RU-2861394-C1 - METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING BUILDING, STRUCTURE

RU2861394C1RU 2861394 C1RU2861394 C1RU 2861394C1RU-2861394-C1

Abstract

FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to civil, agricultural, as well as industrial construction facilities, in particular to methods for erecting buildings from blocks. The essence of the invention is that in a method for constructing a building, a structure, consisting of preparation which includes laying a foundation slab, delivering necessary materials, tools and auxiliary materials, as well as erecting external and internal walls from blocks, initially, corner blocks of the external walls are installed on the foundation slab, having previously applied glue to the points of contact of the blocks with each other and the foundation slab, then the start blocks of the intermediate walls are installed flush against the external wall blocks, also having applied glue to the points of contact of the blocks and the foundation, then horizontal fastening and guide rails are mounted on the outside of each wall, then the next blocks of the external wall being erected are installed flush against those already installed previously, repeating the installation of the next wall block until the wall section is completely filled, after that, corner elements made of the same blocks of the second tier of walls are installed similarly to the first, installing them on the first tier of already mounted blocks, and all subsequent operations that were performed earlier with respect to the first tier are repeated, wherein in all cases, the blocks are forcibly fixed to the fastening and guide rails for the duration of glue setting, wherein during the installation of the third and subsequent tiers, all operations are carried out as for the first tier, then window and door openings are formed with reinforcement installed therein. EFFECT: possibility of using the same block both in terms of design and standard sizes, and being structurally simple in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. 15 cl, 12 dwg

Inventors

Korneenkov Mikhail Ivanovich

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20250416

Claims (15)

1. A method for constructing a building or structure consisting of preparation that includes laying a foundation slab, delivering the necessary materials, tools and auxiliary materials, as well as erecting external and internal walls from blocks, characterized in that corner blocks of the external walls are first installed on the foundation slab, having previously lubricated with glue the places where the blocks touch each other and the foundation slab, then blocks of the beginning of the intermediate walls are installed close to the blocks of the external walls, also having lubricated the places where the blocks and the foundation touch, then horizontal fastening and guide rails are mounted on the outside of each wall, then the next blocks of the external wall being erected are installed close to those already installed earlier, repeating the installation of the next wall block until the pier is completely filled, after which corner elements from the same blocks of the second tier of walls are installed similarly to the first, installing them on the first tier of already mounted blocks, and repeating all subsequent operations that were carried out earlier in relation to the first tier, while in all cases the blocks to The fastening and guide rails are forcibly fixed while the glue hardens, and when installing the third and subsequent tiers, all operations are carried out in the same way as for the first tier, then window and door openings are formed with the installation of reinforcement in them.
2. The method of constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that after the walls are erected, they are puttied both from the outside and from the inside.
3. A method for constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the construction of external and internal walls is carried out from blocks made of aerated concrete.
4. The method of constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 2, characterized in that after filling the external walls, they are faced with tiles.
5. The method of constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the installation of intermediate blocks, both external and internal walls, is carried out at a distance of no more than 6 meters from each other in the spaces between the corners of the walls.
6. A method for constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the blocks are forcibly fixed to the fastening and guide rails during the time the glue hardens using self-drilling screws.
7. A method for constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the installation of fastening and guide rails between wall elements is carried out using a screwdriver.
8. A method for constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that when installing blocks made of aerated concrete, adhesive for aerated concrete is used.
9. The method of constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the installation of the next wall element close to the one already installed is carried out by squeezing out excess glue from the seams.
10. The method of constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that window and door openings are cut “on site” using an electric saw.
11. The method of constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a groove 3 cm deep is milled above the window and door openings, into which reinforcement is installed, and then the groove is filled with mortar.
12. The method of constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that upon completion of the installation of the walls, the guide rails are dismantled.
13. A method for constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the walls, both outside and inside, are covered with putty for aerated concrete in two layers.
14. A method for constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that when covering the walls from the outside with putty, a fine reinforcing facade fiberglass mesh is used.
15. A method for constructing a building or structure according to paragraph 1, characterized in that when installing blocks on a foundation slab, they are secured on both sides with supports.

Description

The invention relates to construction, specifically to civil, agricultural, and industrial construction projects, and in particular to methods for constructing buildings from blocks. More specifically, the invention relates to methods for constructing external and internal walls from blocks made of aerated concrete. Various methods are known for constructing buildings and structures from aerated concrete blocks. For example, the German aerated concrete block manufacturer Xella, under the Ytong brand, offers mechanization for the construction of buildings and structures from heavy and large aerated concrete blocks. This Xella construction method involves installing wall blocks exclusively using mechanization, and the size and weight of the wall blocks necessitate the use of lifting mechanisms for their installation. Xella's method for installing wall elements is as follows: Each wall element, whose height matches the height of the wall being erected, is moved to the installation site using a lifting mechanism, where the worker adjusts the wall element to the installation location. Guide rails are not used; vertical installation of the wall element is ensured using a spirit level. After installation, the wall element is secured with lateral braces. Xella also offers a technology for installing wall elements measuring 998 x 623 x 248 mm. For these elements, the company offers a specially designed lifting mechanism. Furthermore, when manufacturing these wall elements, Xella creates special mounting grooves, which allow the lifting mechanism to grip the wall element and lift it to the installation site. This installation technology operates as follows. A worker, using a special Xella lifting mechanism, grips the wall element and moves it from its storage location on the construction site to the installation site. Aerated concrete adhesive is applied to the installation site, after which the lifting mechanism lowers the wall element into place. This process is repeated until the entire wall is installed. This method of building construction is highly industrialized and mechanized. However, the high level of industrialization and mechanization necessitates specialized equipment and a complex technological process, as well as the appropriate qualifications of the construction workers. Therefore, the disadvantage of this method of constructing a building or structure is the need to use a large number of special machines and mechanisms, as well as the use of highly qualified builders. There is also a known method of constructing a building or structure, patented under the name: "Method of erecting a building from hollow blocks" (see Russian Federation patent for invention No. 2 033 501, IPC: E04B 2/14 (1995.01); E04B 2/04 (1995.01); E04G 21/00 (1995.01) with priority from 26.02.1993). This method of constructing a building or structure is as follows. Corner (also known as opening) blocks, row blocks and additional blocks are installed in tiers on a concrete preparation. At the intersections of walls, as well as along the perimeter of openings and in the corners of the building, horizontal reinforcement frames are installed, passing over the partitions of blocks made of a smaller height than the walls of the blocks, and connected to vertical frames installed behind the partitions of adjacent blocks. At the service passages, openings are made in the block walls, into which junction boxes are installed with tubes for electrical cables and other communication networks. These tubes are secured to the block's mounting loops, which also serve as guides and anchors for the blocks above to those below. The hardening material is placed in the hollow blocks, assembled and secured with rods, filling the vertical wells and horizontal channels and, after curing, providing the overall load-bearing capacity of the walls, as well as thermal and acoustic insulation. The load-bearing layer of permanent formwork protects the exterior surface from atmospheric influences during the building's operation. Plastering work on the interior wall surfaces is eliminated (unlike in brick buildings). The method for constructing a building from hollow blocks is as follows: vertical reinforcement cages are installed and secured on a concrete foundation. The first tier of hollow blocks is then installed: corner blocks are installed directly at the corners of the building, then doorways are formed from these same blocks, facing the end walls toward the openings. Next, course and extension blocks are laid in the spaces between the corner and lintel blocks. When installing the second tier, corner blocks are installed at the corners perpendicular to the blocks of the first tier, ensuring a clear connection between the corners. A T-shaped joint connecting the exterior and interior walls is formed by laying corner and extension blocks tier by tier. The axis of the extension block is aligned with the exterior wall, and the axis of the corner block is aligned