RU-2861345-C1 - METHOD FOR PURIFYING AIR IN ROOMS OF SEALED OBJECTS FROM COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

RU2861345C1RU 2861345 C1RU2861345 C1RU 2861345C1RU-2861345-C1

Abstract

FIELD: protective structures. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of life support in emergency situations occurring in bomb shelters or industrial premises during fires or the ingress of poisonous gases when it is impossible to take in outside air and there is no communication with the atmosphere. A method for purifying air in rooms of sealed objects from combustion products consists of supplying a gas-air mixture to another non-emergency sealed room by means of a flow inducer, discharging the gas-air mixture through a normalisation unit for purification, performing normalisation of the temperature of the gas-air mixture, wherein the purification of the gas-air mixture is performed in the normalisation unit with the additional inclusion of an electric filter, a cooler, a compressor, a membrane separator and a vessel for harmful gas, wherein after supplying the gas-air mixture to another non-emergency sealed room by means of the flow inducer, the gas-air mixture is purified from smoke and large aerosols by an electric filter, which is then supplied to a fine dust filter to remove finely dispersed aerosols and particles, and after normalising the temperature of the gas-air mixture by cooling in an air cooler operating on the principle of evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant, it is then compressed by a compressor for subsequent purification of air containing nitrogen and oxygen from gaseous combustion products, including carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, in a membrane separator having two outlets, through one of which purified air is supplied to the serviced room, and through the other outlet, combustion products are collected in a vessel for harmful gases. EFFECT: providing the possibility of purifying a gas-air mixture after fire extinguishing from combustion products and fire extinguishing compositions, including halons and fire extinguishing agents, ensuring the functional capability of purifying a gas-air mixture from harmful substances, including carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and cooling the gas-air mixture after purification. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Inventors

Sarkisov Sergej Vladimirovich
FEDOROV ALEKSANDR BORISOVICH
Valujskij Vitalij Andreevich
Zemlyanko Evgenij Leonidovich
Chernykh Aleksej Sergeevich
Sazhin Kirill Andreevich
Dobryshkin Evgenij Olegovich
Akopov Ruslan Ruslanovich
Konnov Nikolaj Vladimirovich

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20250627

Claims (2)

1. A method for cleaning the air in sealed facilities from combustion products, which consists of feeding a gas-air mixture into another non-emergency sealed room by means of a flow booster, removing the gas-air mixture through a normalization unit for cleaning, normalizing the temperature of the gas-air mixture, characterized in that the cleaning of the gas-air mixture is performed in the normalization unit with the additional inclusion of an electric filter, a cooler, a compressor, a membrane separator and a container for harmful gas, while after feeding the gas-air mixture into another non-emergency sealed room by means of a flow booster, the gas-air mixture is cleaned of smoke and large aerosols by an electric filter, which is then fed to a fine dust filter to remove finely dispersed aerosols and particles, and after normalizing the temperature of the gas-air mixture by cooling in an air cooler operating on the principle of evaporation and condensation of the refrigerant, it is then compressed by a compressor for subsequent cleaning of air containing nitrogen and oxygen from gaseous combustion products, including carbon monoxide and dioxide, in a membrane separator with two outlets, one of which supplies purified air to the serviced room, and through the other outlet the combustion products are collected in a container for harmful gases.
2. A method for cleaning the air of sealed facilities from combustion products according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a fan is used as a flow driver.

Description

The invention relates to the field of life support in emergency situations arising in bomb shelters, industrial premises or sealed facilities of various purposes during fires or the ingress of toxic gases when it is impossible to draw in outside air and there is no connection with the atmosphere. A known flue gas cleaning system operates by directing rising flue gases up a pipe with a developed surface, formed as a cascade of conical rings, and mixing them with an aerosol of finely dispersed water, created by injecting water through nozzles. The water, having adsorbed particles from the flue gases, flows down the developed surface into the water purification system, and the purified gases exit through the pipe. Contact with water cools the purified gas (RU 2462292 C2, published 27.01.2012). The disadvantages of this known technical solution include the extremely low efficiency of flue gas cleaning, as gas movement is initiated solely by natural convection, and the fact that the gas circulation is not closed, meaning that the gas flow is unidirectional, creating conditions for the influx of fresh air into the combustion zone. A known emergency ventilation system involves providing a fresh air supply and exhausting flue gases using a fan (RU 2198351 C2, published 10.02.2003). The disadvantages of this known technical solution include the fact that providing a fresh air supply inevitably contributes to the development of a fire, and the exhaust fan is exposed to high temperatures, which leads to failure in an emergency. Furthermore, the dependence of the drive units on power supply systems (electrical grids) significantly reduces the system's reliability due to the high probability of disconnecting the burning structure from the power grid. Furthermore, the use of independent power sources significantly increases the cost of the emergency system and reduces its reliability. It should be noted that using only an exhaust system prevents outward opening of doors under vacuum, and the use of natural pressure differential in aeration systems is impractical for multi-story buildings. A known method for cleaning indoor air from harmful gases, aerosols, and combustion products from fires and man-made accidents (RU 2687502 C2, published 14.05.2019) consists of feeding liquid into a spraying device, spraying the liquid in the direction of a channel formed by the walls of a hollow housing, thereby ejecting gas from the ventilated room following the jets of sprayed liquid, creating a directed flow of gas and dispersed liquid into the channel of the hollow housing, collecting the liquid-gas mixture in a separator installed at the outlet of the channel, separating the mixture into liquid and vapor-gas components, while performing heat exchange, removing heat from the gas by the liquid, and also adsorbing impurities from the gas, and sending the cooled and purified gas back to the ventilated room. A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the low efficiency of air purification from combustion products, which does not allow the air to be used for human breathing, namely, fine dust and toxic substances, since fine dust passes through water droplets, and many toxic substances, such as carbon monoxide, do not dissolve in water. The closest technical solution to the claimed one is a method for normalizing the parameters of the gas-air environment (GAE) of sealed spaces of inhabited facilities after a fire and fire extinguishing, and a device for implementing this method (RU 2636381 C1, published 22.11.2017), which consists in reducing the pressure in the emergency space, resulting from the fire and fire extinguishing, to normal, by freely flowing GAE or using a flow booster, into another - non-emergency sealed space through a pipeline and, further, through a normalization unit, which performs purification from smoke, aerosols, harmful chemicals, oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and normalization of the GAE temperature. The GAE entering the non-emergency sealed space is purified from carbon dioxide by a standard air regeneration system, which, in addition, adds the required amount of oxygen. The hot water pressure in the non-emergency room increases, so the excess is compressed by a compressor into high-pressure air cylinders. When the pressure in the emergency room reaches normal or close to it, the flow booster activates, either drawing hot water from the emergency room through a pipeline and, after passing through a normalization unit for all parameters except carbon dioxide and oxygen levels, returning it to the emergency room through another pipeline, or returning fully purified hot water from the non-emergency room to the emergency room. The normalization process continues until the emergency room's hot water reaches the specified level. The disadvantage of the known technical solution is: Air purification is impossible when extinguishing a fire with substances containing freons and fire extinguishers.