RU-2861285-C1 - DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC SOIL SAMPLING

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: device for automatic soil sampling is disclosed, which has a drilling, positioning and extension mechanism, a hydraulic system that includes an independent hydraulic power unit, lifting-retracting and working hydraulic distributors, a drilling, working and retracting hydraulic motors, lifting and working hydraulic cylinders, interconnected; the extension mechanism consists of retracting guides, a retracting hydraulic motor, a travel shaft, a nut, retracting rollers and a retracting carriage; the positioning mechanism includes positioning rollers, positioning guides, a working hydraulic cylinder and a column; the drilling mechanism consists of a working element, its drive, a rod, a drilling carriage, a chain, a working hydraulic motor, working guides that are fixed on the side surfaces of the column, on which a drilling carriage is mounted with the possibility of axial movement by means of the working hydraulic motor interacting with the chain fixed between the upper and lower bases of the column, the drive of the working element, made in the form of a drilling hydraulic motor, coupled through the rod with the working element, made in the form of an Eidelman auger, is fixed on the drilling carriage. EFFECT: increasing soil sampling productivity, accelerating the sampling process, the ability to bring the soil sampler into working and transport positions, as well as its penetration into the soil and subsequent extraction from the borehole without using manual labour of an operator. 1 cl, 4 dwg

Inventors

• Tenekov Aleksei Aleksandrovich
• Tenekov Pavel Aleksandrovich

Dates

Publication Date

20260504

Application Date

20251008

Claims (1)

1. A device for automatic soil sampling, comprising a vehicle, a frame, a working element, a drive for the working element and a hydraulic system, characterized in that it has a drilling, positioning and retractable mechanisms mounted on the frame, wherein the hydraulic system includes an interconnected independent hydraulic station, lifting and retractable and working hydraulic distributors, drilling, working and retractable hydraulic motors, lifting and working hydraulic cylinders; the retractable mechanism consists of roll-back guides, a roll-back hydraulic motor, a travel shaft, a nut, roll-back rollers and a roll-back carriage, which is installed with the possibility of axial movement along the roll-back guides on the roll-back rollers by means of a roll-back hydraulic motor installed on the frame, rotating the travel shaft, interacting with a nut rigidly fixed on the roll-back carriage, wherein the positioning mechanism includes positioning rollers, positioning guides, a working hydraulic cylinder and a column, which is installed with the possibility of axial movement along the positioning guides on the positioning rollers by means of the stroke of the working hydraulic cylinder, fixed at one end on the positioning guides, and the other on the column, also the positioning mechanism is pivotally installed on the roll-back carriage with the possibility of its transfer from the horizontal - transport to the vertical - working position by means of the stroke of the lifting hydraulic cylinder, fixed at one end on the roll-back carriage, and the other on the positioning guide; The drilling mechanism consists of a working element, its drive, a rod, a drilling carriage, a chain, a working hydraulic motor, working guides, which are fixed on the side surfaces of the column, on which the drilling carriage is mounted with the possibility of axial movement by means of a working hydraulic motor interacting with a chain fixed between the upper and lower bases of the column, on which the drive of the working element is fixed, made in the form of a drilling hydraulic motor, aggregated through a rod with the working element, made in the form of an Eidelman drill.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices designed for collecting soil samples for the purpose of conducting agrochemical soil analyses in laboratory conditions. The automatic soil sampling device is designed for automatic, fast and accurate sampling of soil and ground from a specified depth and location for subsequent study in the field or laboratory. A drill is known (see Russian Federation patent for utility model No. 49086 class E21B 11/00, 2005) comprising a screw element with cutting edges, a handle, a rotation rod and a working axis with a sharpening at its end, wherein the screw element with cutting edges is secured to the working axis, the rotation rod is rigidly connected to the handle, and the connection of the working axis with the rotation rod is made detachable, said detachable connection is made threaded, and on the sides of said working axis and rotation rod facing each other, hexagonal thickenings are made. The disadvantage of this type of drill is its low productivity, due to its operating principle, which requires the operator to apply muscular force to insert and extract the drill, which leads to rapid fatigue. An analogue of the invention is an automatic device for soil selection (see Russian Federation patent for utility model No. 226042 class E02D 1/04, 2024), comprising a housing on which an upper and lower platform are movably mounted by means of guides, rigidly connected to each other, a translational motion drive is fixedly mounted on the housing, kinematically connected by a screw transmission to the upper platform, wherein the nut of the screw transmission is fixedly fixed on the upper platform, and a rotary motion drive is fixedly mounted on the lower platform, rigidly connected to the working element, a through container with an opening for the input and output of the working element is fixedly mounted on the lower part of the housing, wherein the translational and rotary motion drives have a common geometric axis and are electrically connected to a control device containing a microcontroller and a feedback system, which includes a linear displacement sensor mounted on the housing. The disadvantages of the known automatic soil sampling device are low productivity, which arises due to the need to carry out operations using the operator's muscle power to deploy and ensure uniform installation of the device at the site where the soil sample will be collected, in order to ensure the same conditions during each sample collection. The prototype of the claimed invention is a device for collecting soil samples (see the author's certificate for invention No. 1608453 class G01N 1/04, 1990), containing a vehicle, a frame, a working element, a drive for the working element and a hydraulic system. The disadvantages of this type of soil sampling device include the high complexity of the design and the unreliability of the samplers, which often become clogged with plant stems and roots. Furthermore, the radially arranged bushings do not move vertically relative to the field as the wheel rotates, and therefore, they are not filled uniformly, i.e., layer by layer, to the specified depth. This reduces the representativeness of the sample and does not meet the requirements of the sampling methodology. The technical result of the invention is an increase in the productivity of soil sampling, acceleration of the process of sampling any type of soil from a given borehole volume from various soil horizons, bringing the soil sampler into working and transport positions, as well as its insertion into the soil and subsequent extraction from the borehole without the use of manual labor of the operator. The technical result is achieved in that the device for automatic soil sampling, comprising a vehicle, a frame, a working element, a drive for the working element and a hydraulic system, according to the invention, has a drilling, positioning and retractable mechanisms mounted on the frame, wherein the hydraulic system includes, interconnected, an independent hydraulic station, lifting and retractable and working hydraulic distributors, drilling, working and retractable hydraulic motors, lifting and working hydraulic cylinders; the retractable mechanism consists of roll-back guides, a roll-back hydraulic motor, a travel shaft, a nut, roll-back rollers and a roll-back carriage, which is installed with the possibility of axial movement along the roll-back guides on the roll-back rollers, by means of a roll-back hydraulic motor installed on the frame, rotating the travel shaft, interacting with a nut rigidly fixed on the roll-back carriage, wherein the positioning mechanism includes positioning rollers, positioning guides, a working hydraulic cylinder and a column, which is installed with the possibility of axial movement along the positioning guides on the positioning rollers, by means of the stroke of the working hydraulic cylinder, fixed at one end on the positioning guides, and the o