KR-20260064825-A - Direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system and ammonia ship comprising the same

KR20260064825AKR 20260064825 AKR20260064825 AKR 20260064825AKR-20260064825-A

Abstract

A direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system and an ammonia vessel including the same are disclosed. The direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system of the present invention comprises: an ammonia storage tank containing liquefied ammonia and ammonia boil-off gas generated therefrom; a direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell that receives ammonia boil-off gas from the ammonia storage tank to generate electrical energy and discharges exhaust gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen; a hydrogen purification unit that receives exhaust gas discharged from the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell and separates and purifies hydrogen; and a hydrogen utilization unit that utilizes hydrogen purified in the hydrogen purification unit; and controls the amount of electrical energy generated by the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell to control the amount of hydrogen discharged from the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell.

Inventors

장한울
변영진
김필근
임상택
강동억

Assignees

한화오션 주식회사

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20241029

Claims (14)

An ammonia storage tank comprising liquefied ammonia and ammonia evaporative gas generated therefrom; A direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell that receives ammonia evaporative gas from the above-mentioned ammonia storage tank, generates electrical energy, and emits exhaust gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen; A hydrogen purification unit that receives exhaust gas emitted from the above direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell and separates and purifies hydrogen; and A hydrogen utilization device unit that utilizes hydrogen purified in the above hydrogen purification unit; comprising A direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system that controls the amount of electrical energy generated by the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell and controls the amount of hydrogen emitted from the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell.
In claim 1, The above hydrogen purification unit comprises one or more of a temperature swing adsorber (TSA) and a pressure swing adsorber (PSA), in a direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system.
In claim 1, The above hydrogen utilization unit comprises one or more of a fuel cell that uses hydrogen as fuel, an engine that uses hydrogen as fuel, and a gas turbine that uses hydrogen as fuel, a direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system.
In claim 1, It further includes a hydrogen storage tank for storing hydrogen purified in the above-mentioned hydrogen purification unit, and A direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system in which hydrogen purified in the above hydrogen purification unit is stored in the above hydrogen storage tank or supplied directly to the hydrogen utilization unit.
In claim 1, A direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system further comprising an energy storage unit for storing electrical energy generated from the above direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell.
In claim 1, It further includes a heat exchanger that heats the ammonia evaporated gas using the waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the above direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell, and A direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system in which the heated ammonia evaporated gas is supplied directly to an ammonia solid oxide fuel cell.
In claim 1, A direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system further comprising a water discharge unit for removing water from exhaust gas discharged from the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell.
Propulsion engine; An ammonia storage tank comprising liquefied ammonia used as fuel for the above-mentioned propulsion engine and ammonia evaporative gas generated therefrom; A direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell that receives ammonia evaporative gas from the above-mentioned ammonia storage tank, generates electrical energy, and emits exhaust gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen; A hydrogen purification unit that receives exhaust gas emitted from the above direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell and separates and purifies hydrogen; and A hydrogen utilization device unit that utilizes hydrogen purified in the above hydrogen purification unit; comprising An ammonia vessel that controls the amount of hydrogen emitted from the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell by controlling the amount of electrical energy generated by the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell.
In claim 8, The above hydrogen purification unit comprises one or more of a temperature fluctuation adsorber (TSA) and a pressure fluctuation adsorber (PSA), in an ammonia vessel.
In claim 8, The above hydrogen utilization unit comprises one or more of a fuel cell that uses hydrogen as fuel, an engine that uses hydrogen as fuel, and a gas turbine that uses hydrogen as fuel, an ammonia vessel.
In claim 8, It further includes a hydrogen storage tank for storing hydrogen purified in the above-mentioned hydrogen purification unit, and An ammonia vessel in which hydrogen purified in the above hydrogen purification unit is stored in the above hydrogen storage tank or supplied directly to the hydrogen utilization unit.
In claim 8, An ammonia vessel further comprising an energy storage unit for storing electrical energy generated from the above-mentioned direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell.
In claim 8, It further includes a heat exchanger that heats the ammonia evaporated gas using the waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the above direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell, and An ammonia vessel in which the above-mentioned heated ammonia evaporative gas is directly supplied to an ammonia solid oxide fuel cell.
In claim 8, An ammonia vessel further comprising a water discharge section for removing water from exhaust gas discharged from the above-mentioned direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell.

Description

Direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system and ammonia ship comprising the same The present invention relates to a direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system and an ammonia vessel including the same. More specifically, the invention relates to a power generation system that produces electricity by applying a direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell using ammonia as fuel to regulate pressure within an ammonia storage tank caused by evaporative gas generated in the tank, and to an ammonia vessel applying the same, wherein excess hydrogen not used for power generation can be used for other purposes. As global warming intensifies, efforts are being made worldwide to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. With the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which included greenhouse gas reduction obligations for developed countries, set to expire in 2020, the 195 parties participating in the Paris Climate Change Accord—which was adopted at the 21st United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held in Paris, France in December 2015 and entered into force in November 2016—are making various efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Along with these global trends, interest in renewable energy (or renewable energy) such as wind, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, bioenergy, tidal, and geothermal power is increasing as pollution-free energy that can replace fossil fuels and nuclear power, and various technological developments are underway. Liquefied gases, including liquefied natural gas, can eliminate or reduce air pollutants during the liquefaction process, making them environmentally friendly fuels that emit fewer pollutants during combustion. Consequently, the global consumption of liquefied gases, such as LNG and LPG, has been rapidly increasing in recent years. Liquefied gases, produced by liquefying gas at low temperatures, have the advantage of significantly reducing their volume compared to natural gas, thereby improving storage and transportation efficiency. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a colorless, transparent liquid obtained by liquefying natural gas, which is mainly composed of methane, by cooling it to about -162°C. It has a volume that is about 1/600th that of natural gas. Therefore, liquefying natural gas allows for very efficient transport. Although the liquefaction temperature of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) varies depending on the composition, in the case of petroleum gas with propane as the main component, it liquefies at a low temperature of about -42°C at atmospheric pressure, and can be stored in a liquid state down to about 45°C at 18 bar and down to 20°C at 7 bar. However, while LNG and LPG are considered eco-friendly fuels compared to other fossil fuels, they still produce carbon dioxide during combustion, and ships using them as fuel continue to emit carbon dioxide during operation. FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. In order to fully understand the operational advantages of the present invention and the objectives achieved by the implementation of the present invention, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention and the contents described therein. The structure and operation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that in assigning reference numerals to the components of each drawing, identical components are denoted by the same numeral whenever possible, even if they are shown in different drawings. Direct Ammonia Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Generation System > The direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system of the present invention can be applied to ammonia ships. The above-mentioned ammonia vessel refers to an ammonia carrier or any type of vessel equipped with an ammonia propulsion engine capable of using ammonia as fuel, and preferably may be an ammonia carrier. Representative examples of vessels equipped with the above-mentioned ammonia propulsion engine include LPG carriers, LNG carriers, liquid hydrogen carriers, ammonia carriers, container ships, crude oil tankers, bulk carriers for minerals or grains, special vessels such as wind turbine installation vessels, and vessels with self-propulsion capabilities such as Ro-Ro (Roll on/Roll off) vessels. In addition, the power generation system of the ammonia vessel of the present invention can also be applied to offshore structures floating on the sea for the storage and/or supply of ammonia, even if they do not have propulsion capabilities. FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in FIG. 1, a direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell power generation system according to one embodiment of the present