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JP-7856757-B2 - Wood-concrete composite slab having flat wood elements, method for manufacturing the same, and structure having such wood-concrete composite slab

JP7856757B2JP 7856757 B2JP7856757 B2JP 7856757B2JP-7856757-B2

Inventors

  • クンディッヒ、クリスチャン
  • クライス、ベンジャミン
  • キューブラー、ヴォルフラム

Assignees

  • インプレニア シュヴァイツ アーゲー
  • ウォルトガルマリーニ アーゲー

Dates

Publication Date
20260511
Application Date
20221016
Priority Date
20211017

Claims (14)

  1. A wood-concrete composite slab having a support structure that includes concrete components and wood components connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, The slab includes a layered structure (1, 3, 4) comprising, from bottom to top, first a planar wood component that can withstand tensile loads in the composite material of the slab, i.e., a wood layer (1), followed by a layer (3) for heat insulation and/or sound insulation , and finally a concrete layer (4), Shear connectors (9) are installed within the composite slab, with at least one of the shear connectors (9) protruding into both the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4), thereby penetrating the thermal insulation and/or soundproofing layer (3), A wood-concrete composite slab in which the layers of the slab are intersected by at least one longitudinal support element (8), the longitudinal support element (8) traverses at least the concrete layer (4) and the thermal insulation and/or soundproofing layer (3), and as a result extends downward to at least the wood layer (1).
  2. The wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, wherein the at least one longitudinal support element (8) includes a steel profile (20) having at least one lower flange (21b) as reinforcing steel (10, 11, 12, 13) and/or reinforcing material (42).
  3. The wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, wherein the one longitudinal support element (8) or the plurality of longitudinal support elements (8) are dimensioned or sized in terms of their number such that their combined weight constitutes a maximum of 10% of the total weight of the slab.
  4. The wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, wherein, in the case of a maximum 50% extension of the span of the composite slab, and a maximum total length of the extended span of 9 m, the span-dependent weight increase of the slab does not exceed 10% of the slab weight, and the slab thickness varies by only 5 to 10 cm to ensure greater flexibility in slab design.
  5. A method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, having at least two slab modules, a. Each slab module is formed with a layered structure (1, 3, 4), and as a result, from bottom to top, first the wood layer (1) is manufactured with the shear connector (9) fixed in its lower end, then the heat insulating and/or sound insulating layer (3) is formed, and finally the concrete layer (4) is applied together with its reinforcing material (15) so that the upper end of the shear connector (9) is fixed to the concrete layer (4). b. The slab modules are placed at predetermined positions for them on one or more supports. i. The two slab modules abut each other, thereby forming an intermediate space (41) whose bottom is defined by the contact surface (35) on at least one of the slab modules on the wood layer (1), and which is laterally defined by the heat insulating and/or sound insulating layer and the concrete layer (3, 4). or ii. At least one of the supports is a pre-fabricated longitudinal support element (49) that forms a lower projection with steps (47) on both sides, on each of the steps (47) a slab module is supported on the longitudinal support element (49), and between the concrete layers (4) of the slab module thus supported, an intermediate space (41) is left above the longitudinal support element (49), c. Reinforcement members (4210, 11, 12, 13, 20) of the longitudinal support elements are inserted into the intermediate space (41) and connected to the adjacent concrete reinforcement members (15). d. A manufacturing method in which the intermediate space (41) is filled with concrete (48), and the longitudinal support element (8) is completely assembled by the hardening of the concrete.
  6. A wood-concrete composite slab having a support structure comprising concrete components and wood components connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, The slab comprises a layered structure (1, 3, 4), the layered structure (1, 3, 4) comprising, from bottom to top, first a planar wood component that can withstand tensile loads in the composite material of the slab, i.e., a wood layer (1), followed by a layer (3) for thermal insulation and/or soundproofing , and finally a concrete layer (4). A shear connector (9) is installed in the composite slab, and at least one shear connector (9) protrudes into both the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4), thereby penetrating the thermal insulation and/or soundproofing layer (3), The thermal insulation and/or soundproofing layer (3) comprises at least two insulating and/or soundproofing materials of different densities or specific gravities, wherein the high-density insulating and/or soundproofing material is placed directly on or on the wood layer (1) which can withstand the tensile load of the slab composite, and is intended to increase the inertia of the wood layer (1) and act as a vibration damping means. A wood-concrete composite slab, wherein the layer structure (3, 4) of the slab either extends over the slab without longitudinal support elements, or at least one longitudinal support element (8) extends at least through the concrete layer (4) and the thermal insulation and/or soundproofing layer (3), thereby extending downward to at least the wood layer (1).
  7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the at least two insulating and/or soundproofing materials having different densities or specific gravities are used for soundproofing by damping vibrations of the wood layer (1).
  8. A method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 6, having at least two slab modules, a. The slab modules are each formed by their layer structure (1, 3, 4), and the wood layer (1) is initially manufactured from bottom to top, with the shear connector (9) fixed thereto at its lower end. b. Next, the thermal insulation and/or soundproofing layer (3) is formed by first introducing a high-density insulating and/or soundproofing material intended to increase the inertia of the wood layer (1) and act as a vibration damping means , and then a low-density insulating and/or soundproofing material is placed on top of the high-density insulating and/or soundproofing material. c. Finally, the concrete layer (4) is formed together with its reinforcing member (15) so that the shear connector (9) is fixed to the concrete layer (4) at its upper end, and the reinforcing member (15) protrudes from the recess (39) of the concrete layer (4) for connection to at least the second slab module. d. A manufacturing method comprising: a fully constructed slab module being placed at a predetermined position on one or more supports, and being connected to the at least second slab module by friction connection of the reinforcing members (15) of the adjacent concrete layers (4), and then the recess (39) being poured with concrete.
  9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the low-density insulating material for thermal and/or soundproofing is air.
  10. A wood-concrete composite slab having a support structure comprising concrete components and wood components connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, The slab comprises a layer structure (1, 4), the layer structure (1, 4) first extending planarly from bottom to top, and including a wood component, i.e., a wood layer (1), which can withstand tensile loads in the composite material of the slab. The wood layer (1) includes at least two abutting wood panels that are subjected to reciprocating tension from each other, and in each case, one wood panel presses against the other wood panel in a direction perpendicular to the dividing surface formed at the abutting connection. As a result, in each of the wooden panels that are tensioned relative to one another, the lower side of the wooden panel is left untouched, at least one box-shaped space (24; 24a, 24c) is formed in the wooden panel, and at least one recess (24; 24a, 24b, 24c) is created by material removal to form a passage that extends beyond the at least two abutting wooden panels, together with the recess (24; 24a, 24b, 24c) in the wooden panel located on the far side of the dividing surface. The tension-applying means (26a, 26b, 26c) are introduced into the passage and fixed at each end to at least one box-shaped space (24; 24a), thereby, as a result of the tension-applying means (26a, 26b, 26c), tension is applied to the at least two abutting wooden panels. The wooden panels, with tension applied to each other, remain untouched in the region extending from the rear of one of their box-shaped spaces (24) when viewed from the dividing surface, or, if there are more than one box-shaped space, remain untouched in the region extending from the rearmost box-shaped space (24a) in the direction perpendicular to and away from the dividing surface, thereby forming untouched material (29) at the rear for other use, that is, no recesses or notches are needed to apply tension to the two abutting wooden panels. A wood-concrete composite slab, wherein the layer structure (3, 4) of the slab extends on the slab without longitudinal support elements, or, if a layer (3) for thermal insulation and/or soundproofing is present, at least one longitudinal support element (8) traverses at least the concrete layer (4) and the layer (3) for thermal insulation and/or soundproofing , and consequently extends downward to at least the wood layer (1).
  11. a. In each of the wooden panels to be subjected to tension, the at least one recess (24) is created by material removal such that it forms at least one box-shaped space (24; 24a, 24c), b. Next, the wooden panels are placed in contact with each other, and their recesses (24) form a recessed passage that extends across the two wooden panels. c. The tension-applying means (26a, 26b, 26c) are introduced into the passage and fixed at each end to the at least one or rear box-shaped space (24; 24a), d. The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 10, wherein tension is applied to the tension-applying means (26a, 26b, 26c) from above.
  12. A building (50) having one or more embedded wood-concrete composite slabs as described in claim 1.
  13. A building (50) having one or more embedded wood-concrete composite slabs as described in claim 6.
  14. A building (50) having one or more embedded wood-concrete composite slabs as described in claim 9.

Description

This invention relates to a wood-concrete composite slab having flat wood elements. Compared to a pure concrete slab, this slab is considerably lighter. Compared to conventional wood-concrete composite slabs, the slab according to this invention offers a lighter and more slender design. In this regard, span can be achieved with this slab system with little dependence on the relative inherent weight of the slab (i.e., calculated by the slab area). This invention further relates to a method for manufacturing such a slab, its use, and a building having one or more such wood-concrete composite slabs. Large-span slabs are highly desirable. Especially in multi-story buildings such as high-rises, they improve space utilization and provide flexibility in the floor slab design. Furthermore, large slab spans require fewer load-bearing walls and columns within the floor, thus creating flexibility in subsequent modifications. Therefore, achieving large slab spans using wood-concrete composite slabs is highly desirable in all cases. However, large span dimensions present the same challenge for any slab design. That is, the slab requires sufficient static height to allow the necessary bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity to act upon it. This is reflected in the inherent weight of the timber-concrete composite slab, even in that case. In conventional embodiments with concrete on timber, the inherent weight of the slab increases proportionally with height. This imposes requirements on the vertical support structure and foundation of the building that must support the load. This is a particularly significant challenge in high-rise buildings with many floors. Furthermore, large slab thickness can be detrimental to use because it may result in insufficient slab space for a given height of the building. Therefore, it is desirable to have special timber-concrete composite slabs that can achieve larger spans without the aforementioned drawbacks. Wood-concrete composite slabs with wood beams, i.e., linear wood components, are already seen in office and residential buildings, and sometimes even in high-rise buildings. However, wood-concrete composite slab structures have not yet solved all the problems necessary for them to be fully established. Because the aforementioned slabs are used, i.e., wood beams are scattered, they are only sufficient to a limited extent from an architectural standpoint. The relatively modest use of wood as an axial grid passing through the slab does not fully realize the ecological potential of wood as a building material. Apart from its properties as a CO2 storage means, wood has relatively low pollutant emissions during processing and similarly, low energy consumption required for equipment. As a result, increasing the size of the wood components in wood-concrete composite slabs has only positive effects on the building's climate impact, which is highly desirable in all cases. However, here we face two problems. On the one hand, using more wood in a composite slab necessitates restrictive fire safety measures for the design. In embodiments of wood-concrete composite slabs with flat wood elements, it is true that such slabs can satisfy both static and architectural requirements simultaneously, as they can provide an aesthetically pleasing bottom finish as the lowest composite layer. However, in this case, the support structure is an obstacle, and therefore, the flammable flat wood elements cannot be easily exposed to the interior, especially in spaces with large span dimensions. Fire safety requirements tend to become more restrictive as the building has more slabs or as the escape routes become longer, and naturally, the use and the number of occupants in the building also play a role. On the other hand, a higher proportion of wood in a wood-concrete composite slab means that it also offers lower sound insulation. As a composite partner that is substantially lighter than concrete, wood can excite vibrations far more easily. Therefore, solid-borne sound can propagate relatively easily within a wood-concrete composite slab with flat wood elements and may be perceived by the building's occupants. This discourages the use of such slabs, particularly in apartments, office buildings, schools, universities, educational facilities such as libraries, and generally in places where there is a high demand for sound insulation. In particular, this means that in buildings with separate occupancy units that must be acoustically isolated from different parties using the building, such as apartment and office units, or room units in educational facilities, the slab must be interrupted at the transition points between individual units. This has unfavorable effects on both the statics of the slab and the efficiency of the slab assembly. Due to the problems described, conventional timber-concrete composite slabs with large-span flat timber elements cannot be used for three reasons: firstly, due to the proportional