KR-102962826-B1 - Architecture for quantum information processing

KR102962826B1KR 102962826 B1KR102962826 B1KR 102962826B1KR-102962826-B1

Abstract

A device for processing quantum information is disclosed herein. According to an example, the device comprises a first plurality of confinement regions for confining radial charge carriers for use as data cudites. The device further comprises a second plurality of confinement regions for confining radial charge carriers for use as auxiliary cudites, and each confinement region of the second plurality of confinement regions may be coupled to a measuring device for measuring auxiliary cudites. The device further comprises a third plurality of confinement regions for confining radial charge carriers, and each confinement region of the third plurality of confinement regions is located between a first confinement region of the first plurality of confinement regions and a second confinement region of the second plurality of confinement regions, and is intended to be used to mediate the interaction between the data cudites of the first confinement region and the auxiliary cudites of the second confinement region. The device further comprises one or more charge storages. Each confinement region of the third plurality of confinement regions may be coupled to a charge storage of one or more charge storages. A method for operating a device for processing quantum information and a computer-readable medium is also described in this specification.

Inventors

모턴, 존
포가티, 마이클
스칼, 시몬
패토마키, 소피아

Assignees

퀀텀 모션 테크놀로지스 리미티드

Dates

Publication Date: 20260511
Application Date: 20200310
Priority Date: 20190321

Claims (20)

In a silicon-based device for quantum information processing, A first plurality of confinement regions for confining radial charge carriers for use as data qubits; A second plurality of confinement regions for confining radial charge carriers for use as auxiliary qubits, wherein each of the second plurality of confinement regions can be coupled to a measuring device for measuring auxiliary qubits; A third plurality of confinement regions for confining radial charge carriers, wherein each confinement region of the third plurality of confinement regions is located on a line between a first confinement region of the first plurality of confinement regions and a second confinement region of the second plurality of confinement regions that are spaced apart from each other, and is used to mediate an interaction between a data qubit of the first confinement region and an auxiliary qubit of the second confinement region; and One or more charge storages Includes, Each of the confinement regions of the third plurality of confinement regions above is, It can be coupled to one of the above one or more charge storages, and Mediated interactions are, To enable coupling interaction between each data qubit and each auxiliary qubit, the method includes an interaction that simultaneously affects each data qubit and each auxiliary qubit. Device.
In paragraph 1, Each of the first plurality of confinement regions comprises a quantum dot. Device.
In paragraph 1, Each quantum dot of the first plurality of confinement regions has a diameter of 5 nm to 100 nm, Device.
In paragraph 1, Each of the two confinement regions of the second plurality of confinement regions comprises a pair of quantum dots. Device.
In paragraph 1, Each of the three confinement regions above comprises a mediator quantum dot for including one or more radial charge carriers. Device.
In paragraph 5, The above mediator quantum dots include elongated mediator quantum dots. Device.
In paragraph 5, The above mediator quantum dot has a first dimension between 5 and 100 nm and a second dimension between 50 and 1000 nm, Device.
In any one of paragraphs 1 through 7, Each of the confinement regions of the third plurality of confinement regions above is, It is located between the first confinement area of the first plurality of confinement areas and the second confinement area of the second plurality of confinement areas, and The distance between the first confinement area and the second confinement area is, 50 nm to 1000 nm, Device.
In any one of paragraphs 1 through 7, Each of the confinement regions of the third plurality of confinement regions above is, It is located between the first confinement area of the first plurality of confinement areas and the second confinement area of the second plurality of confinement areas, and The distance between the confinement area of the third plurality of confinement areas and the first confinement area of the first plurality of confinement areas is, It is 0.5 nm to 20 nm, and The distance between the confinement area of the third plurality of confinement areas and the second confinement area of the second plurality of confinement areas is, 0.5 nm to 20 nm, Device.
In any one of paragraphs 1 through 7, The above radial charge carrier is an electron, Device.
In any one of paragraphs 1 through 7, The above device further includes a measuring device, and The above measuring device is configured to measure the state of one or more auxiliary qubits, Device.
In any one of paragraphs 1 through 7, The above device is for processing surface code quantum information, Device.
In any one of paragraphs 1 through 7, When a charge carrier escapes from the first confinement region of the first plurality of confinement regions or the second confinement region of the second plurality of confinement regions, the confinement region of the third plurality of confinement regions is configured to transfer the charge carrier to the first confinement region or the second confinement region in order to maintain charge stability across the first plurality of confinement regions and the second plurality of confinement regions. Device.
In any one of paragraphs 1 through 7, The apparatus further comprises a magnetic field generator for applying a magnetic field to the first and second plurality of confinement regions to separate the energy levels of the spin states of charge carriers in the first and second plurality of confinement regions. Device.
In any one of paragraphs 1 through 7, The above device is, It further includes a controller configured to apply a vibrating magnetic field to the plurality of first and second confinement regions, and The above vibrating magnetic field is, Having a frequency that matches the Zeeman splitting of the charge carrier in the first plurality of confinement regions, Device.
In any one of paragraphs 1 through 7, The invention further comprises a controller configured such that at least one of the third plurality of confinement regions is coupled to a charge storage facility to enable the transfer of charge carriers between the charge storage facility and at least one of the third plurality of confinement regions. Device.
In any one of paragraphs 1 through 7, A plurality of micromagnets, wherein each micromagnet is arranged in close proximity to the confinement region of the first plurality of confinement regions; and A controller for applying a vibrating electric field to a first plurality of confinement regions A device that further includes
In a method of operating a device according to paragraph 1, The above method is, The confinement region of the third plurality of confinement regions is coupled to the charge storage of the one or more charge storages to enable the transfer of charge carriers between the charge storage and at least one confinement region among the third plurality of confinement regions. method.
In Paragraph 18, The confinement region of the third plurality of confinement regions is coupled with the charge storage of one or more charge storages, which includes causing coupling as part of the ballast operation for the device. method.
In computer-readable storage media, A computer program that stores, when executed by a processor, causes said processor to perform the method of claim 18 or 19, Computer-readable storage media.

Description

Architecture for quantum information processing The present invention relates to a device, architecture, and system for use in quantum information processing and storage. The invention described herein is based, at least in part, on quantum mechanics, quantum information, and quantum computation. For interested readers, the basics are described in detail in "Quantum Computation and Quantum Information" by Michael A. Nielsen and Isaac L. Chuang. In particular, this reference covers the basics of quantum measurement on a complementary basis with the properties of qubits and provides an introduction to quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computing. This reference also helps readers become familiar with the notation commonly used in the field of quantum physics. A quantum computer is a device that processes quantum information, which is a generalization of classical information (e.g., discrete classical bits, i.e., 0 and 1) processed by classical computers. Because quantum computers can perform many tasks much more efficiently, they are likely to be much more powerful than classical computers for at least some processes. In a computer for processing quantum bits, also known as a "qubit," each qubit can be placed in one of two states. However, due to the nature of quantum bits, these two states may also be superimposed. When all qubits of a computer are placed in the appropriate superposition of states, the computer's total state superposition expands to 2n , where n is the number of qubits. By placing the computer in such a state superposition, various problems can be solved much faster using quantum algorithms such as Grover's algorithm. This can be attributed to the fact that, rather than executing each possible state sequentially, a qubit exists simultaneously in all possible combinations of states. While a qubit can be thought of as a superposition of classical 0, classical 1, or two states, it can also be thought of as a superposition of 0, 1, ..., n-1, or any one of n states. General-purpose quantum computers promise speed improvements in processing times for various tasks such as large-scale factorization, search algorithms, and quantum simulations, but the development of these quantum computers is hampered by the high precision required for quantum state control. From the perspective of qubits, in principle, qubit operators (Here Any 2-level system satisfying (which is the Pauli operator) can be used to define a qubit. The eigenstate of an operator is, for example, the basis state and here's the status It can be. The ground state is person The +1 eigenstate of the operator, and the state here is person It is the -1 eigenstate of the operator. However, the qubit is a superposition of eigenstates, It can exist as such. Z-based qubit measurements will typically project the qubit onto a ground state or an excited state with probabilities depending on parameters α and β. State projection can occur intentionally by the measurement or unintentionally as a result of the interaction between the qubit and the environment. Such unintentional state projection causes quantum errors. Therefore, qubit errors are random Phase flip operation or It can be modeled by introducing bit flip operations. A major obstacle in the development of quantum computers is decoherence, where quantum information is lost due to unintended interactions between quantum states and the external world. Quantum error correction can be used to protect quantum information from errors caused by decoherence and other noise sources. In practice, a logical qubit can be configured from multiple physical qubits so that the logical qubit can be processed more precisely than any individual physical qubit. One approach to building quantum computers is based on surface codes operating as stable codes. Theoretically, surface codes offer significant advantages due to their relatively high tolerance for local errors. In conventional surface codes, physical qubits are entangled together using a series of physical qubit Control-Not (CNOT) operations, and subsequent measurements of the entangled state provide means for error correction and error detection. A set of physical qubits entangled in this way is used to define logical qubits, which perform much better than basic physical qubits due to entanglement and measurements. For an introduction to surface code quantum computing, including the definition of "placket," the reader is directed to: "Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation", Fowler et al, Physical Review A, Volume 86, Issue 3, 032324, published September 18, 2012. In a conventional two-dimensional surface code architecture, multiple "data qubits" are interspersed with multiple "ancillary qubits" (also known as "measurement qubits"). A conventional surface code architecture (100) is illustrated in FIG. 1. Multiple data qubits (110) (indicated by black circles) are interspersed with multiple ancillary qubits (120