RU-2861655-C1 - AUTOMATIC WEAPON, TRIGGER MECHANISM OF AUTOMATIC WEAPON, AND METHOD FOR BURST FIRING FROM AUTOMATIC WEAPON

RU2861655C1RU 2861655 C1RU2861655 C1RU 2861655C1RU-2861655-C1

Abstract

FIELD: automatic small arms. SUBSTANCE: automatic weapon comprises a barrel with a chamber, a receiver, a bolt carrier, in the lower cavity of which a bolt with locking lugs is placed, a firing pin is placed inside the bolt, a magazine, a handle, in the base of which a trigger mechanism is placed, in the upper cavity of the bolt carrier a return mechanism with a return spring is placed. Two guides are placed in the receiver. Two longitudinal cavities are made in the lower and upper parts of the bolt carrier along its entire length. In the lower cavity of the bolt carrier, a bolt, a firing mechanism with a hammer, a rod and a tube are located, also a spring-loaded extractor is located between the locking lugs of the bolt. The trigger mechanism of the automatic weapon consists of a housing with a hole in the middle, inside which a trigger is located, interacting with a sear and a single-fire sear. In the upper part of the trigger mechanism housing, a fire mode selector is placed, made in the form of a shaft with a protrusion, with round disks mounted on both ends thereof with fire mode selector flags. The fire mode selector is also a safety catch, and the fire mode selector flag is made in the form of a protrusion located on the radius on the round disk. A method for burst firing from an automatic weapon, in which at the beginning of firing, the safety catch flag is moved to the burst firing mode, simultaneously with the cartridges reaching the feeding line, the hammer, when moving back with the bolt carrier, lowers the spring-loaded sear down with its rear part and passes above it, at this time the fire mode selector has already lowered the single-fire sear with its protrusion and does not allow it to rise up due to the fire mode selector, and the depressed trigger constantly presses on the sear and does not allow it to rise up. When burst firing from an automatic weapon, the fire mode selector flags are in a transverse position relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. EFFECT: reducing barrel oscillations, increasing the rate of fire, increasing the accuracy of fire of a firearm. 6 cl, 11 dwg

Inventors

RUSANOV ROMAN VLADIMIROVICH
Svinolupov Maksim Gennadievich
Batov Aleksandr Yurevich
Enduraev Dmitrij Evgenevich
EFIMOV ALEKSANDR ANDREEVICH
Kurchenko Mariya Vladimirovna
Stepin Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Gorbunov Vitalij Andreevich

Dates

Publication Date: 20260506
Application Date: 20250513

Claims (6)

1. An automatic weapon comprising a barrel with a chamber, a receiver, a bolt carrier, in the lower and upper parts of the bolt carrier along its entire length there are two longitudinal cavities - lower and upper, respectively, in the lower cavity of which a bolt with locking lugs is placed, and in the upper cavity of the bolt carrier there is a return mechanism with a return spring, inside the bolt there is a striker, a magazine, in the upper part of which there is a window, and inside the magazine there is a spring with a cartridge feeder, a handle, at the base of which there is a trigger mechanism, characterized in that in the receiver there are two guides - left and right, along which the bolt carrier moves, while in the lower cavity of the bolt carrier there is a firing mechanism with a hammer, a rod and a tube, also between the locking lugs of the bolt there is a spring-loaded ejector, inside the bolt there is a striker interacting with a spring-loaded hammer, and the springs of the hammer are combat, one of which is fixed on rod, and the second spring is secured to the firing mechanism tube, while under the left guide in the lower part of the bolt frame there is a locking guide, which interacts with the spring-loaded trigger lock, located in the groove of the bolt frame.
2. The trigger mechanism of an automatic weapon made according to paragraph 1, consisting of a housing with an opening in the middle, inside which is a trigger interacting with a sear and a single-fire sear, characterized in that in the upper part of the housing of the trigger mechanism there is a firing mode switch, made in the form of a shaft with a protrusion, at both ends of which round disks with flags for switching the firing mode are installed, the protrusion of the shaft interacts with the single-fire sear, the opposite end of which is fixed on an axis placed in an opening in the front part of the housing, as well as the upper part of the trigger, which is connected to the single-fire sear by means of a sleeve, under the single-fire sear at the base of the central part of the trigger there is a spring, which acts on the single-fire sear, also at the bottom of the sear, in the area of the middle of the length, a spring is attached, at the top of which an adjusting screw is installed on a thread.
3. The trigger mechanism of an automatic weapon according to paragraph 2, characterized in that the firing mode switch is also a safety catch.
4. The trigger mechanism of an automatic weapon according to paragraph 2 or 3, characterized in that the flag for switching the firing mode is made in the form of a lug located along the radius on a round disk.
5. The method of firing bursts from an automatic weapon according to paragraph 1, which consists in pressing the trigger, which, interacting with its surface on the sear, lowers it down, a shot occurs, then the bolt carrier with the bolt, under the action of powder gases, begins to move backward, the return spring and mainsprings are compressed, and the spent cartridge case is thrown out by the extractor located on the bolt, as soon as the bolt locking lugs pass the magazine window, the cartridges, under the action of the magazine spring, rise up to the chambering line, while the hammer lock, when the bolt carrier moves backward, disengages from the hammer and then the bolt carrier and hammer move separately, then, having reached the extreme rear position, the bolt carrier, under the action of the expanding return and mainsprings, begins to move forward, the mainspring and return springs are expanded, the bolt with its locking lugs hooks the cartridge and sends it into the chamber, the hammer and lock return to their initial positions and interact together, thereby, when moving to the extreme forward position, the hammer, resting on the striker, moves it forward and holds it in the forward position, and the bolt carrier comes to the extreme forward position, characterized in that at the beginning of the shooting, the safety flag is transferred to the burst firing mode, simultaneously with the exit of the cartridges to the feed line, the hammer, when moving backward with the bolt carrier, with its rear part lowers the spring-loaded sear down and passes over it, then, when the bolt carrier reaches the extreme forward position, the fire mode switch with its protrusion hooks the single-fire sear and does not allow it to rise up, and the depressed trigger constantly presses on the sear and does not allow it to rise up, as a result of which the sear is not on the line of movement of the hammer and it passes freely, shooting is carried out automatically.
6. A method for firing bursts from an automatic weapon according to paragraph 5, characterized in that when firing bursts, the flags for switching the firing mode are in a transverse position relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

Description

The claimed group of inventions relates to automatic small arms, the operation of the mechanisms of which is based on the use of the energy of powder gases diverted from the barrel bore into the gas chamber, where it is converted into the kinetic energy of the moving parts. An automatic weapon described in Russian Patent No. 2658216, which we have chosen as our prototype, is known. It comprises a barrel with a gas chamber, a bolt carrier with a gas piston, a gas tube, a bolt with locking lugs, a return mechanism, a trigger mechanism, a firing pin, a mainspring with a guide, a receiver cover, a suppressor, a forend, a buttstock, and a magazine. This design ensures the required reliability of the automation and increases its durability within the guaranteed service life. The disadvantages of the presented design are the short effective firing range (no more than 400 m), insufficient magazine capacity for 10 and 20 rounds, as well as the presence of a strike of the bolt carrier when reaching the extreme forward position before firing, which leads to the appearance of an impulse to tip the automatic weapon downwards and, as a result, deterioration in accuracy. A known trigger mechanism for an automatic weapon is described in Russian Patent No. 2658216, which we have chosen as our prototype. It comprises a sear, a sear spring, a disconnector, a trigger, a trigger spring, a mainspring, a self-timer, a self-timer spring, and a safety catch. The disadvantages of this design include a non-removable trigger mechanism, the actuators of which are mounted on pivots in the receiver, and the fact that the weapon is engaged in the "safety" mode by releasing the hand holding the grip. All of the above complicates servicing the trigger mechanism and increases the time it takes to bring the automatic weapon into action when the safety is released. A method for firing bursts from an automatic weapon is known, described in Russian patent No. 2658216, which we have chosen as a prototype. It consists of switching a separate lever located near the trigger to the automatic firing mode, pressing the trigger, which, interacting with its surface on the sear, lowers it down, the striker rushes forward, breaks the primer-igniter, a shot occurs, then the bolt carrier with the bolt under the action of powder gases begins to move backward, the return spring and the mainspring are compressed, and the spent cartridge case is extracted by the extractor located on the bolt, as soon as the bolt lugs pass the magazine window, the cartridges under the action of the magazine spring rise up to the chambering line, while the hammer lock when the bolt carrier moves backward disengages from the hammer and then the bolt carrier and the hammer move separately, then, having reached the extreme rear position, the bolt carrier under the action of the expanding return and mainsprings begins to move forward, the return spring is completely expanded, the mainspring is not completely expanded, since The striker is positioned on the combat platoon of the sear, the bolt with its combat lugs catches the cartridge, feeds it into the chamber and turns, the barrel is locked, while when moving to the extreme forward position, the bolt carrier acts on the automatic release lever, which lowers the sear down, the striker rushes forward to the extreme forward position and breaks the primer-igniter, an automatic shot occurs. The disadvantage of this method is that the shot is fired at a time when the frame is struck in its extreme forward position, and the system as a whole already has some vibrations at the moment of the shot, which can worsen the accuracy of automatic fire, and also that before starting to shoot, it is necessary to move a separate lever to the single-fire mode position, which is not entirely ergonomic, and you have to take your hand off the handle, which affects the speed of action and the practical rate of fire. The objective of the claimed group of inventions is to reduce barrel vibrations and increase the rate of fire due to the fact that only after the shot the bolt carrier comes to the extreme forward position with a blow, as a result of which the accuracy of firearms fire is increased during automatic firing. The solution to the problem is achieved by the design of an automatic weapon containing a barrel with a chamber, a receiver, a bolt carrier, in the lower cavity of which a bolt with locking lugs is located, a striker is located inside the bolt, a magazine, in the upper part of which there is a window, and a spring with a cartridge feeder is installed inside the magazine, a handle, at the base of which the trigger mechanism is located, and in the upper cavity of the bolt carrier a return mechanism with a return spring is located, while the new thing is that in the receiver there are two guides - left and right, along which the bolt carrier moves, in the lower and upper parts of the bolt carrier along its entire length there are two longitudina