to the present invention, provided together with the crest elements according to the present invention (similar to Figure 2).Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing a side view of the breakwater (similar to Figure 3).This is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the breakwater according to the present invention. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a method for providing a breakwater is provided, and the provided breakwater is a breakwater according to the second aspect of the present invention. Figure 1 shows, as an example, a revetment element 1 with a central section 2. Two wing sections 3 and 4 project from the central section 2 in opposite directions, while the tail se