RU-2861340-C1 - DETONATOR

RU2861340C1RU 2861340 C1RU2861340 C1RU 2861340C1RU-2861340-C1

Abstract

FIELD: initiation means. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a detonator. The detonator consists of a cap with a charge of high explosive and a cup with a silk circle and initiating explosives pressed into it. The cap is made with a cap base. The ratio of the mass of the material of the cap base to the mass of the high explosive charge is 0.2-0.4. EFFECT: increasing the initiating ability of the detonator. 1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Inventors

Vershinin Konstantin Andreevich
GORNYJ VLADIMIR IVANOVICH
Vetrenko Andrej Gennadevich
Sladkevich Vladimir Anatolevich

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20250109

Claims (1)

A detonator capsule consisting of a cap with a charge of high explosive pressed into it and a cup with a silk circle and initiating explosives pressed into it, wherein the cap is made with a cap bottom, characterized in that the ratio of the mass of the material of the cap bottom to the mass of the charge of high explosive is 0.2-0.4.

Description

The proposed invention relates to initiation means used in separation systems (SS) of rocket and space, marine, aviation equipment and to civil engineering Capsule detonators (CD) are designed to initiate detonating extended charges (DEC) in a metal casing, which ensure the cutting of obstacles in the SR. One of the challenges facing developers of separation systems based on detonation sensors is increasing the initiating capability of the detonation device. Increasing this capability will improve the reliability of separation systems. Furthermore, with the development of higher-power detonation sensors with thick-walled metal shells, increasing the initiating capability of the detonation device will improve the reliability of detonation pulse transmission from the detonation device to the detonation sensor. Currently, to initiate the detonator, the KD-UED OST V 84-2430-89 type detonator caps are used. These caps are made of aluminum-magnesium alloy or cupronickel with charges of a high explosive (HE) - hexogen or octogen - pressed into it in sequence, an initiating explosive (IEE), for example, lead azide, and a pseudo-initiator, for example, lead trinitroresorcinate (TNRS). There are a number of known ways to increase the initiating ability of a charge detonator, the main one being an increase in the mass of the explosive charge. However, increasing the mass of the explosive charge in charge detonators intended for use in rocket and spacecraft missile systems is unacceptable for the following reasons. When a charge detonator with an increased explosive charge mass is fired, the overloads acting on the missile system structure increase, and the gas contamination from the explosive charge detonation products (gaseous and condensed) increases. In addition, the dimensions of the charge detonator increase. The use of, for example, a cumulative effect (forming a cumulative recess in the cap base) to increase the initiating ability of the charge detonator also does not lead to an increase in the initiating ability of the charge detonator, and in some cases leads to a decrease in it [1]. The stated goal (increasing the initiating ability of the cap) is achieved by the fact that in the proposed design of the cap, the ratio of the mass of the cap base to the mass of the explosive charge is 0.2-0.4. The results of the studies establishing the dependence of the initiating capacity of the CD on the ratio of the mass of the cap bottom to the mass of the explosive charge are presented in Table 1. The tests were conducted on a DUS with a metal casing. The distance between the bottom of the CD and the metal casing of the DUS was 40 mm. The rationale for the results obtained is as follows. When initiating a detonator whose charge is enclosed in a metal shell, a shock-wave initiation occurs. The magnitude of the critical initiation pressure depends on the duration of its action [2]. With a small value of the mass ratio of the cap base and the explosive charge, i.e., a relatively thin and light base, a high fragmentation velocity and, accordingly, a high value of the impact pressure of their impact with the surface of the metal shell of the detonator are achieved. However, the duration of the pressure action is short, which leads to incomplete detonation of the detonator. With a large value of the mass ratio of the cap base and the explosive charge, i.e., a relatively thick and heavy base, the duration of the impact pressure action increases, but at the same time the impact pressure decreases, since the velocity of the base throwing decreases. From the above, it follows that there is an optimal range of mass ratios between the cap base and the explosive charge that ensures the best conditions for detonator initiation with a blasting cap. The cap material is a key factor in increasing the detonator's initiating ability. At the optimal mass ratio between the cap base and the explosive charge, a cap base material with a higher acoustic impedance ρ⋅c (ρ is the material density, c is the speed of sound in the material), such as steel, cupronickel, or copper, provides higher detonator initiating ability than materials with relatively low acoustic impedance, such as aluminum. This is explained by the fact that when a cap base made of a material with high acoustic impedance collides with the metal shell of the detonator, a higher impact pressure occurs with the target. The proposed design of the CD is shown in Fig. 1 and consists of a cap (5) made of a material with high acoustic rigidity, such as cupronickel, with a charge of explosives (6), such as hexogen or octogen, pressed into it, and a cup (1), into which, in turn, the explosives (3) and (4), such as lead azide and lead azide, are successively pressed. To prevent the explosives from spilling through the bottom of the cup, a circle (2) made of silk fabric is included in the design. The mass ratio of the cap bottom to the explosives charge is in the range of 0.2-0.4. The trigge