RU-2861527-C1 - REMOVABLE DENTAL PROSTHESIS

RU2861527C1RU 2861527 C1RU2861527 C1RU 2861527C1RU-2861527-C1

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for use in dental prosthetics. A denture is used that comprises fourteen teeth made of ceramic, monolithically united with each other, an arcuate metal support with two sides, fired from a stainless steel alloy, and a plastic frame bordering them. The support is made from a bar, and the sides are made from an arcuate cylindrical half-tube. The sides are attached, by welding, to the support from below along its generatrix so that the vertical axes of symmetry of the support and the half-tube of the sides coincide along the entire length of the half-tube. The ceramic teeth, by squeezing the sides from both sides, are fixed on the support in three places - between the incisors in the centre of the denture and at the two extreme molars. In a particular case, the arcuate metal support is made cylindrical, a cylindrical arcuate through groove in the form of a half-tube is formed in the lower part of the teeth, and the teeth rest on the support with the formed groove. In a particular case, the support is formed from half of a cylindrical bar and has a flat surface, and the teeth rest on the flat surface of the support. EFFECT: possibility of ensuring strength and reliability of the structure during practical use. 3 cl, 8 dwg

Inventors

TSYVIN ALEKSANDR ALEKSANDROVICH

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20250819

Claims (3)

1. A removable denture containing fourteen ceramic teeth, monolithically united with each other, an arched metal support with two sides, burnt from a stainless alloy, and a frame made of plastic edging them, characterized in that the support is made of a rod, and the sides are made of an arched cylindrical half-pipe, wherein the sides are welded to the support from below along its generatrix so that the vertical axes of symmetry of the support and the half-pipe of the sides along the entire length of the half-pipe coincide, the ceramic teeth, by crimping the sides on both sides, are fixed to the support in three places - between the incisors in the center of the prosthesis and at the two outer molars.
2. A removable dental prosthesis according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the arc-shaped metal support is made cylindrical, a cylindrical arc-shaped through groove in the shape of a half-pipe is formed in the lower part of the teeth, and the teeth rest on the support with the formed groove.
3. A removable dental prosthesis according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the support is formed from half of a cylindrical rod and has a flat surface, and the teeth rest on the flat surface of the support.

Description

This invention relates to medical technology, specifically to the design of a removable denture (RD). It is widely known that RDDs installed in dental clinics are unreliable. Upper dentures are particularly susceptible to this defect due to cracks developing in the plastic frame, which then grow into the denture, and ultimately failing the denture. A RDD described in [1] is similar in technical essence to the proposed design. This solution features a through, open groove in the base of the teeth to better secure the teeth in the plastic frame, and two additional slots are formed on each lateral surface of the teeth for the same purpose. The strength and reliability of this design are limited due to the presence of a groove and slots in each tooth, so such dentures have not found practical application in dentistry. A closer approximation to the proposed design is the SZP described in [2]. Here, the teeth rest on an I-beam support. The support can be manufactured in two versions: one monolithically, together with the teeth, and made of the same material as the teeth, or one made of a stainless steel alloy. In the latter case, the upper shelf of the I-beam is equipped with two flanges, in the space between which the teeth are installed and secured by crimping the flanges. Such SZPs are reliable and durable, but an openwork profiled support with flanges is complex to manufacture, increasing the cost of the prosthesis. The objectives of the invention are: to simplify the design and manufacturing cost of the prosthesis without compromising its reliability and performance under harsh operating conditions. The stated objectives are achieved by the fact that the support is made of a cylindrical rod of stainless alloy; the sides are made of the same material in the form of an arcuate half-pipe; the sides are attached to the support from below by welding along its generatrix so that the vertical axes of symmetry of the support and the half-pipe of the sides coincide along the entire length of the half-pipe; the teeth, by compressing the sides from both sides, are fixed to the support in three places: between the incisors in the center of the prosthesis and at the two outer molars; and by the fact that a cylindrical arcuate through groove in the form of a half-pipe is formed in the lower part of the teeth, and the teeth rest on the support with the groove and are fixed to it with the sides; and also by the fact that the support is formed from half of a cylindrical rod, and the teeth "roots" rest on the flat surface of the support and are fixed to it with the sides. In Fig. 1 the top view of the upper prosthesis is shown, the point of crack initiation-O and the direction of its growth into the plastic massif-Z. In Fig. 2 - a fragment of the cross-section A-A for the SZP with a metal support in the form of an I-beam with 2 sides according to [2]. In Fig. 3 - a similar fragment of the proposed SZP with a cylindrical support d=2.5 mm and 2 sides in the form of a half-pipe with an internal diameter D. In Fig. 4 - the same fragment of the proposed SZP with a support made of half a cylindrical rod d=2.5 mm and 2 sides in the form of a half-pipe with an internal diameter D. In Fig. 5 - a section of the assembly: tooth + metal support in the form of an I-beam according to [2]. In Fig. 6 - a section of the assembly: tooth with a groove in the form of a half-pipe d=2.5 mm, with which it rests on a support equipped with 2 sides. In Fig. 7 - section of the assembly: the tooth "root" rests on the flat surface of the support made of a half-cylinder d = 2.5 mm with 2 sides. Fig. 8 - front and top view of the proposed SZP, stretched out in a line for clarity. The following designations are used in all figures: 1 - teeth; 2 - plastic frame; 3 - support made of stainless alloy with a cross-section in the form of an I-beam; 4 - an arched, through groove of a tooth in the form of a half-pipe d = 2.5 mm; 5 - sides in the form of a half-pipe 0.2 mm thick, 1.5 mm high and with an internal diameter D = 5 mm, which are welded to the bottom of the support; 6 - support d = 2.5 mm; 7 - support made of a half-cylinder d = 2.5 mm; H - height of teeth (6 ... 10 mm); h = 3 mm - height of the I-beam; X=1.5 mm is the height of the sides, Y=0.2 mm is the thickness of the sides; (a-a) and (b-c) are the vertical axes of symmetry of the support and the half-pipe of the sides with a diameter of D; L is the length of the half-pipe with a diameter of D; 1 I , 2 I , 3 I are the zones of fixation of the teeth on the support by means of compression of two sides: at the outermost molars I and II (zones 1 I , 2 I ) and between the incisors III and IV in the center of the prosthesis (zone 3''). The dentures work as follows: in the morning, the dentures are inserted into the oral cavity. When solid food is swallowed, the teeth crush it into small particles, which are carried by saliva through the esophagus to the stomach. Before bed, the dentures are cleaned and plac