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US-12616862-B2 - Firefighting compositions

US12616862B2US 12616862 B2US12616862 B2US 12616862B2US-12616862-B2

Abstract

The disclosure relates to firefighting measures, and in particular, to firefighting compositions for preventing, retarding and extinguishing fire in a combustion zone that comprises a combination of at least one cooling component, at least one fire-isolation component comprising, at least one oxidizer diluting component, and at least one flame retarding component.

Inventors

  • Andrey Valerievich AGAFONOV
  • Boris Melnik

Assignees

  • BIOMA LTD

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20210808
Priority Date
20200809

Claims (14)

  1. 1 . A fire firefighting composition for preventing, retarding, and/or extinguishing a fire in a combustion zone, the composition comprising sulfamic acid in amount of between about 0.4 wt % and about 30 wt %, ammonium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.5 wt % and about 50 wt %, urea in an amount of between about 0.3 wt % and about 20 wt %, ammonium chloride in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, sodium bicarbonate in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, sodium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, alum potassium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and about 2.5 wt %, and sodium alkyl sulfate in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and 5 wt %.
  2. 2 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is formulated for extinguishing fire at a burning temperature range of between about 60° C. to about 1000° C.
  3. 3 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises one or more pigments.
  4. 4 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising silicon dioxide in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and about 5 wt %.
  5. 5 . The composition of claim 1 , being in the form of a powder.
  6. 6 . The composition of claim 5 , wherein the powder comprises no more than about 5 wt % water.
  7. 7 . The composition of claim 5 , wherein the powder has an average particle size in the range of between about 50 nm and about 150 μm.
  8. 8 . The composition of claim 7 , wherein the powder particles have a mono- modal size distribution.
  9. 9 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a non-flammable liquid and the composition being in a liquid form.
  10. 10 . The composition of claim 9 , wherein the non-flammable liquid is water.
  11. 11 . A firefighting composition for preventing, retarding, and/or extinguishing a fire in a combustion zone, the composition being in dry powder form and comprises sulfamic acid in amount of between about 0.4 wt % and about 30 wt %, ammonium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.5 wt % and about 50 wt %, urea in an amount of between about 0.3 wt % and about 20 wt %, ammonium chloride in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, sodium bicarbonate in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, sodium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, alum potassium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and about 2.5 wt %, and sodium alkyl sulfate in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and 5 wt %.
  12. 12 . A firefighting composition for preventing, retarding, and/or extinguishing a fire in a combustion zone, the composition being in liquid form and comprising sulfamic acid in amount of between about 0.4 wt % and about 30 wt %, ammonium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.5 wt % and about 50 wt %, urea in an amount of between about 0.3 wt % and about 20 wt %, ammonium chloride in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, sodium bicarbonate in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %. sodium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, alum potassium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and about 2.5 wt %, and sodium alkyl sulfate in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and 5 wt %.
  13. 13 . The composition of claim 11 , comprising sulfamic acid in amount of between about 0.4 wt % and about 30 wt %, ammonium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.5 wt % and about 50 wt %, urea in an amount of between about 0.3 wt % and about 20 wt %, ammonium chloride in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, sodium bicarbonate in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, sodium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.05 wt % and about 10 wt %, alum potassium sulfate in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and about 2.5 wt %, and sodium alkyl sulfate in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and 5 wt %, further comprising silicon dioxide in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and about 5 wt %.
  14. 14 . The composition of claim 12 , further comprising silicon dioxide in an amount of between about 0.01 wt % and about 5 wt %.

Description

TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to firefighting measures, and in particular, to firefighting compositions for preventing, retarding and extinguishing fire in a combustion zone. BACKGROUND ART References considered to be relevant as background to the presently disclosed subject matter are listed below: US patent application publication no. US2013/181158Chinese patent application publication no. CN111135522Chinese patent application publication no. CN107029377Chinese patent application publication no. CN104436511Chinese patent application publication no. CN107551444Chinese patent application publication no. CN107715363 Acknowledgement of the above references herein is not to be inferred as meaning that these are in any way relevant to the patentability of the presently disclosed subject matter. BACKGROUND Fire ignites as a result of physicochemical combustion processes that can occur in the presence of a flammable or combustible material, in combination with a sufficient quantity of an oxidizer, such as oxygen, gas or another oxygen-rich compound, and an ignition source. The ignition source can vary, for example natural (e.g., a thunderstorm, self-ignition, etc.), industrial (e.g., process accidents, explosions, etc.) or household-related (e.g., unintentional/accidental ignition). Once a material begins to burn, the fire may be extinguished with an appropriate mixture of flame retardants and fire extinguishing agents in liquid, solid, or gaseous form. As behavior of fire depends, inter alia, on the fuel source, different extinguishing approaches and means typically need to be applied. According to US classification, fires can be classified into five different types, depending on the flammable material involved. Class A fires are defined as ordinary combustibles, in which commonly flammable material are involved as fuel source. This is essentially the common accidental fire typically encountered. Wood, fabric, paper, trash, and plastics are common sources of Class A fires. A Class B fire is fueled by flammable liquids or gases, such as petroleum-based oils and paints, kerosene, gasoline, butane, propane, etc. Class B fires are a common hazard in industries involving fuels, lubricants, and certain types of paint. A Class C fire originates from and typically involves burning of electrical components and/or energized equipment. Electrical fires often involve ignition of motors, appliances, and electronic transformers, and are common to industries making use of heavy electrically-powered equipment. A Class D fire involves ignition of combustible metals, such as titanium, magnesium, aluminum, and potassium. A Class K fire is defined as a cooking fire involving combustion from liquids used in food preparation. Cooking fires are fueled by a wide range of liquid cooking materials. Greases, cooking oils, vegetable fat, and animal fat are all fuel sources found in Class K fires. Several main fundamental ways of extinguishing fires are known. One way for extinguishing a fire is cooling the burning material, and is the most common method used to extinguish a fire. During cooling, energy is transported from the combustion site to the molecules of the extinguishing agent. The energy absorbed typically increases the temperature of the extinguishing agent, causes change of its state (e.g. vaporization or sublimation), and/or breaks the chemical bonds between atoms of the extinguishing agent. Without wishing to be bound by theory, such energy absorption prevents or reduces the risk of reaching the activation energy of fuel-oxidant reaction, and can, at times, eliminate the formation of combustible vapors. A fire can also be extinguished by eliminating the fuel source (i.e. starvation). An example is to cut off the supply of combustible liquid or gas, by closing a feed valve or by removing the fuel that has not been affected by the fire from the combustion zone. In forest fires, eliminating of the fuel can be achieved by using firewalls or firebreaks. Another mechanism is separation between the fuel and the oxidizer. For example, fire can be suffocated by placing a physical barrier between the fuel or the vapors released by the fuel and the oxidizer. Likewise, a fire can be suffocated by excluding oxygen from the burning site. This can be achieved, for example, by utilizing smothering agents such as spray, foam or any other agents that can form a fire-resistant, oxygen barrier layer over the fire. Reducing or even eliminating the amount or concentration of oxidizing agent in the combustion zone is also used to extinguish fires. This method provides an extinguishing action by diluting the concentration of oxidizing agent in the combustion zone. Using flame retardants, which are materials that interfere chemically with the combustion process and thereby delay propagation of the flame, is a further way to fight a fire. In this case, the fire is extinguished by chemically deactivating the intermediate free radicals and/