KR-102961153-B1 - ANTI-BURING STRUCTURE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL, PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL AND PREPARING METHOD FOR THEREOF

KR102961153B1KR 102961153 B1KR102961153 B1KR 102961153B1KR-102961153-B1

Abstract

The flame-retardant structure for a solar panel according to the present invention comprises: a solar panel mounted spaced apart from the surface of a building; and a flame-retardant coating layer formed on the lower surface of the back sheet of the solar panel and facing the surface of the building; wherein the flame-retardant coating layer comprises one or more of a halogen-based flame retardant, a phosphorus-based flame retardant, and an inorganic flame retardant.

Inventors

정용찬
이영희
한영희
이수열
최가현
윤하은

Assignees

한국전력공사

Dates

Publication Date: 20260511
Application Date: 20220908

Claims (15)

Solar panels mounted spaced apart from the surface of a building; and A flame-retardant structure comprising a flame-retardant coating layer formed on the lower surface of the backsheet of the solar panel and facing the surface of the building, and The flame-retardant coating layer comprises a flame retardant including one or more of a halogen-based flame retardant, a phosphorus-based flame retardant, and an inorganic flame retardant; an expandable particle; and a binder. The weight ratio of the above binder : flame retardant : expansive particles is 1 : 0.25 ~ 0.45 : 0.05 ~ 0.25, and Flame-retardant structure for a solar panel, wherein the thickness of the flame-retardant coating layer is 50㎛ to 200㎛, and the flame-retardant coating layer expands according to Formula 1 below: [Equation 1] 4 ≤ A/B ≤ 50 In the above Equation 1, A is the average thickness of the flame-retardant coating layer expanding in the vertical direction by heating the surface of the flame-retardant coating layer directly with a flame, B is the average thickness of the flame-retardant coating layer, and A is 1600㎛ or less.
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A flame-retardant structure for a solar panel according to claim 1, wherein the halogen-based flame retardant comprises one or more of polybrominated phenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), chlorinated polyethylene, and chlorinated paraffin.
A flame-retardant structure for a solar panel according to claim 1, wherein the phosphorus-based flame retardant comprises one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, phosphate ester, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium polyphosphate.
A flame-retardant structure for a solar panel according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic flame retardant comprises one or more of aluminum hydroxide, titanium dioxide, antimony oxide, zinc borate, and magnesium hydroxide.
A flame-retardant structure for a solar panel according to claim 1, wherein the expandable particles comprise one or more of expanded graphite, expanded vermiculite, and perlite, and have an average particle size of 0.1 to 1 mm.
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Cover glass; A first sealant formed on the lower surface of the cover glass; A solar cell attached to the lower surface of the first sealant; A second sealant formed on the lower surface of the above solar cell; A back sheet attached to the lower part of the second sealant; and A flame-retardant coating layer formed by applying a flame-retardant composition to the lower surface of the above-mentioned back sheet; comprising The above flame-retardant composition has a weight ratio of binder : flame retardant : expansive particles of 1 : 0.25 ~ 0.45 : 0.05 ~ 0.25, and A solar panel wherein the thickness of the flame-retardant coating layer is 50㎛ to 200㎛, and the flame-retardant coating layer expands according to Formula 1 below: [Equation 1] 4 ≤ A/B ≤ 50 In the above Equation 1, A is the average thickness of the flame-retardant coating layer expanding in the vertical direction by heating the surface of the flame-retardant coating layer directly with a flame, B is the average thickness of the flame-retardant coating layer, and A is 1600㎛ or less.
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A solar panel according to claim 8, wherein the flame-retardant coating layer has an average flame spread velocity of 0.3 cm/s or less centered on the ignition point.
In claim 8, the solar panel is one in which the entire solar cell is short-circuited after 40 seconds in the event of a fire.
The method includes the step of forming a flame-retardant coating layer by applying a flame-retardant composition for solar panels to the lower surface of the backsheet of a solar panel. The above flame-retardant composition has a weight ratio of binder : flame retardant : expansive particles of 1 : 0.25 ~ 0.45 : 0.05 ~ 0.25, and A method for manufacturing a solar panel, wherein the flame-retardant coating layer is formed with a thickness of 50㎛ to 200㎛, and the flame-retardant coating layer expands according to Formula 1 below: [Equation 1] 4 ≤ A/B ≤ 50 In the above Equation 1, A is the average thickness of the flame-retardant coating layer expanding in the vertical direction by heating the surface of the flame-retardant coating layer directly with a flame, B is the average thickness of the flame-retardant coating layer, and A is 1600㎛ or less.
A method for manufacturing a solar panel according to claim 14, wherein the flame-retardant composition is applied by one of the following methods: brush coating, spray coating, and roller coating.

Description

Anti-burning structure for photovoltaic panels, photovoltaic panels and methods for manufacturing the same The present invention relates to a flame-retardant structure for a solar panel, a solar panel, and a method for manufacturing the same. More specifically, the invention relates to a flame-retardant structure for a solar panel that is used in a solar panel containing a combustible polymer to ensure flame retardancy in the event of a fire, a solar panel including a flame-retardant coating layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. Solar power generation generates electricity by converting light energy into direct current when light is irradiated onto solar modules, and its use has been rapidly increasing recently due to the utilization of pollution-free solar energy. Recently, the use of renewable energy has been mandated for public buildings, and to increase energy efficiency, there is an increasing number of cases where exterior materials such as windows, walls, balconies, and roofing materials are replaced with solar panels, allowing the building itself to supply electricity using solar modules. However, when solar panels are used as exterior building finishing materials, ensuring flame retardancy is essential in the event of a fire because they contain flammable polymers (EVA, back sheet). Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) cells are classified into GTB (Glass to Backsheet) or GTG (Glass to Glass) types; GTB cells are finished with a backsheet on the rear, while GTG cells utilize a structure bonded with glass. Both types employ encapsulant films on the front and rear surfaces to protect the solar cells. Typically, the raw materials of these encapsulant films and backsheets are low-melting-point polymeric organic compounds, which present a vulnerability that accelerates the spread of flames in the event of a fire. Therefore, there is a need for a safer flame-retardant structure for building photovoltaic panels that imparts flame retardancy to the panels without altering the physical properties of the sealant and backsheet, thereby preventing the rapid spread of flames in the event of a building fire and minimizing the generation of combustion gases. As background technology to the present invention, Korean Patent No. 10-2164382 discloses a building-installed photovoltaic power generation system equipped with an insulation function, which can block heat generation between the photovoltaic module and the building when the photovoltaic module is installed on the exterior wall of a building. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flame-retardant structure for a solar panel in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a photograph showing a flame-retardant coating layer formed on the lower part of a back sheet of a solar panel according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the change in a solar panel during a fire, comprising a flame-retardant coating layer formed by applying a flame-retardant composition according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a front view of a solar panel according to one embodiment of the present invention and a rear view of a flame directly irradiated using a burner. Figure 6 shows the thermal damage area ratio of a solar panel according to one embodiment of the present invention and the foam thickness after flame exposure according to the coating thickness. FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the expansion and carbonization of the flame-retardant coating layer formed on the rear surface of a solar panel according to one embodiment of the present invention after flame irradiation, and a photograph showing the rear surface of a solar panel without a flame-retardant coating layer formed after flame irradiation. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the average flame spread speed when a flame is irradiated onto the rear surface of a solar panel according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 shows the short-circuit time of a solar panel when a flame is irradiated onto the rear surface of a solar panel according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the change in the surface when a flame is irradiated onto the rear surface of a solar panel according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 shows a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a flame-retardant coating layer of a solar panel before flame irradiation according to one embodiment of the present invention and the results of a component analysis based on energy spectroscopic analysis. FIG. 12 shows a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a flame-retardant coating layer expanded after flame irradiation of a solar panel according to one embodiment of the present invention and the results of a component analysis based on energy spectroscopic analysis. The present invention w