RU-2861436-C1 - PNEUMATIC DISTRIBUTOR OF LIQUID MINERAL FERTILISERS

RU2861436C1RU 2861436 C1RU2861436 C1RU 2861436C1RU-2861436-C1

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for spraying liquids of nutrient solutions and liquid mineral fertilisers. A pneumatic distributor of liquid mineral fertilisers, comprising a distribution chamber, a deflector installed in front of the outlet opening of a liquid nozzle, and a liquid nozzle with a calibrated hole, made in the center of the distribution chamber. The distributor comprises a pipeline, a distribution head body made of square cross-section, with upper and lower guide plates installed inside it by spot welding at an angle of 45° to the side walls, spaced in height h such that the equality of the flow cross-sections of the pipeline and the area of the gap formed by the mutual arrangement of these plates is observed, wherein where d is the inner diameter of the pipeline, b is the inner size of the distribution head body, and a divider, made in the form of an extension of the distribution head body, has on its inner side reflective plates installed obliquely by spot welding, spaced along the width and height of the extension at three levels: the upper ones at an angle α = 7°, the middle ones at an angle α = 15°, the lower reflective plate is installed horizontally. EFFECT: simplifying the design and increasing the stability of the technological process of applying liquid mineral fertilisers to the soil in the form of an air-droplet mixture. 1 cl, 2 dwg

Inventors

NAZAROV NIKOLAJ NIKOLAEVICH
Nekrasova Irina Vladimirovna
Kopteva Irina Vasilevna
Russkikh Olga Maksimovna

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20250512

Claims (2)

A pneumatic distributor of liquid mineral fertilizers, comprising a distribution chamber, a deflector installed in front of the outlet opening of the liquid nozzle, and a liquid nozzle with a calibrated opening, made in the center of the distribution chamber, characterized in that the distributor comprises a pipeline, a housing of the distribution head, made of a square cross-section, with upper and lower guide plates installed inside it by spot welding at an angle of 45° to the side walls, spaced along the height h in such a way that the equality of the flow sections of the pipeline and the area of the gap formed by the mutual arrangement of these plates is maintained, wherein
where d is the internal diameter of the pipeline, b is the internal size of the distribution head housing, and the divider, made in the form of an extension of the distribution head housing, has reflective plates on its internal side, installed at an angle using spot welding, spaced along the width and height of the extension at three levels: the upper ones at an angle of α = 7°, the middle ones at an angle of α = 15°, the lower reflective plate is installed horizontally.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for cutting liquid nutrient solutions and other liquid chemical media, such as liquid mineral fertilizers, for their application to the soil during the cultivation of grain crops. A pneumatic nozzle (RU No. 2078622) is known, containing two diffusers. The inner cylinder diffuser has a diameter smaller than the diameters of the nozzle and the intermediate cylinder diffuser. These diffusers form a gas-liquid nozzle. The nozzle wall, which extends the annular gas nozzle, is beveled at an angle of 7-12° at the outlet downstream of the inner cylinder diffuser. The disadvantages of this technical solution include complexity of manufacture, and the system is susceptible to clogging with soil. A known method for applying finely dispersed droplets of pesticide solutions to plants (RU No. 2367153) involves the formation of monodisperse droplets using disk atomizers and their introduction into an air stream for subsequent pneumatic transport to the plants. The air stream is directed in a ring at an acute angle to the direction of droplet descent from the disk edge, and the air-droplet flow in horizontal sections is shaped like a ring, increasing in diameter with distance from the disk. The disadvantages of this technical solution include the complexity of manufacture, the use of a system for producing monodisperse droplets, and the formation of an air stream, which leads to significant energy consumption during its use. A pneumatic nozzle with counter-rotating conical swirlers (RU No. 2667217) is known. It comprises a cylindrical hollow body with a fluid supply channel, in which a sprayer consisting of three throttling elements is secured. The sprayer is designed as opposing, axially symmetric hollow conical swirlers: an upper and a lower swirler. The apex of the conical surface of the conical shell of the upper swirler is mounted on a circular perforated plate installed in an annular groove of the nozzle channel and resting on the apex of the lower swirler. To achieve a fine spray, the combined throughput of the upper swirler and the perforated plate is designed to be greater than that of the lower swirler. The main disadvantage of the proposed technical solution is the complexity of its manufacture and significant maintenance costs. A pneumatic injector (RU No. 2578572) is known, comprising a hollow body, within which a tip is installed, through which a liquid medium is supplied, wherein the axial channel of the tip is made blind on the side of its outlet part, and on the side surface of the body there are radial openings for supplying a sprayer into an annular channel formed by the outer surface of the tip and the inner surface of the body, while in the outlet part of the body there is a nozzle made in the form of a Laval nozzle, wherein the sprayer is supplied to the expanding part of the nozzle through an annular gap formed by the outer surface of the tip and the inner surface of the mouth of the nozzle, and liquid fuel is supplied through radial openings made in the outlet part of the tip; in one embodiment, an axial opening is made on the end of the tip. The disadvantages of the proposed technical solution include the complexity of its manufacture and the increased clogging of small-diameter holes when liquid mineral fertilizers pass through them. A combined soil cultivation and fertilization tool is known, comprising a pipeline whose lower end is located under a ripper blade mounted on a stand, and whose upper end is connected to a liquid reservoir (USSR Certificate of Achievement No. 917759). A deflector is installed under the ripper blade to distribute the liquid flow. The main drawback of this device is the significant unevenness of liquid distribution across the underlying surface. A combined cultivator working element (RU No. 2 025 932) is known, comprising a winged plow with a shank, a canopy located between the wings of the plow above the sprayer, the surface of which has parallel guides for the soil and a device for delivering liquid herbicides. Each of the canopy guides is designed in the form of an elastic rod oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plow and secured to it with the forward end in the direction of its movement. The guide rods in the arch-forming part of the winged plow are curved in the vertical plane and variable in cross-sectional shape and/or rigidity, with their thickness and/or rigidity decreasing in the direction from the tip of the winged plow. The disadvantages of the proposed technical solution include increased clogging of the slot sprayer when liquid mineral fertilizers pass through it. The closest technical equivalent to the claimed device is the "Device for Dosing and Uniform Distribution of Liquids Applied to Soil Containing Gases" (USSR Patent No. 1512509), which comprises a distribution chamber, a deflector installed in front of the liquid nozzle outlet, and a liquid nozzle with a calibrated orific