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KR-102962551-B1 - Lithium ion battery comprising pressure sensor based on memristor and operating method the same

KR102962551B1KR 102962551 B1KR102962551 B1KR 102962551B1KR-102962551-B1

Abstract

A lithium-ion battery including a memristor-based pressure sensor and a method of operating the same are provided. The lithium-ion battery comprises an outer case, a positive electrode and a negative electrode housed within the outer case, and an electrolyte located between them; a positive lead connected to the positive electrode within the outer case and extending outside the outer case; a negative lead connected to the negative electrode within the outer case and extending outside the outer case; and a memristor-based pressure sensor having an insulating film located between the positive electrode and the positive lead and between the negative electrode and the negative lead, wherein a conductive filament is selectively formed therein. By providing the memristor-based pressure sensor, the current flow can be cut off with a rapid response when the battery changes to a high-pressure state, thereby preventing changes in the battery's appearance and the occurrence of fire.

Inventors

  • 김희동
  • 이두원

Assignees

  • 세종대학교산학협력단

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20231204
Priority Date
20221208

Claims (10)

  1. External case; An anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte located between them, housed within the above-mentioned outer case; A positive electrode lead connected to the positive electrode within the outer case and extending outside the outer case; A cathode lead connected to the cathode within the outer case and extending outside the outer case; and A lithium-ion battery comprising: a memristor-based pressure sensor having an insulating film positioned between the positive electrode and the positive electrode lead and between the negative electrode and the negative electrode lead, wherein a conductive filament is selectively formed therein. The pressure sensor comprises a first electrode and a second electrode disposed respectively on both sides of the insulating film, and the conductive filament is composed of vacancies of mobile ions, and When the lithium-ion battery is in a normal pressure state, the conductive filament electrically connects the first electrode and the second electrode, and the mobile ion is located at the interface between the first electrode and the insulating film, and A lithium-ion battery in which, when the lithium-ion battery is in a high-pressure state outside of normal pressure, an external gas diffuses through the first electrode, and the mobile ions move toward the second electrode and react with the vacancies, thereby cutting the conductive filament, and the current between the positive electrode and the positive lead and/or between the negative electrode and the negative lead is cut or suppressed.
  2. In paragraph 1, The above insulating film comprises one or more materials selected from tin oxide ( SnO2 ), tantalum pentoxide ( Ta2O5 ), aluminum oxide ( Al2O3 ), silicon dioxide ( SiO2 ), titanium dioxide ( TiO2 ), nickel oxide (NiO), copper(I) oxide ( Cu2O ), copper(II) oxide (CuO), hafnium oxide ( HfO2 ), boron nitride (BN), carbon nitride (CN), and polymer-based insulating materials, forming a lithium-ion battery.
  3. In paragraph 1, The above insulating film includes an oxide, and The above conductive filament is a lithium-ion battery formed by connecting oxygen vacancies generated by the movement of oxygen ions.
  4. In paragraph 1, The above insulating film includes a nitride, The above conductive filament is a lithium-ion battery formed by connecting nitrogen vacancies generated by the movement of nitrogen ions.
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  6. In paragraph 1, The first electrode above is a metal, and The above second electrode is a lithium-ion battery that is a metal or a semiconductor.
  7. A step of providing a lithium-ion battery comprising: an outer case; a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte located between them, the positive electrode lead connected to the positive electrode and extending outside the outer case; a negative electrode lead connected to the negative electrode and extending outside the outer case; and a memristor-based pressure sensor having an insulating film located between the positive electrode and the positive electrode lead and between the negative electrode and the negative electrode lead, wherein a conductive filament is selectively formed thereon. The pressure sensor comprises a first electrode and a second electrode disposed respectively on both sides of the insulating film, and the conductive filament is composed of vacancies of mobile ions, and A step of applying voltage to the pressure sensor when the interior of the lithium-ion battery is in a normal pressure state so that the conductive filament electrically connects the first electrode and the second electrode, and the mobile ion is located at the interface between the first electrode and the insulating film; A step in which the above pressure sensor becomes in a low-resistance state and a high current flows; A step in which, when the lithium-ion battery is in a high-pressure state outside of normal pressure, an external gas diffuses through the first electrode, and the mobile ions move toward the second electrode and react with the vacancies, thereby cutting the conductive filament; and A method of operating a lithium-ion battery comprising the step of blocking or suppressing the current between the positive electrode and the positive electrode lead and/or between the negative electrode and the negative electrode lead by making the pressure sensor above a high resistance state.
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Description

Lithium ion battery comprising a pressure sensor based on a memristor and operating method the same The present invention relates to a lithium-ion battery, and more specifically, to a lithium-ion battery comprising a pressure sensor. Lithium-ion batteries can be manufactured by injecting an electrolyte into an electrode structure comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator between the positive and negative electrodes. Such a lithium-ion battery is referred to as a unit cell; unit cells are connected in series or parallel to form battery modules, and these modules are further connected in series or parallel to produce battery packs. The manufactured battery packs are used in electric vehicles and various other products, and the system that manages them is called a Battery Management System (BMS). If the battery pack is subjected to external impact or other influences due to reasons such as collision, overheating, or overcharging of the electric vehicle, making it difficult for the battery management system to control the battery pack, problems may arise regarding the structural stability of the product. Specifically, when a low-boiling-point electrolyte is exposed to high temperatures due to an electric vehicle collision or other unknown reasons, or when cooling is not performed efficiently, the electrolyte can easily vaporize and turn into gas, causing the cell's volume to expand. As the cell's volume increases and its external shape deforms, the separator separating the cathode and anode may be damaged, leading to a short circuit and potentially providing an ignition source. Furthermore, if the gas from the electrolyte escapes to the outside and comes into contact with oxygen in the air to reach a concentration within the appropriate combustion range, it may ignite, eventually leading to an explosion and fire. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a lithium-ion battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a memristor-based pressure sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a memristor-based pressure sensor when voltage is applied to the pressure sensor in a normal pressure state inside a lithium-ion battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a memristor-based pressure sensor when the interior of a lithium-ion battery changes to a high-pressure state according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the response characteristics of a memristor-based pressure sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the response characteristics of a memristor-based pressure sensor according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is a graph showing the change in current according to pressure of the sensor manufactured in Example 1 of the pressure sensor manufacturing of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a lithium-ion battery cell to which a memristor-based pressure sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention is applied. Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. While the present invention allows for various modifications and variations, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in detail below. However, it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but rather the invention includes all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions consistent with the spirit of the invention as defined by the claims. When an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is referred to as existing "on" another component, it can be understood that this exists directly on the other element, or that an intermediate element may exist between them. Although terms such as first, second, etc., may be used to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or regions, it will be understood that these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or regions should not be limited by these terms. Examples One aspect of the present invention may provide a lithium-ion battery comprising a memristor-based pressure sensor. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a lithium-ion battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the lithium-ion battery of the present invention may include an outer case (500), a positive electrode (120) and a negative electrode (140) housed within the outer case (500), and an electrolyte (160) located between them. Additionally, the lithium-ion battery of the present invention may include a positive electrode lead (320) connected to the positive electrode (120) within the outer case (500) and extending outside the outer case (500), and a negative electrode lead (340) connected to the n