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KR-20260065004-A - POLYCYCLIC COMPOUND, LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENT AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

KR20260065004AKR 20260065004 AKR20260065004 AKR 20260065004AKR-20260065004-A

Abstract

A polycyclic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is provided. A light-emitting element is provided, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising a light-emitting layer. The light-emitting layer comprises the polycyclic compound. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting element is provided. [Chemical Formula 1]

Inventors

  • 미야시타 히로카즈
  • 김형종
  • 박준하
  • 박한규
  • 성민재
  • 심문기
  • 정민정

Assignees

  • 삼성디스플레이 주식회사

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20241031

Claims (20)

  1. Polycyclic compounds represented by the following chemical formula 1: [Chemical Formula 1] (In the above chemical formula 1, X 1 and X 2 are each independently N(R 17 ), S, O, or Se, and Y 1 to Y 13 are each independently C or N, and R1 to R13 and R17 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 - C60 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 It is an aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C8 - C60 condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, or an electron-withdrawing group, and two adjacent R2 to R13 may optionally bond to each other to form a saturated ring, and The electron-withdrawing group is a group in which the para-Hammett substituent constant (σp) is greater than 0, and Multiple n are each independently 0 or 1, and R 14 to R 16 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 - C60 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 An aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryltio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C8 - C60 condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heteroaryl group, and At least one of Y 1 to Y 13 is N; At least one of R1 to R13 and R17 is an electronically turned-off device; At least one of R1 to R13 and R17 is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group; At least one of Y 1 to Y 13 is N, and at least one of R 1 to R 13 and R 17 is an electron-off group; At least one of Y1 to Y13 is N, and at least one of R1 to R13 and R17 is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group; At least one of R1 to R13 and R17 is an electron-withdrawing group, and at least one of the remainder is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group; or At least one of Y 1 to Y 13 is N, at least one of R 1 to R 13 and R 17 is an electron-withdrawing group, and at least one of the remainder is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group, and If there are two or more electron-withdrawing groups or groups substituted with electron-withdrawing groups, the multiple electron-withdrawing groups may be identical or different from each other, and the groups substituted with multiple electron-withdrawing groups may be identical or different from each other).
  2. In claim 1, the electron-withdrawing group is each independently selected from -F, -Cl, -Br , -I , -CF₃ , -COR₁₅ , -CO₂R₅₅, -SOR₂₅ , -SO₂R₅₅ , -CN, -SCN, -NO₂ , and the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing C₃ - C₃₀ cyclic group, and A polycyclic compound in which R 18 to R 21 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 30 cycloalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 30 aryl group.
  3. A polycyclic compound in which R 14 to R 16 are not electron-withdrawing groups and are not groups substituted with electron-withdrawing groups.
  4. In paragraph 1, R 14 to R 16 are not electron-donating groups, and are not groups substituted with electron-donating groups, and Polycyclic compounds in which the electron-donating group is a group whose substituent constant (σp) of the Hamet rule is less than -0.23.
  5. In paragraph 4, the electron-donating group is -NH₂ , -NH( R₂₂ ), -N( R₂₃ )( R₂₄ ), -OR₂₅ , or a π - electron-rich C₃ - C₃₀cyclic group, and A polycyclic compound in which R 22 to R 25 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 30 cycloalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 30 aryl group.
  6. In paragraph 1, at least one of Y 2 to Y 9 is N; At least one of R2 to R9 is an electron-off switch; At least one of R2 to R9 is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group; At least one of Y2 to Y9 is N, and at least one of R2 to R9 is an electron-offering group; At least one of Y2 to Y9 is N, and at least one of R2 to R9 is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group; At least one of R2 to R9 is an electron-withdrawing group, and at least one of the remainder is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group; or A polycyclic compound in which at least one of Y2 to Y9 is N, at least one of R2 to R9 is an electron-withdrawing group, and at least one of the remainder is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group.
  7. In claim 1, a polycyclic compound represented by any one of the following chemical formulas 1-1 to 1-4: [Chemical Formula 1-1] [Chemical Formula 1-2] [Chemical Formula 1-3] [Chemical Formula 1-4] (In the above chemical formulas 1-1 to 1-4, X 1 and X 2 are each independently N(R 17 ) or O, and Y2 , Y3 , Y5 , Y6 , Y8 , Y9 , Y10 , Y11 , and Y13 are each independently C or N, and R1 to R13 and R17 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 - C60 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 It is an aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryltio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C8 - C60 condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, or an electron-withdrawing group, and two adjacent R2 to R13 are not bonded to each other, Multiple n are each independently 0 or 1, and R 14 to R 16 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 - C60 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 An aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryltio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C8 - C60 condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, and A plurality of m1s are each independently integers from 0 to 5, and The singular or plural R a are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 - C30 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C30 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3- C30 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group , a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C30 heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C8 - C30 condensed polycyclic group, and If R a is plural, two adjacent ones among them may optionally combine to form a saturated or unsaturated ring).
  8. A polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein at least one of R1 to R13 and R17 is selected from the group represented by the following chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-25: [Chemical Formula 2-1] [Chemical Formula 2-2] [Chemical Formula 2-3] [Chemical Formula 2-4] [Chemical Formula 2-5] [Chemical Formula 2-6] [Chemical Formula 2-7] [Chemical Formula 2-8] [Chemical Formula 2-9] [Chemical Formula 2-10] [Chemical Formula 2-11] [Chemical Formula 2-12] [Chemical Formula 2-13] [Chemical Formula 2-14] [Chemical Formula 2-15] [Chemical Formula 2-16] [Chemical Formula 2-17] [Chemical Formula 2-18] [Chemical Formula 2-19] [Chemical Formula 2-20] [Chemical Formula 2-21] [Chemical Formula 2-22] [Chemical Formula 2-23] [Chemical Formula 2-24] [Chemical Formula 2-25] (In the above chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-25, Each of the multiple o is an integer from 0 to 2 independently, and Singular or multiple R EWGs are each independently selected from -F, -Cl, -Br , -I , -CF₃ , -COR₁₅ , -CO₂R₅₅ , -SOR₂₅ , -SO₂R₅₅ , -CN , -SCN, -NO₂ , and π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing C₂ - C₃₀ cyclic groups, and R 18 to R 21 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 30 cycloalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 30 aryl group, and A plurality of m1s are each independently an integer from 0 to 5, a plurality of m2s are each independently an integer from 0 to 4, and a plurality of m3s are each independently an integer from 0 to 3, and The singular or plural R b are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C10 cycloalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C10 aryl group, and If R b is plural, two adjacent ones among them may optionally combine to form a saturated or unsaturated ring).
  9. A polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently a group represented by any one of the following chemical formulas 3-1 to 3-12: [Chemical Formula 3-1] [Chemical Formula 3-2] [Chemical Formula 3-3] [Chemical Formula 3-4] [Chemical Formula 3-5] [Chemical Formula 3-6] [Chemical Formula 3-7] [Chemical Formula 3-8] [Chemical Formula 3-9] [Chemical Formula 3-10] [Chemical Formula 3-11] [Chemical Formula 3-12] (In the above chemical formulas 3-1 to 3-12, A plurality of m1s are each independently an integer from 0 to 5, a plurality of m2s are each independently an integer from 0 to 4, and a plurality of m3s are each independently an integer from 0 to 3, and The singular or plural R c are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C10 cycloalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C10 aryl group, and If R c is plural, two adjacent of them may optionally combine to form a saturated or unsaturated ring, and In Chemical Formulas 3-9 to 3-11, the *- bonding site is one of carbons 1 to 4, and in Chemical Formula 3-12, the *- bonding site is one of carbons 1 to 3).
  10. A polycyclic compound according to claim 8, wherein R 17 is a group represented by any one of the formulas 2-14 to 2-25; R 12 is a group represented by any one of the formulas 2-2, 2-3, and 2-8 to 2-12; or R 17 is a group represented by any one of the formulas 2-14 to 2-25, and R 12 is a group represented by any one of the formulas 2-2, 2-3, and 2-8 to 2-12.
  11. A polycyclic compound according to claim 9, wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently a group represented by any one of the above chemical formulas 3-5 to 3-12.
  12. In claim 11, a polycyclic compound in which Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently a group represented by the above chemical formula 3-5.
  13. In claim 1, the electron-withdrawing group is each independently selected from -F, -Cl, -Br, -I , -CF3 , -COR18 , -CO2R19 , -SOR20 , -SO2R21 , -CN, -SCN , substituted or unsubstituted triazine group, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole group, substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole group, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazine group, substituted or unsubstituted pyridine group, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine group, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyridine group, substituted or unsubstituted phthalazine group, substituted or unsubstituted quinoline group, substituted or unsubstituted quinazolin group, substituted or unsubstituted benzosinnoline group, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthroline group, and substituted or unsubstituted acridine group, and A polycyclic compound in which R 18 to R 21 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 aryl group.
  14. First electrode; Second electrode; and A light-emitting device comprising an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the intermediate layer comprising a light-emitting layer comprising a polycyclic compound of the following chemical formula 1: [Chemical Formula 1] (In the above chemical formula 1, X 1 and X 2 are each independently N(R 17 ), S, O, or Se, and Y 1 to Y 13 are each independently C or N, and R1 to R13 and R17 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 - C60 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 It is an aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C8 - C60 condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, or an electron-withdrawing group, and two adjacent R2 to R13 may optionally bond to each other to form a saturated ring, and The electron-withdrawing group is a group in which the para-Hammett substituent constant (σp) is greater than 0, and Multiple n are each independently 0 or 1, and R 14 to R 16 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 - C60 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 An aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryltio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C8 - C60 condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heteroaryl group, and At least one of Y 1 to Y 13 is N; At least one of R1 to R13 and R17 is an electronically turned-off device; At least one of R1 to R13 and R17 is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group; At least one of Y 1 to Y 13 is N, and at least one of R 1 to R 13 and R 17 is an electron-off group; At least one of Y1 to Y13 is N, and at least one of R1 to R13 and R17 is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group; At least one of R1 to R13 and R17 is an electron-withdrawing group, and at least one of the remainder is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group; or At least one of Y 1 to Y 13 is N, at least one of R 1 to R 13 and R 17 is an electron-withdrawing group, and at least one of the remainder is a group substituted with an electron-withdrawing group, and If there are two or more electron-withdrawing groups or groups substituted with electron-withdrawing groups, the multiple electron-withdrawing groups may be identical or different from each other, and the groups substituted with multiple electron-withdrawing groups may be identical or different from each other).
  15. A light-emitting device according to claim 14, wherein a plurality of light-emitting layers are disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a charge-generating layer is disposed between adjacent light-emitting layers, and at least one of the plurality of light-emitting layers comprises a polycyclic compound of Formula 1.
  16. In claim 14, the above-mentioned polycyclic compound is provided as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dopant or a phosphorescent host, for a light-emitting device.
  17. A light-emitting device according to claim 14, wherein the light-emitting layer emits blue light, and the maximum emission wavelength of the blue light is 440 nm to 480 nm.
  18. In claim 14, the light-emitting element comprising at least one of the compounds represented by the following chemical formulas 1-1 to 1-4, wherein the polycyclic compound comprises: [Chemical Formula 1-1] [Chemical Formula 1-2] [Chemical Formula 1-3] [Chemical Formula 1-4] (In the above chemical formulas 1-1 to 1-4, X 1 and X 2 are each independently N(R 17 ) or O, and Y2 , Y3 , Y5 , Y6 , Y8 , Y9 , Y10 , Y11 , and Y13 are each independently C or N, and R1 to R13 and R17 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 - C60 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 It is an aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryltio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C8 - C60 condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, or an electron-withdrawing group, and two adjacent R2 to R13 are not bonded to each other, Multiple n are each independently 0 or 1, and R 14 to R 16 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 - C60 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C60 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 An aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 - C60 aryltio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C8 - C60 condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, and A plurality of m1s are each independently integers from 0 to 5, and The singular or plural R a are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 - C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 - C30 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 - C30 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3- C30 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group , a substituted or unsubstituted C2 - C30 heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C8 - C30 condensed polycyclic group, and If R a is plural, two adjacent ones among them may optionally combine to form a saturated or unsaturated ring).
  19. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting element of claim 14 or 15.
  20. Includes the light-emitting element of claim 14 or 15, An electronic device that is one of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, a light for indoor or outdoor lighting and/or signaling, a head-up display, a fully or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a phablet, a personal information terminal (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a 3D display, a virtual reality or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall including multiple displays tiled together, a theater or stadium screen, a light therapy device, and a signboard.

Description

Polycyclic Compound, Light Emitting Element and Electronic Device The embodiments of the present application relate to polycyclic compounds, light-emitting elements, and electronic devices. Organic light-emitting diodes possess self-luminous characteristics and can provide enhanced viewing angle and contrast characteristics. In addition, they can provide high response speed and high brightness. It may include a light-emitting layer disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode. Holes moved from the first electrode and electrons moved from the second electrode may recombine in the light-emitting layer to generate excitons. As the excitons change from an excited state to a ground state, light emission characteristics are realized. The above-described light-emitting layer may include a host material and a dopant material for implementing the light-emitting mechanism described above. FIGS. 1 to 6 are schematic cross-sectional views showing light-emitting elements according to exemplary embodiments. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device according to exemplary embodiments. FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device according to exemplary embodiments. FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a stacked form of a light-emitting structure in a display device according to exemplary embodiments. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device according to exemplary embodiments. FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device according to exemplary embodiments. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an electronic device according to exemplary embodiments. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing an electronic device according to exemplary embodiments. According to the present disclosure, a polycyclic compound is provided that comprises at least one of an electron-withdrawing group and an electron-deficient nitrogen atom in a LUMO site. Additionally, a light-emitting element, a display device, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus comprising said polycyclic compound are provided. Definition of Terms In this specification, “substituted or unsubstituted” refers, for example, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a silyl group, an oxy group, a thio group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a carbonyl group, an ester group, a boron, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphine sulfide group, an alkyl group (e.g., C1 - C60 , C1 - C10 alkyl group), an alkenyl group (e.g., C2 - C60 , C2 - C10 alkenyl group), an alkynyl group (e.g., C2 -C60, C2- C10 alkynyl group), an alkoxy group (e.g., C1 - C60 , C1 - C10 alkoxy group), a hydrocarbon ring group, an aryl group (e.g., C6 - C60 aryl group), and a heterocyclic group (e.g., C1 It may refer to one that is substituted or unsubstituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of (-C 60 heterocyclic groups). For example, "substituted alkyl group" may refer to one in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is substituted with the substituent described above, thereby further bonding a substituent to a carbon atom of the alkyl group. The above substituent may include a combination selected from the groups described above. For example, at least one of the hydrogen atoms included as a substituent, such as an alkyl group or an aryl group, may be substituted with a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a silyl group, an oxy group, a thio group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a carbonyl group, an ester group, a boron, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphine sulfide group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydrocarbon ring group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group. Among the above substituents, multivalent substituents such as amino groups, phosphine sulfide groups, phosphine oxide groups, sulfinyl groups, sulfonyl groups, oxy groups, carbonyl groups, and ester groups may be substituted with C1 - C10 alkyl groups, C1 - C10 alkenyl groups, C1 - C10 alkynyl groups, or C6 - C10 aryl groups. In the term “substituted or unsubstituted C a - C b Y group” as used in this specification, C a - C b refers to the number of carbon atoms of the unsubstituted Y group and does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent. An alkyl group refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon group from which one hydrogen atom has been removed from a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon group. For example, the alkyl group may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a pentyl group, a neopentyl group, a 2-ethylbutyl group, a 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, etc. An alkylene group may refer to a divalent hydrocarbon group from which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon group. The al