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US-12616707-B2 - Compositions and methods for improving gut health

US12616707B2US 12616707 B2US12616707 B2US 12616707B2US-12616707-B2

Abstract

Various embodiments of a gut microbiome modulating composition comprises a blend of a polyphenol and an oligosaccharide. Various embodiments of the polyphenol may comprise at least approximately 5% by weight chlorogenic acid. Various embodiments of the oligosaccharides may be standardized to a degree of polymerization of at least three to reduce digestibility. Administration of an effective amount of the gut microbiome modulating composition to a person or animal may stimulate the growth of at least one of Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus , and Bifidobacterium bacteria in the colon, which may reduce permeability of the colon, increases short chain fatty acid production in the colon, and/or modulate causes immunomodulation of human colon cells. The gut microbiome modulating composition may provide protective effects against obesity-related chronic diseases.

Inventors

  • Stephen Roman
  • Tianan Jiang
  • Marco Rebaza

Assignees

  • Plexus Worldwide, LLC.

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20230526

Claims (20)

  1. 1 . A gut microbiome modulating composition in the form of a capsule, a tablet, a pill, or a powder, the composition comprising: a polyphenol, wherein the polyphenol comprises at least 5% by weight chlorogenic acid; an oligosaccharide; and chromium polynicotinate.
  2. 2 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyphenol comprising at least 5% by weight chlorogenic acid is extracted from green coffee beans.
  3. 3 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyphenol comprises at least 65% by weight chlorogenic acid.
  4. 4 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyphenol comprises at least 40% by weight chlorogenic acid.
  5. 5 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyphenol comprises at least 50% by weight chlorogenic acid.
  6. 6 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyphenol comprising at least 5% by weight chlorogenic acid comprises green tea.
  7. 7 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 1 , wherein consumption of an effective amount of the polyphenol and the oligosaccharide improves gut health by stimulating the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila in a colon.
  8. 8 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 7 , wherein the effective amount is approximately 400 mg of a green coffee bean extract comprising the polyphenol and the oligosaccharide is approximately 1 gram of oligosaccharide.
  9. 9 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 1 , wherein a green coffee bean extract comprises the polyphenol and the oligosaccharide is a polydextrose.
  10. 10 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 9 , wherein the weight ratio of oligosaccharide to green coffee bean extract is in a range from 99:1 to 50:50.
  11. 11 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 9 , wherein the weight ratio of oligosaccharide to green coffee bean extract is in a range from 3:1 to 2:1.
  12. 12 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 9 , wherein an effective amount of the green coffee bean extract comprising the polyphenol comprising least 50% by weight of the chlorogenic acid is in a range from 100 mg to 1 gram per serving.
  13. 13 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of the green coffee bean extract comprising the polyphenol comprising least 50% by weight of the chlorogenic acid is approximately 400 mg per serving.
  14. 14 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 1 , wherein an effective amount of the oligosaccharide is in a range from 0.5 grams to 5 grams per serving.
  15. 15 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of the oligosaccharide is approximately 1 gram per serving.
  16. 16 . A gut microbiome modulating composition in the form of a capsule, a tablet, a pill, or a powder, the composition comprising: a green coffee bean extract comprising at least 50% by weight chlorogenic acid; and an oligosaccharide; wherein the green coffee bean extract is in an amount of at least 15% by weight of the composition and the oligosaccharide is in an amount of at least 60% by weight of the composition, wherein the weight ratio of oligosaccharide to green coffee bean extract is in a range from 3:1 to 2:1, wherein an effective amount of the composition improves gut health by stimulating growth of Akkermansia muciniphila.
  17. 17 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 16 , further comprising a chromium compound.
  18. 18 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 16 , wherein the chlorogenic acid is in an amount of at least 8% by weight of the composition.
  19. 19 . A gut microbiome modulating composition comprising: chlorogenic acid in an amount of at least 8% by weight of the composition; oligosaccharide in an amount of at least 60% by weight of the composition; and chromium polynicotinate, wherein consumption of an effective amount of the composition improves gut health by stimulating the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila in a colon.
  20. 20 . The gut microbiome modulating composition of claim 19 , wherein the effective amount is approximately 400 mg of a green coffee bean extract comprising the chlorogenic acid and approximately 1 gram of the oligosaccharide.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/973,501, filed May 7, 2018, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,730,749, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/502,571, filed May 5, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/513,135, filed May 31, 2017, the disclosures of each application are incorporated by reference. To the extent that the present disclosure conflicts with the referenced applications, the present disclosure is to be given priority. BACKGROUND Obesity continues to be a major health epidemic across the globe. The majority of consumers are still heavier than medically recommended, and with worldwide obesity more than doubling since 1980, much of the world's population lives in countries where more deaths are caused by obesity than by being underweight, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health projected this rate to rise to around 50 percent by 2030. In the United States, nearly 73 percent of the population was classified as overweight (body mass index of between 25 and 30 kg/sq m) or obese (body mass index of more than 30 kg/sq m) in 2015—a figure that grew from 64% in 2005. Excess weight is associated with many negative health outcomes, including higher incidences of diabetes, heart disease and cancer. In the United States, as in many other countries, obesity in particular is driving higher health care costs. According to research published by the University of Illinois in early 2015, obesity adds nearly US $1,400 to health care costs per person per year in the United States. Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development of obesity, obesity-associated inflammation, and insulin resistance, as well as metabolic disorders. The microbiota participate in host functions and impact the development and maintenance of the obese state, including host ingestive behavior, energy harvest, energy expenditure, and fat storage. In recent years, it has become apparent that alterations in gut microbiota composition is associated with the development of highly prevalent metabolic disorders in both animal and human studies. For example, there are consistent findings related to decreased abundance of Akkermansia in metabolic disorders in both preclinical and clinical studies. In contrast, the abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia muciniphila were strongly associated with improved markers of lipid metabolism, negatively associated with inflammation in fat tissue, circulating glucose, triglycerides and insulin, and inversely correlated to body weight. Consistent with altered gut microbiota in obese versus lean individuals, changes in gut microbial community composition are observed following weight loss. A decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in obese individuals correlates with weight loss and suggests that modulating the abundance of specific bacterial communities might be beneficial in the treatment of obesity. Weight reduction may also improve gut microbial subpopulations involved in inflammatory processes. Nutritional manipulation of the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota may be an important strategy to improve host health. SUMMARY Various embodiments of a gut microbiome modulating composition comprises a blend of a polyphenol and an oligosaccharide. Various embodiments of the polyphenol may comprise at least approximately 5% by weight chlorogenic acid. Various embodiments of the oligosaccharides may be standardized to a degree of polymerization of at least three to reduce digestibility. Administration of an effective amount of the gut microbiome modulating composition to a person or animal may stimulate the growth of at least one of Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium bacteria in the colon, which may reduce permeability of the colon, increases short chain fatty acid production in the colon, and/or modulate causes immunomodulation of human colon cells. The gut microbiome modulating composition may provide protective effects against obesity-related chronic diseases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived by referring to the detailed description when considered in connection with the following illustrative figures. In the following figures, like reference numbers refer to similar elements and steps throughout the figures. Elements and steps in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been rendered according to any particular sequence or scale. For example, steps that may be performed concurrently or in different order are illustrated in the figures to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention. The figures described are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the prese