Search

RU-2861580-C1 - KIT FOR PRACTICING SKILL OF INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY FOR PRIMARY RETINAL DETACHMENT TEAR

RU2861580C1RU 2861580 C1RU2861580 C1RU 2861580C1RU-2861580-C1

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; ophthalmology. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to practice indirect ophthalmoscopy skills and create a retinal map by resident physicians, as well as by ophthalmologists. A device for practicing the skill of indirect ophthalmoscopy for primary retinal detachment tears consists of two identical hemispheres connected to each other, on the anterior pole of one of them, a hole with a diameter of 5 mm is made in the centre, corresponding to the average value of the dilated pupil of the human eye, the second includes 4 types of interchangeable hemispheres, on the inner side of each of which, in the central zone with a diameter of 9 mm, schematic images of the macula, the optic disc, the superior and inferior nasal arteries, the superior and inferior temporal arteries are applied, corresponding to the fundus of the human eye, and also in each of the four quadrants, in the space free of images in the central zone, schematic images corresponding to retinal detachment tears are located, the device is made of polyvinyl chloride with a diameter of 24 mm. EFFECT: acquisition of the skill of determining the exact localisation of retinal detachment tears. 1 cl, 5 dwg

Inventors

  • Kislitsyna Natalia Mikhailovna
  • TONAEVA KHADIZHAT DZHANKHUVATOVNA
  • Miroshnikov Vladimir Igorevich
  • Navruzalieva Dzhaneta Iakubovna

Dates

Publication Date
20260506
Application Date
20250724

Claims (5)

  1. A set for practicing the skill of reverse ophthalmoscopy of a primary retinal detachment break, including identical one first and four second hemispheres with a diameter of 24 mm, made of polyvinyl chloride, on the anterior pole of the first hemisphere in the center there is an opening with a diameter of 5 mm, corresponding to the average value of the dilated pupil of the human eye, the second hemispheres are made with the possibility of alternate connection with the first, while on the inner side of each of the second hemispheres in the central zone with a diameter of 9 mm there are schematic images of the macula, optic nerve head, superior and inferior nasal arteries, superior and inferior temporal arteries, corresponding to the fundus of the human eye, and in each of the four quadrants of each second hemisphere in the space free of images there are schematic images of retinal detachment breaks,
  2. in this case, on the first of the second hemispheres there are images of ruptures of the superior temporal or nasal detachment,
  3. on the second – images of ruptures of total or superior detachment,
  4. on the third – images of ruptures of the lower detachment, and
  5. The fourth shows images of ruptures of the inferior bullous retinal detachment.

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to ophthalmology, and can be used to practice reverse ophthalmoscopy skills and create a retinal map by resident physicians, as well as ophthalmologists. According to literature, the prevalence of retinal detachments in the general population is 10-15 cases per 100,000 people. Retinal detachments account for 2-9% of primary visual disability. Untreated retinal detachments lead to irreversible vision loss in half of cases. Some patients retain only correct light projection, and less than 10% of patients are able to see hand movements near the face. Therefore, reverse ophthalmoscopy is a fundamental skill for ophthalmologists in diagnosing retinal detachments. Unfortunately, mastering this technique is difficult, and the situation of joint training "on each other" may not always be appropriate, since for better visualization, the student must administer pupil dilating drops to the assistant, which deprives the assistant of the opportunity to work fully for 4 hours. The closest analogue is a device for practicing reverse ophthalmoscopy skills (Patent for Utility Model No. 216563). A device for practicing reverse ophthalmoscopy consists of two identical hemispheres connected to each other. On the inside of one of these hemispheres, schematic representations of the main structures of the fundus are applied in the center, corresponding to the image of the human fundus. In each of the four quadrants, signs of fundus pathologies are also schematically depicted, one in each quadrant. On the anterior pole of the opposite hemisphere, a 5 mm diameter hole is made in the center, corresponding to the average value of the dilated human pupil. The device is made of polyvinyl chloride with a diameter of 24 mm. A disadvantage of this device is that reverse ophthalmoscopy is practiced under normal conditions, without focusing on a specific type of pathology. The technical result is the acquisition of the skill of determining the precise localization of retinal detachment tears. The technical result is achieved by a device for practicing reverse ophthalmoscopy for retinal detachment tears consisting of two identical hemispheres, connected to each other on their inner surfaces. The anterior pole of one of them has a 5 mm diameter hole in the center, corresponding to the average dilated pupil (mydriasis) of the human eye. The second consists of four types of interchangeable hemispheres. Each of them bears schematic images of the macula, optic disc, superior and inferior nasal arteries, and superior and inferior temporal arteries, corresponding to the fundus of the human eye. The distinguishing feature of each hemisphere is the location of the tear: 1. superior temporal or nasal detachment, in which in 98% of cases the primary rupture lies within 1.5 hours from the highest border of the detachment; 2. total or superior detachment crossing the 12 o'clock meridian, in which in 93% of cases the primary rupture is located at 12 o'clock or within a triangle with the apex at the dentate line and sides diverging from 12 o'clock by 1.5 hours in each direction; 3. inferior detachment, in which in 95% of cases the higher border of the detachment indicates which side of the disc the inferior tear is on; 4. “lower” bullous detachment, in which case the lower blisters in rhegmatogenous detachment originate from the upper rupture. The objective of the invention is to create a device for practicing reverse ophthalmoscopy skills withorientation towards a specific type of pathology. The technical result is the acquisition of the skill of determining the precise localization of retinal detachment tears. The technical result is achieved in that the device for practicing reverse ophthalmoscopy skill in case of retinal detachment breaks consists of two identical hemispheres connected to each other. On the anterior pole of one of them, in the center, there is a hole with a diameter of 5 mm, corresponding to the average value of the dilated pupil (mydriasis) of the human eye. The second includes 4 types of interchangeable hemispheres. Each of them, with a diameter of 9 mm, has schematic images of the macula, optic disc, superior and inferior nasal arteries, superior and inferior temporal arteries, corresponding to the fundus of the human eye. Distinctive features of each hemisphere are the image of the localization of the break in conventional four quadrants: in the quadrant of one hemisphere, the superior temporal or nasal detachment is depicted, in which in 98% of cases the primary break lies within 1.5 hours from the highest border of the detachment; The quadrant of the second hemisphere depicts a total or superior detachment crossing the 12 o'clock meridian, in which case, in 93% of cases, the primary rupture is located at 12 o'clock or within a triangle with its apex at the dentate line and sides diverging from 12 o'clock by 1.5 hours in each direction; the quadrant of the third hemisphere is an inferior d