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RU-2861479-C1 - COVERED WAGON WITH ROOF OPENING MECHANISM

RU2861479C1RU 2861479 C1RU2861479 C1RU 2861479C1RU-2861479-C1

Abstract

FIELD: freight transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the design of freight wagons with an opening roof, namely to mechanisms for opening it. The wagon contains a roof opening mechanism mounted on its end wall, which includes a trapezoidal screw with a nut and a gearbox, a power plate moving in guides, a movable pawl, power guides, a locking device and a link consisting of radial supports fastened together by crossbars and pivotally connected to the power plate by means of a sleeve, a flexible connection. The nut is movably mounted in a housing, which is movably mounted in hinge brackets fixed to the power plate. The power guides are beams of variable cross-section with external and internal guide surfaces and are pivotally fixed to the power plate. The external guide surface of each power guide contacts a support roller of the end wall, and the internal guide surface of each power guide contacts a driven roller fixed on the link, on which a deflection roller for contact with the movable pawl is also fixed, mounted pivotally on the end wall of the wagon and connected to the deflection handles. The flexible connection connects the gearbox shaft to the drive shaft with a rotation element mounted thereon. EFFECT: reliable fixation of the roof of a freight wagon and preventing atmospheric precipitation from entering the body. 11 cl, 10 dwg

Inventors

  • KRAVCHENKO ANDREJ NIKOLAEVICH
  • Chekodanov Evgenij Vladimirovich
  • Semova Yuliya Mikhajlovna

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20251224

Claims (11)

  1. 1. A covered wagon with a roof opening mechanism mounted on its end wall and comprising a trapezoidal screw with a nut and a gearbox, a power plate moving in guides, a movable switch, power guides, a flexible connection, a locking device and a link consisting of radial supports fastened together by crossbars and connected, with the possibility of rotation, to the power plate by means of a bushing, characterized in that the nut is movably installed in the housing, which, in turn, is movably installed in hinged brackets secured to the power plate, the power guides are beams of variable cross-section with external and internal guide surfaces and are hingedly secured to the power plate, wherein the external guide surface of each power guide contacts a support roller secured to the end wall, and the internal guide surface of each power guide contacts a driven roller secured to the link, on which is also secured a deflection roller for contact with a movable switch, fixed with the possibility of rotation on the end wall of the car and connected with deflection handles, wherein the force plate contacts the guides by means of lifting rollers fixed to it, also on it at one end a rod with a pack of springs is fixed, the upper end of which rests against a stop fixed to the end wall, and a flexible connection connects the shaft of the gearbox with the drive shaft, with a rotating element installed on it.
  2. 2. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the drive shaft is brought out to both sides of the wagon.
  3. 3. A covered wagon according to paragraph 2, characterized in that each end of the shaft is provided with a rotating element.
  4. 4. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the flexible connection is a chain drive or a belt drive.
  5. 5. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the rotating element is removable.
  6. 6. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the rotating element is a steering wheel.
  7. 7. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the rotating element is a handle.
  8. 8. A covered wagon according to paragraph 6, characterized in that the steering wheel contains a handle.
  9. 9. A covered wagon according to clause 8, characterized in that the handle is made folding.
  10. 10. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the guides are made in the vertical posts of the end wall.
  11. 11. A covered wagon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the locking device is a stopper rigidly fixed to the linkage and a counter support rigidly fixed to the wagon body.

Description

The invention relates to railway transport, namely to a freight car with an opening roof and a mechanism for opening it. A wagon with a sliding roof is known from the prior art (RU 187593, B61D39/00, published 12.03.2018), comprising a sliding roof equipped with radial supports on each transverse side, and a roof movement mechanism, which comprises a jack with a vertical movement drive on each end side of the wagon. The disadvantage of this design is the complexity of control and maintenance of equipment, including jacks with servo drives, which requires highly qualified personnel. At the same time, the safe placement of the roof and its lowering onto the walls of the car under its own weight requires operators to have certain experience in such work and special permission to do it. Also known from the prior art is a mechanism for opening the roof of a carriage (RU 2693601, B61D39/00, published 03.07.2019), containing steering wheels, shafts with sprockets connected by chains and a switching unit, a screw jack, a lifting plate, guides, a linkage, a counterweight in the form of a spring block, a bracket and a worm gear. The disadvantage of this design is its complexity, which lies both in the complexity of the design itself, consisting of many transmission elements, and in the complexity of the mechanism’s operation, which is divided into separate stages of raising and lowering the roof, and requires that operators have a certain amount of experience in such work and knowledge of the device. Also known from the prior art is a railcar with a full-width, multi-sided roof opening (RU 228021, B61D39/00, published August 12, 2024), comprising a roof, end walls with vertical guides, radial supports, a nut, a trapezoidal propeller with a gearbox, an electric motor connected to the gearbox, an end wall crossbeam, a crossbar, a load plate, a bearing bushing, guide surfaces, a movable switch, an upper crossbeam of radial supports, and a flexible coupling. This technical solution was selected as the closest analogue for the claimed invention. A disadvantage of this design is the low reliability of the opening mechanism, which is due to a combination of solutions that can lead to jamming of the mechanism or an emergency situation, such as: the length of the trapezoidal screw in combination with its tilt during operation, leading to the occurrence of enormous bending loads on it from the roof; the combination of a screw and nut with a trapezoidal thread during operation in various planes (depending on the position of the roof) will inevitably lead to thread distortion and jamming of the mechanism as a whole; the inability to manually open the roof in force majeure circumstances; the absence of compensation springs capable of reducing the loads on the mechanism arising during operation. The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the reliability of the freight car roof opening mechanism by increasing the degrees of mobility of the nut on the trapezoidal screw, eliminating bending loads on this screw, introducing a spring pack that compensates for the loads arising from the weight of the roof when it is raised, and also due to the independence of the device from external power sources. The technical result is achieved in that in a covered wagon with a roof opening mechanism, which is installed on its end wall, and includes a trapezoidal screw with a nut and a gearbox, a power plate moving in the guides, a movable switch, power guides, a flexible connection, a locking device and a link consisting of radial supports fastened together by crossbars and connected with the possibility of rotation with the power plate by means of a sleeve, the nut is movably installed in the housing, which in turn is movably installed in hinged brackets secured to the power plate, the power guides are beams of variable cross-section with external and internal guide surfaces and are hingedly secured to the power plate, wherein the outer guide surface of each power guide contacts a support roller secured to the end wall, and the inner guide surface of each power guide contacts a driven roller secured to the link, on which a deflection roller is also secured for contact with a movable switch, fixed with the possibility of rotation on the end wall of the car and connected with deflecting handles, while the force plate contacts the guides by means of lifting rollers fixed to it, also on it at one end is fixed a rod with a pack of springs, resting with the upper end on a stop fixed to the end wall, and a flexible connection connects the shaft of the gearbox with the drive shaft, with a rotating element installed on it. In addition, the drive shaft can be brought out to both sides of the car, with each end of the shaft provided with a rotating element that can be made removable. Flexible connection can be made in the form of a chain drive or a belt drive. Additionally, the rotation element can be made in the form of a steering wheel or