RU-2861328-C1 - COVERED WAGON WITH ROOF OPENING MECHANISM

RU2861328C1RU 2861328 C1RU2861328 C1RU 2861328C1RU-2861328-C1

Abstract

FIELD: freight transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the design of freight wagons with an opening roof, namely to mechanisms for opening it. The wagon comprises a roof opening mechanism installed on the end wall, which includes a trapezoidal screw with a nut and a gearbox, a power plate moving in guides, a movable arm, power guides, a locking device and a link consisting of radial supports fastened together by crossbars and connected with the possibility of rotation to the power plate by means of a sleeve. The nut is movably installed in a housing, which is movably installed in hinge brackets fixed to the power plate. The power guides are beams of variable cross-section with outer and inner guide surfaces and are hingedly fixed to the power plate. The outer guide surface of each power guide contacts a support roller fixed on the end wall, and the inner guide surface of each power guide contacts a driven roller fixed on the link, on which a deflecting roller is also fixed for contacting the movable arm, fixed with the possibility of rotation on the end wall of the wagon and connected to the deflecting handles. The power plate contacts the guides by means of lifting rollers fixed on it. The gearbox shaft is connected by a flexible connection to a drive shaft with a rotation element installed on it, and to the electric motor shaft. EFFECT: simple and reliable opening of the wagon roof to either side of the wagon (left or right), eliminating jamming and misalignment. 12 cl, 10 dwg

Inventors

KRAVCHENKO ANDREJ NIKOLAEVICH
Chekodanov Evgenij Vladimirovich
Semova Yuliya Mikhajlovna

Dates

Publication Date: 20260504
Application Date: 20251224

Claims (12)

1. A covered wagon with a roof opening mechanism mounted on its end wall and including a trapezoidal screw with a nut and a gearbox, a power plate moving in guides, a movable switch, power guides, a flexible connection, a locking device and a link consisting of radial supports fastened together by crossbars and rotatably connected to the power plate by means of a bushing, as well as an electric motor, characterized in that the nut is movably installed in a housing, which in turn is movably installed in hinged brackets secured to the power plate, the power guides are beams of variable cross-section with external and internal guide surfaces and pivotally secured to the power plate, wherein the outer guide surface of each power guide contacts a support roller secured to the end wall, and the inner guide surface of each power guide contacts a driven roller secured to the link, on which also a deflection roller is secured for contact with a movable switch, secured with the possibility of rotation on the end wall of the car and connected with deflection handles, while the power plate contacts the guides by means of lifting rollers secured to it, also a rod with a spring pack is secured to it at one end, resting with its upper end against a stop secured to the end wall, a flexible connection connects the shaft of the gearbox with the drive shaft with a rotating element installed on it, and the shaft of the electric motor is connected to the shaft of the gearbox.
2. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the drive shaft is brought out to both sides of the wagon.
3. A covered wagon according to paragraph 2, characterized in that each end of the shaft is provided with a rotating element.
4. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the flexible connection is a chain drive or a belt drive.
5. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the rotating element is removable.
6. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the rotating element is a steering wheel.
7. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the rotating element is a handle.
8. A covered wagon according to paragraph 6, characterized in that the steering wheel contains a handle.
9. A covered wagon according to clause 8, characterized in that the handle is made folding.
10. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the guides are made in the vertical posts of the end wall.
11. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the locking device is a stopper rigidly fixed to the linkage and a counter support rigidly fixed to the wagon body.
12. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electric motor shaft is connected to the gearbox shaft via a coupling or via a flange.

Description

The invention relates to railway transport, namely to a freight car with an opening roof and a mechanism for opening it. A wagon with a sliding roof is known from the prior art (RU 187593, B61D 39/00, published 12.03.2018), comprising a sliding roof equipped with radial supports on each transverse side, and a roof movement mechanism, which comprises a jack with a vertical movement drive on each end side of the wagon. The disadvantage of this design is the complexity of control and maintenance of equipment, including jacks with servo drives, which requires highly qualified personnel. At the same time, the safe placement of the roof and its lowering onto the walls of the car under its own weight requires operators to have certain experience in such work and special permission to do it. Also known from the prior art is a mechanism for opening the roof of a carriage (RU 2693601, B61D 39/00, published 03.07.2019), containing steering wheels, shafts with sprockets connected by chains and a switching unit, a screw jack, a lifting plate, guides, a linkage, a counterweight in the form of a spring block, a bracket and a worm gear. The disadvantage of this design is its complexity, which lies both in the complexity of the design itself, consisting of many transmission elements, and in the complexity of the mechanism’s operation, which is divided into separate stages of raising and lowering the roof, and requires that operators have a certain amount of experience in such work and knowledge of the device. Also known from the prior art is a railcar with a full-width, multi-sided roof opening (RU 228021, B61D 39/00, published August 12, 2024), comprising a roof, end walls with vertical guides, radial supports, a nut, a trapezoidal propeller with a gearbox, an electric motor connected to the gearbox, an end wall crossbeam, a crossbar, a load plate, a bearing bushing, guide surfaces, a movable switch, an upper crossbeam of radial supports, and a flexible coupling. This technical solution was selected as the prototype for the claimed invention. A disadvantage of this design is the low reliability of the opening mechanism, which is due to a combination of solutions that can lead to jamming of the mechanism or an emergency situation, such as: the length of the trapezoidal screw in combination with its tilt during operation, leading to the occurrence of enormous bending loads on it from the roof; the combination of a screw and nut with a trapezoidal thread during operation in various planes (depending on the position of the roof) will inevitably lead to thread distortion and jamming of the mechanism as a whole; the inability to manually open the roof in force majeure circumstances; the absence of compensation springs capable of reducing the loads on the mechanism arising during operation. The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the reliability of the freight car roof opening mechanism by increasing the degrees of mobility of the nut on the trapezoidal screw, eliminating bending loads on this screw, introducing a spring pack that compensates for the loads arising from the weight of the roof when it is raised, reducing the efficiency losses of the engine due to its direct connection to the gearbox, and also due to the presence of a manual drive duplicating the electric drive in the event of problems with the external power source. The technical result is achieved in that in a covered wagon with a roof opening mechanism mounted on its end wall and including a trapezoidal screw with a nut and a gearbox, a power plate moving in guides, a movable switch, power guides, a flexible connection, a locking device and a link consisting of radial supports fastened together by crossbars and connected, with the possibility of rotation, to the power plate by means of a sleeve, as well as an electric motor, according to the invention, the nut is movably installed in the housing, which in turn is movably installed in hinged brackets secured to the power plate, the power guides are beams of variable cross-section with external and internal guide surfaces and pivotally secured to the power plate, wherein the external guide surface of each power guide contacts a support roller secured to the end wall, and the internal guide surface of each power guide contacts a driven roller secured to a link, on which a deflection roller is also fixed for contact with a movable switch, fixed with the possibility of rotation on the end wall of the car and connected with deflection handles, while the force plate contacts the guides by means of lifting rollers fixed on it, also on it at one end a rod with a pack of springs is fixed, the upper end of which rests against a stop fixed on the end wall, a flexible connection connects the shaft of the gearbox with the drive shaft with a rotating element installed on it, and the shaft of the electric motor is connected to the shaft of the gearbox. Additionally, the drive shaft can be extended to both si