RU-2861302-C1 - METHOD FOR CULTIVATING MUSTARD SIMULTANEOUSLY FOR SEEDS AND SILAGE UNDER CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN AGRICULTURE IN PERMAFROST ZONE

RU2861302C1RU 2861302 C1RU2861302 C1RU 2861302C1RU-2861302-C1

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, field fodder production, plant growing and agronomy. The method includes autumn ploughing once every four years to a depth of 18-25 cm followed by disking with a heavy harrow “БТ”-3.0; autumn tillage with a disc harrow “БДП” 3×4 to a depth of 15-18 cm. Upon reaching the physical ripeness of the soil, spring moisture closure in two tracks along and across is carried out with a toothed harrow “БЗСС”-1.0. Mineral fertiliser is applied at a dose of NPK 60 in the third decade of May – first decade of June, followed by pre-sowing treatment with a disc harrow “БДП” 3×4. Sowing of mustard seeds at a rate of 7-8 kg/ha is carried out with a row spacing of 30 cm. In the third decade of August, harvesting of ripe mustard seeds is carried out by cutting off the upper part of the stem – mustard pods – and placing them under a canopy for ripening for 6-8 days, followed by manual seed harvesting. Harvesting of the green mass of the middle part of the mustard stem for silage is carried out with a combine harvester. EFFECT: cultivation of mustard simultaneously for seeds and silage under the conditions of northern agriculture in the permafrost zone. 1 cl, 6 tbl

Inventors

Maksimova KHaritina Ivanovna
NIKOLAEVA VALENTINA SEMENOVNA
Smetanina Anna Nikolaevna
Kolesnikov Nikolai Vasilevich

Dates

Publication Date: 20260504
Application Date: 20250826

Claims (1)

The method of cultivating mustard simultaneously for seeds and silage in the conditions of northern agriculture of the cryolithozone, including autumn plowing once every four years to a depth of 18-25 cm, followed by disking with a BT-3.0 heavy harrow; autumn tillage with a BDP 3x4 disc harrow at a depth of 15-18 cm; upon the onset of physical maturity of the soil, spring moisture closure in two tracks lengthwise and crosswise with a BZSS-1.0 tooth harrow; application of mineral fertilizer at a dose of NPK 60 in the third ten-day period of May - first ten-day period of June, followed by pre-sowing cultivation with a BDP 3x4 disc harrow; sowing mustard seeds at a rate of 7-8 kg/ha with a row spacing of 30 cm; In the third ten days of August, ripe mustard seeds are harvested by cutting off the upper part of the stem (the mustard pods) and placing them under a canopy to ripen for 6-8 days, followed by manual harvesting of the seeds; the green mass of the middle part of the mustard stem is harvested for silage using a combine.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to forage production and crop growing, agronomy, and can be used in the cultivation of mustard for seeds and silage in the conditions of the short growing season of the cryolithozone. A method for cultivating white mustard on gray forest soils of the Central Non-Chernozem Zone is known. The method is preceded by pure winter wheat (RU Patent 2739440, published December 24, 2020, Bulletin No. 36). Foliar feeding of plants with multicomponent liquid fertilizers is carried out when 2-4 true leaves appear and during the budding/flowering phase, and harvesting occurs when the seeds are fully ripe. The technical result is an increase in oilseed yields on gray forest soils of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. However, this method is not suitable for cryolithozone conditions, as the soil cover, climatic conditions, and agricultural practices vary. A disadvantage of this method is the significant investment required for all types of fertilizers. A method for cultivating mustard in crop rotations is known (Patent No. 2689536, published May 28, 2019, Bulletin No. 16). The method involves primary tillage, consisting of one or two stubble cultivations after the preceding crop, pre-sowing tillage, including cover harrowing, cultivation to a depth of 5-6 cm, and rolling. Fifteen to 20 days before sowing, mustard seeds are treated with Furadan (15 kg/t) or Promet (25 kg/t) using the PS-10 seed treatment agent. Mustard is sown after plowing into fallow land after rice harvesting in late April using the inter-row method at a depth of 30 cm at a rate of 2.0-2.5 million viable seeds per hectare. Post-sowing rolling is then performed, and crop management includes post-emergence harrowing of the rosette stage. Crops are treated with Decis at a rate of 0.3-0.5 kg/ha and Metaphos at a rate of 0.7-1.0 kg/ha. Mustard is harvested using direct and split methods in the first and second ten-day periods of August. This method produces high-quality mustard seed when grown in rice paddies as part of a rice crop rotation. A drawback of this method is that the same agricultural practices used for growing mustard for seed are not suitable. In particular, mustard seeds do not mature in northern conditions by the specified harvesting time, and pre-sowing seed treatments with various preparations are labor-intensive. A method is known (Patent No. 2567198, published 10.11.2015, Bulletin No. 31) for growing green manure crops, such as mustard, which includes sowing under a cover grain crop, harvesting the cover crop and plowing the green manure crop into the soil, characterized in that before harvesting the cover crop, in the phase of its waxy ripeness of grain, the seeds of the green manure (mustard) crop are scattered over the surface of the soil, in the phase of full ripeness the cover crop is harvested, with its stem cut above the growth of the green manure crop, and in late autumn the green manure (mustard) crop is plowing into the soil. All these known methods of mustard cultivation are labor-intensive and, in terms of agricultural techniques, do not correspond to the natural and climatic conditions of the cryolithozone. The invention is based on the task of developing a method for obtaining mustard seeds rich in chemical composition for use in various areas of the food and industrial industries, as well as simultaneously developing a method for harvesting green mass as raw material for silage from sowing in one area, with the lowest costs and phytosanitary efficiency in the conditions of northern agriculture (cryolithozone). The technical result of the invention is a method for cultivating mustard simultaneously for seeds and silage in the conditions of northern agriculture in the cryolithozone, including autumn plowing once every four years to a depth of 18-25 cm, followed by disking with a BT-3.0 heavy harrow; autumn soil cultivation with a BDP 3x4 disc harrow to a depth of 15-18 cm; upon the onset of physical soil maturity, spring moisture closure in two tracks lengthwise and crosswise with a BZSS-1.0 tooth harrow; application of mineral fertilizer at a dose of NPK 60 in the third ten-day period of May - first ten-day period of June, followed by pre-sowing cultivation with a BDP 3x4 disc harrow; sowing mustard seeds at a rate of 7-8 kg/ha with a row spacing of 30 cm; In the third ten days of August, ripe mustard seeds are harvested by cutting off the upper part of the stem – the mustard pods – and placing them under a canopy to ripen for 6-8 days, followed by manual harvesting of the seeds; the green mass of the middle part of the mustard stem is harvested for silage using a combine. Experimental studies on mustard cultivation for seed and silage were conducted on the irrigated plot "Moydoh" of the agrofirm "Nemugyu" on the second floodplain terrace of the Lena River, which is located in the Prilensky agricultural landscape. The soil of the experimental plot belongs to the