RU-2861422-C1 - MACHINE FOR HARVESTING ROOT CROPS AND BULBOUS VEGETABLES

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: machine comprises a frame with wheels, a digging share, a lifting device in the form of wedge-shaped belts mounted at an angle to the horizontal on driving and driven pulleys, and a hauler. The frame is equipped with an electric power source with an electric drive, a compressor with a compressed air receiver and hoses, and a control unit. The digging share is made in the form of a row of tined cultivator sweeps mounted on elastic struts and fixed to the frame from below, each of which is equipped with a vibration device providing simultaneous longitudinal vibration along the direction of travel of the machine, and air pipelines placed under the wings of the sweeps, connected by hoses via the control unit to the compressed air receiver, configured to supply compressed air pulses under the root system of adjacent rows of the harvested plants. The distance between the sweeps is twice the row spacing width. EFFECT: increasing productivity, reducing traction resistance and energy consumption, preserving soil moisture, and reducing soil degradation. 1 cl, 2 dwg

Inventors

• Fedorenko Viacheslav Filippovich

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20251110

Claims (1)

1. A machine for harvesting root crops and bulbous vegetables, comprising a frame with wheels, an undercutting share, a topping device in the form of V-shaped belts installed at an angle to the horizon on the driving and driven pulleys, and a top remover, characterized in that the frame is equipped with a power source with an electric drive, a compressor with a compressed air receiver and hoses, a control unit, the undercutting share is made in the form of a row of arrow-shaped cultivator paws mounted on elastic stands and secured to the frame from below, each of which is equipped with a vibration device that ensures their simultaneous longitudinal vibration in the direction of movement of the machine, and air pipelines located under the wings of the paws, connected by hoses through the control unit with a compressed air receiver, made with the possibility of supplying pulses of compressed air under the root system of adjacent rows of harvested plantings, wherein the distance between the paws is twice the width row spacing.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to machines for harvesting: digging, separating and extracting from root crops and bulbs of vegetable crops growing in the soil. Currently, the machines used for this purpose are not efficient enough, require significant resource and energy consumption, and have a negative impact on the economy and ecology of the industry. Research shows that strip tillage, or soil digging, is an effective and efficient solution to this problem, reducing energy costs by more than 50%. Furthermore, it has been established that equipping cultivator units with vibration devices with a frequency of up to 2 Hz significantly reduces soil traction resistance and energy costs during harvesting. A particularly significant reduction in specific energy consumption is achieved by a fundamentally new physical principle of digging, loosening, crumbling, separating, and subsequently extracting root crops and bulbs from the soil by means of intra-soil injection of compressed air pulses directly under the root system, root crops, or bulbs. A known machine for harvesting onions and root vegetables, primarily carrots, comprises a digging device and a top-lifting device, each consisting of a pair of circuits mounted at an angle to the horizontal plane on vertically arranged shafts capable of rotating toward each other. A feeder channel is located at the front of each pair of circuits, and a knife is secured beneath the rear portion of each circuit. A counter-cutting comb is secured to each portion of the rear circuit, allowing for joint vertical movement with the knife, and the knife is paddle-shaped. Each circuit is chain-type and has a flexible web with recesses and projections mounted to it, where the projections of one web are designed to interact with the recesses of the other web in the circuit (RU Patent No. 2141188, IPC A01D 27/04, 1996). The disadvantage of this device is its significant energy consumption, bulkiness, metal consumption, and low productivity. The closest technical solution is a carrot harvesting machine selected as a prototype, containing a frame with support wheels and a digging share fixed to it, a top-pulling device installed at an angle to the horizon, a top-removing device and an unloading conveyor, the top-pulling device contains two main V-belts with smooth working surfaces, covering the driving pulleys and driven pulleys, two pairs of upper and two pairs of lower auxiliary V-belts, covering the driven pulleys and located parallel to the main V-belts, and clamp rollers of the upper and lower pairs of auxiliary V-belts, wherein each driven pulley is offset (Patent of the Republic of Belarus No. 19732 IPC A01D 27/04, 2012). The disadvantage of the known device is: - high energy consumption and metal intensity of the cleaning process; - creation of conditions for intensive evaporation of moisture, deterioration of biological activity, structure and degradation of the soil. The technical result of the proposed invention is an increase in productivity, a reduction in traction resistance and energy costs, the preservation of soil moisture and a reduction in soil degradation. The said technical result is achieved in that a machine for harvesting root crops and bulbous vegetables, comprising a frame with wheels, an undercut share, a topping device in the form of V-belts mounted at an angle to the horizon on the driving and driven pulleys and a top remover, according to the invention, the frame is provided with an electric power source with an electric drive, a compressor with a compressed air receiver and hoses, a control unit, the undercut share is made in the form of a row of arrow-shaped cultivator paws mounted on elastic stands and secured to the frame from below, each of which is equipped with a vibration device that ensures their simultaneous longitudinal vibration in the direction of movement of the machine, and air pipelines located under the wings of the paws, connected by hoses through the control unit with a compressed air receiver, made with the possibility of supplying pulses of compressed air under the root system of adjacent rows of harvested plantings, wherein the distance between the paws twice the row spacing. The invention is explained by drawings. Fig. 1 shows a general view of a machine for harvesting root and bulbous vegetables, side view, Fig. 2 shows the same, top view. The machine comprises a frame 1 with wheels 2, a digging share 3, a top-pulling device 4 in the form of V-belts 5 mounted at an angle on driving 6 and driven 7 pulleys, a top remover 8, a power source 9 with an electric drive 10, a compressor 11 with a compressed air receiver 12, hoses 13 and a control unit 14. The digging share 3 is made in the form of a row of arrow-shaped cultivator paws 15 fixed on the frame 1 from below on elastic struts 16. Each of the paws 15 is equipped with a vibration device 17 and air pipelines 19 located under the wings 18 of the arrow-shaped cultivator paws