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US-12616530-B2 - Knee arthroplasty combination validation instrument and bone removal tool

US12616530B2US 12616530 B2US12616530 B2US 12616530B2US-12616530-B2

Abstract

The present subject matter provides an orthopedic instrument may include a first end portion, a handle portion and an optical tracker. The first end portion is configured as a validation device having at least a first surface configured to validate a first resected surface of a bone of the knee. The first end portion has one or more surfaces with a plurality of teeth configured to remove material from the first resected surface. The handle portion is coupled to the first end portion. The optical tracker is coupled to the handle portion.

Inventors

  • Adam H. Sanford

Assignees

  • ORTHOSOFT ULC

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20231213

Claims (7)

  1. 1 . A system for an arthroplasty of a knee comprising: a robotic surgical device including processing circuitry, the robotic surgical device to assist in a tibiofemoral joint resection of one or both a tibia or a femur; an instrument manipulated by the robotic surgical device, the instrument having a first end portion configured to be positioned in situ in the knee with at least a first surface in contact with one or more resected surfaces of one or both of the tibia or the femur, wherein the first end portion includes one or more surfaces with a plurality of teeth configured to remove material from the one or more resected surfaces, wherein the first end portion has a thickness as measured between the first surface and an opposite surface, the thickness configured to validate a gap between the femur and the tibia of the knee; and an optical tracker coupled to the instrument; wherein the processing circuitry of the robotic surgical device displays an indication if a position of the one or more resected surfaces based on a tracked validation position of the optical tracker with the first end portion remaining positioned in situ in the knee and the one or more surfaces contacting the one or more resected surfaces is correct or incorrect based upon a tracked position of the instrument; wherein if the position of the one or more resected surfaces is incorrect, removing the material from the one or more resected surfaces using the plurality of teeth of the first end portion by actuating the robotic surgical device to manipulate the instrument in the knee; and wherein, after the removing the material, the processing circuitry of the robotic surgical device displays the indication if the position of the one or more resected surfaces based on a tracked validation position of the optical tracker with the first end portion remaining in situ in the knee and the one or more surfaces contacting the one or more resected surfaces is correct or incorrect based upon the tracked position of the instrument.
  2. 2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein if the position of the one or more resected surfaces is correct the processing circuitry of the robotic surgical device triggers an update of to display an indication of completion of validation, and wherein if the position of the one or more resected surfaces is incorrect the processing circuitry of the robotic surgical device triggers a report an under-resection or unintended angularity.
  3. 3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more resected surfaces includes one or more of a sagittal tibial resection of the tibia, a distal femoral resection of the femur or a proximal tibial resection of the tibia.
  4. 4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first surface includes the one or more surfaces with the plurality of teeth.
  5. 5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first surface includes at least one of two major surfaces or at least one of two minor surfaces of the first end portion, wherein the one or more surfaces with the plurality of teeth include at least one of the two major surfaces or at least one of the two minor surfaces of the first end portion.
  6. 6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first end portion is rotatably coupled to a remainder of the instrument and is configured to rotate about an axis from a first position to a second position one of 90° or 180° rotationally offset from the first position.
  7. 7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first surface is substantially planar.

Description

CLAIM OF PRIORITY This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/442,030, filed on Jan. 30, 2023, the benefit of priority of which is claimed hereby, and which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. FIELD The present application relates to surgical knee replacement and instruments used therewith. BACKGROUND A knee replacement procedure (e.g., knee arthroplasty) is used to repair or replace damaged bone or damaged tissue in a patient knee joint. A knee arthroplasty includes repairing or replacing damaged or diseased articular surfaces of the tibia or femur. The arthroplasty procedure may include cutting (e.g., resecting) one or more articular surfaces of the tibia and femur and replacing a portion of each articular surface with a prosthesis (e.g., articular surface implant). A total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may be used to repair all articular surfaces of the tibia and femur, whereas a partial knee arthroplasty (PKA) may be used to repair a portion of the articular surfaces of the knee, such as the medial, lateral, or patellofemoral compartment. The TKA and PKA procedures require precise resections of the tibia and femur. The cut depth for each resection is specific to the patient and each prosthesis. A surgeon may validate a resection depth manually by inserting a trial prosthesis and exercising the knee through various motions. However, this resection validation is subjective, time consuming and subject to errors. What is needed is an improved validation process for the knee arthroplasty. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an instrument and a system used in a robotic knee arthroplasty, in accordance with an example of the present application. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of another example of the instrument for validation and removal of material along one or more resected surfaces of the knee, in accordance with an example of the present application. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a first end portion of the instrument of FIG. 2, in accordance with an example of the present application. FIGS. 3-8 are alternative design configurations of the first end portion of various instruments of similar construction to that of FIG. 2. FIGS. 9A and 9B are perspective views of the first end portion of another instrument similar to that of FIG. 1, with the first end portion of the instrument being rotated 90° about an axis from a first position of FIG. 9A to a second position of FIG. 9B, in accordance with examples of the present application. FIG. 10 is a plan view of the first end portion of yet another instrument, in accordance with an example of the present application. FIG. 11 is a highly schematic view of a system with the instrument of FIG. 1 being rotated 90° about an axis from a first position at the viewer's left to a second position at the viewers right, in accordance with examples of the present application. FIG. 12 is a tibial resection diagram and system where the initial proximal resection surface has an insufficient depth upon attempting validation necessitating a removal of additional material, in accordance with an example of the present application. FIG. 13 is a tibial resection diagram and system where the initial proximal resection surface has material(s) that interfere with validation necessitating a removal of the material, in accordance with an example of the present application. FIG. 14 is a tibiofemoral resection diagram of a femur and tibia for a partial knee arthroplasty (PKA) where the initially resected surfaces have material(s) that interfere with validation necessitating a removal of the material, in accordance with an example of the present application. FIG. 15 is a diagram of a graphical user interface (GUI) used such as during a robotic knee arthroplasty, in accordance with an example of the present application. FIG. 16 is a flow chart showing a knee arthroplasty technique, in accordance with an example of the present application. FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a block diagram of a machine upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform in accordance with some embodiments. FIGS. 18 and 19 show principles of the present application applied to broaches. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present disclosure describes technical solutions to various technical problems occurring in knee arthroplasty procedures. To address some of these technical problems in regards to resection validation, the present subject matter provides a dual use instrument. The instrument can be tracked such as optically for objective measurement of resection depth and other position related information. Additionally, the instrument can include one or more surfaces with a plurality of teeth configured to remove material such as bone. The need to remove material can be the result of undesirable bone fragments remaining on the resected surface(s), an undesirably shaped bone surface(s) and/or an