RU-2861507-C1 - ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY AEROSOL-FORMING FIRE-EXTINGUISHING COMPOSITE COMPOSITION

Abstract

FIELD: firefighting. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used as a fire extinguishing agent and for creating smoke-generating curtains. An environmentally friendly aerosol-forming fire-extinguishing composite composition contains components in the following ratios, mas.%: 54-70 oxidiser – potassium nitrate, 25.0-45.0 fuel composition, and also a flame suppressant – up to 2 and/or functional and technological additives - up to 5. The fuel composition is a biocomposite containing a modifying additive - microcrystalline cellulose and one or more of the following components: sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, lactitol, maltitol, isomalt, xylitol, dextrose, mannose, allose, tagatose, cellulose, melezitose, raffinose, erlose, turanose, lactose, maltose, trehalose. As the flame suppressant, the composition contains polylactide/poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT), stevioside, rebaudioside A. As functional and technological additives, the composition contains diiron trioxide, natural linseed oil, charcoal, carbon black, urea. EFFECT: improved environmental characteristics due to the use of a non-toxic fuel composition, as well as low hygroscopicity, wide operating temperature range and high fire extinguishing ability. 2 cl, 1 dwg, 3 tbl, 5 ex

Inventors

• Antipov Oleg Evgenevich

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20250112

Claims (3)

1. 1. An environmentally friendly aerosol-forming fire extinguishing composite composition comprising potassium nitrate as an oxidizer and a fuel multicomponent composition as a combustible binder, characterized in that the combustible binder is a biocomposite in the form of a non-toxic mixture containing a modifying additive in the form of microcrystalline cellulose in an amount of 0.1-15.0 wt. % per 100 wt. % of the composition and one or more components selected from polyols, hexoses, poly-, oligo- and disaccharides, namely: sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, lactitol, maltitol, isomaltol, xylitol, dextrose, mannose, allose, tagatose, cellulose, melizitose, raffinose, erlose, turanose, lactose, maltose, trehalose; Moreover, the composition additionally contains flame retardants in the form of steviol glycosides and bioplastics from the series: polylactide/poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT), stevioside, rebaudioside A and/or functional and technological additives in the form of diiron trioxide, natural linseed oil, wood charcoal, technical carbon, urea, with the following ratio of the specified components, wt. %:
2. Oxidant 54-70 Fuel composition 25.0-45.0 Flame arrester up to 2 Flame arrester up to 2 Functional and technological additives up to 5
3. 2. The use of an environmentally friendly aerosol-forming fire extinguishing composite composition according to paragraph 1 as a means for creating smoke-forming curtains.

Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates The present invention pertains to firefighting technology, specifically to aerosol (gas-aerosol) fire extinguishing based on the generation of finely dispersed alkali metal particles with an inhibitory effect. This invention is intended to create highly effective, environmentally friendly solid-fuel aerosol-forming or gas-generating compositions whose thermal decomposition releases a fire-extinguishing aerosol. State of the art Aerosol-forming fire extinguishing agents have gained widespread popularity in recent decades due to their low cost and high efficiency compared to other extinguishing agents (gas, water, foam, and powder), the development of a green economy, and the emergence of environmental programs related to the Montreal Protocol. Therefore, they are widely available: they are used to create solid propellant charges in fire-extinguishing aerosol generators, fire suppression modules, fire extinguishers, gas generators, and as stand-alone products. A number of fundamentally new compositions have emerged over the past decade. While the differences between most of them are minor, greater emphasis is placed on modifiers and additives or manufacturing technologies that improve their properties, including eliminating unburned residue, reducing toxicity, increasing extinguishing efficiency, and increasing moisture resistance. However, most of the modern aerosol-forming fire extinguishing agents reviewed here use substances of hazard classes 2 and 3, including carcinogens. For example, an aerosol-forming composition for fire extinguishing is known (RU 2648081 C1, published 03/22/2018), containing a phenol-formaldehyde resin of the novolac type and epoxy resin as a combustible binder 6-11%, alkali metal salts and carboxylic acid as an additional combustible coolant 4-15%, cobalt (II) nitrate 2-5% with promoting additives of aluminum oxide 1-3% and copper oxide 1-3%, alkali metal nitrate as an oxidizer - the rest. The main disadvantages of this invention are the lack of thermal stability (the decomposition of some components occurs already at a temperature of 100°C), the toxicity and carcinogenicity of some components, both during the manufacture and use of the composition, fire hazard during polymerization, environmental pollution due to the presence of production waste and the impossibility of biodegradation of residues. Another example is “Heat-resistant aerosol fire-extinguishing composition for wide temperature conditions of storage and use in fire-extinguishing generators of various weights and dimensions, methods for producing charges and new areas of application of fire-extinguishing generators” (RU 2656701 C2, published 06.06.2018). The compositions according to this invention include a heat-resistant fuel-binder of 2-20%, selected from a series of liquid, solid, including chemically or physically modified block copolymers, epoxy, polyester resins, triglycidyl isocyanurate, synthetic rubbers, or mixtures thereof in various ratios, an additional heat-resistant fuel selected from the group including carbon, soot, metals, traditional plasticizers such as organic acid esters, solid block copolymers of epoxy resins, polyvinyl chloride and/or perchlorovinyl resins, and/or organic azides of the S-triazine series, or mixtures thereof, a coolant selected from the series: chlorides or carbonates of metals, dicyandiamide, melamine, metal oxides - all in pure form or mixtures thereof in various ratios, or a mixture thereof with clay or cement, an oxidizer selected from the group comprising nitrates, metal or ammonium perchlorates, or a mixture thereof, in the following ratio of components, wt. %: fuel-binder 2.0-20.0, additional fuel 3.0-15.0, coolant 2.0-25.0, oxidizer - the rest. These compounds (and waste from their production) are non-biodegradable, have ozone-depleting potential, are complex and hazardous to produce (especially during polymerization) and subsequent use, are characterized by increased ammonia emissions, early decomposition of some components (or their thermal instability) during the production of the compound, and the use of toxic components: epoxy and poly(per)vinyl chloride resins, azides, chlorides, etc. Another example is a granulated pyrotechnic composition for volumetric fire extinguishing (RU 2686927 C1, published 06.05.2019), which contains, by weight %: oxidizer - potassium nitrate, combustible binder - iditol, introduced as a 50% solution in ethyl alcohol in an amount of 2.5-3.0 and in the form of powder in an amount of 8.5-10.0, in a ratio of 1:3, respectively, calculated on dry matter and gas-forming dicyandiamide 24.0-26.0. This composition and the waste from its production have low fire extinguishing efficiency, are non-biodegradable, difficult to produce, are characterized by increased release of ammonia and cyanide compounds, and the use of a toxic and carcinogenic component: phenol-formaldehyde resin. Another example is a