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RU-2861540-C1 - METHOD FOR SELECTING INDIVIDUAL TRAINING PROCESS FOR BOXERS BASED ON THEIR TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

RU2861540C1RU 2861540 C1RU2861540 C1RU 2861540C1RU-2861540-C1

Abstract

FIELD: sports medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for selecting an individual training process for boxers depending on the characteristics of their central nervous system. Based on a simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) on a "Psychophysiologist" device, determining the types: with SVMR <193 ms, defined as a mobile type, with SVMR >230 ms - an inert type, with SVMR from 193 to 230 ms - an intermediate type, depending on the identified type of central nervous system, selecting an individual training process. Wherein, training is carried out 3 times a week: Monday, Wednesday and Friday in the morning for 60 minutes. EFFECT: improving coordination of movements, cognitive abilities, improving speed-strength qualities, gastrointestinal tract function, auditory qualities, in addition, developing tactical thinking during a fight, as well as forming the athlete's psychological stability, eliminating the fear of taking a hit and the fear of moving forward (attacking) from defence. 1 cl, 2 dwg, 15 tbl, 3 ex

Inventors

  • Saratovskii Sergei Vladimirovich
  • Saratovskaia Evgeniia Evgenevna

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20251202

Claims (20)

  1. A method for selecting an individual training process for boxers based on their typological characteristics of the central nervous system, wherein the typological characteristic of the central nervous system is determined based on the simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR), characterized in that the SVMR is determined using the Psychophysiologist apparatus: with SVMR <193 ms, it is defined as a mobile type, with SVMR >230 ms - an inert type, with SVMR from 193 to 230 ms - an intermediate type, depending on the identified type of the central nervous system, an individual training process is selected, with training being conducted 3 times a week: Monday, Wednesday and Friday in the morning for 60 minutes;
  2. individual training of a mobile type:
  3. warm-up - 6 minutes, which begins with walking, warming up the legs and arms, including exercises to develop flexibility of the shoulder girdle, to develop flexibility of the hip joint, then move on to jogging with the performance of boxing techniques: striking techniques, work in stances;
  4. then they move on to working with jump ropes, alternating: 10 seconds at a leisurely pace - 16 jumps and 16 rotations and 10 seconds - acceleration - 8 jumps and 32 rotations of the jump rope with the arms for 1 minute;
  5. perform breathing restoration - Qigong - a deep breath in through the nose and two exhalations through the mouth - for 1 minute;
  6. move on to work in a standing position: alternately deliver straight punches with the right and left hands with a twist of the hip at a slow pace - 36 punches in 3 minutes;
  7. perform breathing restoration - Qigong - a deep breath in through the nose and two exhalations through the mouth within 1 minute;
  8. perform work in a standing position: repetition of the previous exercise - alternately delivering straight punches with the right and left hands with a turn of the hip, but with acceleration - 320 punches, work in the shuttle - moving in stances, that is, connecting the work of the legs, for 3 minutes,
  9. restore breathing - Qigong - a deep breath in through the nose and two exhalations through the mouth for 1 minute;
  10. They perform work on jump ropes, alternating: 10 seconds at a leisurely pace - 16 jumps and 16 rotations, then 10 seconds - acceleration - 8 jumps and 32 rotations of the jump rope with their arms for 1 minute;
  11. work in a standing position: alternately delivering punches to the head with the left hand and punches to the body with the right hand with a twist of the hip at a slow pace - 36 punches in 3 minutes;
  12. perform breathing restoration - Qigong - a deep inhalation through the nose and two exhalations through the mouth for 1 minute;
  13. move on to work in a standing position: repeat the previous exercise - alternately delivering punches to the head with the left hand and punches to the body with the right hand with a turn of the hip with acceleration, change the stance - 320 punches in 3 minutes;
  14. perform breathing restoration - Qigong - a deep breath in through the nose and two exhalations through the mouth within 1 minute;
  15. then perform rotational movements with the right and left hands for 1 minute: imitate an uppercut strike from the bottom up from a fighting stance, the exercise begins at a calm pace with 20 strikes, increasing the speed towards the end of this exercise to 100 strikes;
  16. restore breathing - Qigong - a deep breath in through the nose and two exhalations through the mouth for 1 minute;
  17. They perform work on jump ropes, alternating: 10 seconds at a leisurely pace - 16 jumps and 16 rotations and 10 seconds - acceleration - 8 jumps and 32 rotations of the jump rope with their arms for 1 minute;
  18. restore breathing - take a deep breath through the nose and two exhalations through the mouth within 1 minute;
  19. move on to work in a standing position: free fighting - striking technique of the hands with a transition under the opposite leg from the left-frontal to the right-frontal stance with subsequent repetition, work in combinations: 10 seconds - calm tempo - 5 strikes, then 10 seconds - acceleration - 20 strikes, alternate, for 3 minutes a round, a total of 3 rounds and 1 minute of rest between rounds, restore breathing - a deep breath in through the nose and two exhalations through the mouth;
  20. the training ends with meditation;

Description

Field of technology The invention relates to the field of sports medicine, namely to methods for selecting an individual training process for boxers depending on the characteristics of their central nervous system. State of the art Boxing is a global sport that demands tactical preparation, physical strength, and endurance from its athletes. Athletes need high strength, speed, endurance, agility, and tenacity. Through professional training, athletes' agility and body control are constantly improved. It is known that speed-strength abilities are crucial for achieving high results in modern boxing. However, the selection of effective strategies for developing speed-strength abilities in boxers during the specialized training phase has been insufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a program for improving speed-strength abilities in boxers during the specialized training phase. The research methods included theoretical analysis and synthesis of data from scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, methods for studying the level of physical quality development (chronodynamometry, control exercise method), a pedagogical experiment, and mathematical statistics. Results. A training program was developed based on an analysis of scientific literature. The primary means of developing speed-strength abilities included: repeated exercises using unsaturated weights and a limited number of repetitions (until failure); repeated training with maximum and near-maximum efforts to create maximum muscular strength and develop explosive power; isometric efforts to develop strength in a static state; and the execution of maximally powerful, yet slow, punches in spurt series (5 spurts * 2 min). A gradual increase in speed (tempo)—up to 3 spurts of 2 minutes—and a slight decrease in punch force (in this mode—3 spurts of 2 minutes). Over time, the maximum possible punch force was achieved while maintaining its power, as well as circuit training, which has a comprehensive effect on several muscle groups. Exercises were performed at stations and were selected so that each series worked different muscle groups. The second approach to improving boxers' speed-strength abilities involved developing internal and intermuscular coordination. Individual boxer characteristics, the impact of exercises on them, and load adjustments were taken into account, taking into account individual characteristics and responses to the proposed exercises. The primary requirement was that movements be performed with proper coordination and at a speed equal to or faster than punches delivered during competition. Selecting exercises to improve boxers' speed-strength abilities during the specialized basic training phase, taking into account individual characteristics (weight selection and number of repetitions, interval training), had a positive impact on the development of boxers' speed-strength abilities. Exercise performance indicators characterizing the development of general and specific speed-strength training showed statistically significant improvements in boxers in the experimental group compared to pre-experiment indicators and post-experiment indicators in boxers in the control group. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed exercises, which contribute to improving the level of speed-strength abilities of boxers at the stage of specialized basic training (Sosnovsky V., Effectiveness of the program for improving the speed-strength abilities of boxers at the stage of specialized basic training, Physical Culture and Sport Scientific Perspective, June 2023). In addition, the following study focused on the selection of individual training programs for boxers. The typological characteristics of the nervous system were determined in boxers. All boxers trained using the same program, and at the beginning and end of pre-competition microcycles, the components of specific physical fitness were assessed using the Kicktest-100 training rig. Twenty-six boxers in the 57 kg, 60 kg, and 64 kg weight categories (10 Master of Sports, 16 Candidate Master of Sports) participated in the study. It was found that pre-competition microcycle training programs have varying effects on skilled boxers with different typological characteristics of their nervous systems. Training cycle models were scientifically substantiated, taking into account the consistent relationships between general and specialized training methods and the specific characteristics of the boxers' nervous system. Thus, the boxers were divided into four groups with polar manifestations of the typological properties of the nervous system - strength and mobility of nervous processes: "weak - inert" - 5 people; "weak - mobile" - 8 people; "strong-inert" - 6 people and "strong - mobile" - 7 people. Regardless of the typological properties of the nervous system, all boxers trained according to the same program, which was proposed