US-12616863-B2 - Lithium ion battery fire suppressant containing extinguishing powder mixed with organic binder and lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet comprising the same

Abstract

Disclosed herein are a lithium ion battery fire suppressant capable of effectively suppressing a fire of a lithium ion battery and a lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet including the same. The lithium ion battery fire suppressant includes an extinguishing powder and an organic binder mixed with the extinguishing powder.

Inventors

• Sang Cheal LEE
• Jaeseong OH

Assignees

• TL CO., LTD.

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20230129

Priority Date

20220715

Claims (6)

1. 1 . A lithium ion battery fire suppressant for suppressing a fire of a lithium ion battery, comprising: an extinguishing powder for delaying fire propagation in association with fire extinguishing operations, the extinguishing powder comprising: an ammonium-based inorganic carbonate powder configured to perform a primary extinguishing operation at a first temperature and comprising one selected from ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) and ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ), an alkali metal inorganic carbonate powder configured to perform a secondary extinguishing operation at a second temperature higher than the first temperature and comprising one selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3 ), and an alkaline earth metal inorganic carbonate powder configured to perform a tertiary extinguishing operation at a third temperature higher than the second temperature and comprising one selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), and calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 ); and an organic binder mixed with the extinguishing powder, the organic binder includes one or more selected from organic adhesives and elastomers.
2. 2 . The lithium ion battery fire suppressant according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium ion battery fire suppressant is prepared in paste form to be applied to an inner surface of a case housing the lithium ion battery.
3. 3 . The lithium ion battery fire suppressant according to claim 1 , wherein: the lithium ion battery fire suppressant is molded into a pad having elasticity; and when multiple lithium ion batteries are provided, the pad is disposed between at least one pair of adjacent ones of the lithium ion batteries.
4. 4 . A lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet comprising: a pair of fiber sheets; and a lithium ion battery fire suppressant for suppressing a fire of a lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery fire suppressant being disposed between the pair of fiber sheets and comprising: an extinguishing powder for delaying fire propagation in association with fire extinguishing operations, the extinguishing powder comprising: an ammonium-based inorganic carbonate powder configured to perform a primary extinguishing operation at a first temperature and comprising one selected from ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) and ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ), an alkali metal inorganic carbonate powder configured to perform a secondary extinguishing operation at a second temperature higher than the first temperature and comprising one selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3 ), and an alkaline earth metal inorganic carbonate powder configured to perform a tertiary extinguishing operation at a third temperature higher than the second temperature and comprising one selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), and calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 ), and an organic binder mixed with the extinguishing powder, the organic binder includes one or more selected from organic adhesives and elastomers.
5. 5 . The lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet according to claim 4 , wherein the lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet covers at least a portion of a lithium ion battery.
6. 6 . The lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet according to claim 4 , further comprising: a heating wire disposed on one of the pair of fiber sheets and connected to the lithium ion battery; and a switch connected to the heating wire and allowing electric current to be supplied from the lithium ion battery to the heating wire disposed on the fiber sheet upon detection of a temperature exceeding a predetermined maximum allowable temperature so as to heat the heating wire.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a bypass continuation of International PCT Patent Application No. PCT/KR2023/000780 filed on Jan. 17, 2023, which claims priority to Republic of Korea Patent Application No. 10-2022-0087704 filed on Jul. 15, 2022, and Republic of Korea Patent Application No. 10-2022-0155175 filed on Nov. 18, 2022, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a lithium ion battery fire suppressant and a lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet including the same and, more particularly, to a lithium ion battery fire suppressant capable of effectively suppressing a fire of a lithium ion battery and a lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet including the same. BACKGROUND A battery having a high degree of accumulation of electric energy is vulnerable to impact. Such a battery can emit accumulated high energy in an instant due to an internal defect or external shock, resulting in thermal runaway and then fire in a short time, which leads to unwanted accidents that are difficult to address. Conventional measures related to a battery fire are focused on how to extinguish the fire after it occurs. Lithium melts at 108.5° C. and begins to boil rapidly at 500° C. or higher. In the case of a lithium ion battery, the main component of a white gas generated upon thermal runaway is lithium vapor. As lithium begins to boil, the pressure of a battery cell increases. Lithium completely boils at 1337° C. When the battery cell explodes, lithium gas rapidly reacts with oxygen and generates flame and heat, resulting in thermal runaway. TABLE 1Relation between temperature and vapor pressure of lithiumPressure (vapor pressure)0.000010.00010.0010.010.11Temperature52461272287110641337(° C.) Although this phenomenon is somewhat caused by organic matter inside the battery cell, the main cause thereof lies in the fact that a lithium ion becomes lithium metal by gaining an electron and evaporates by itself, or forms lithium nitride by combining with nitrogen in the air, as shown in Reaction Equation 1 and Reaction Equation 2: Li++e−→Li  (1) 6Li+N2→2Li3N  (2) Lithium or lithium nitride oxidizes into lithium peroxide or lithium oxide while generating high heat through rapid reaction with water vapor or oxygen, as shown in Reaction Equation 3 to Reaction Equation 5. 4Li+O2→2Li2O  (3) 4Li+2H2O+O2→4LiOH  (4) 2Li+H2O→Li2O+H2  (5) Therefore, conventional measures focused on how to extinguish a fire after it occurs are not proper ways to address a lithium ion battery fire. That is, there is a need for a technology that can prevent thermal runaway of a battery or can rapidly suppress thermal runaway of the battery after it occurs. SUMMARY Embodiments of the present invention are conceived to solve such problems in the art and it is an aspect of the present invention to provide a lithium ion battery fire suppressant capable of effectively suppressing a fire of a lithium ion battery and a lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet including the same. It will be understood that aspects of the present invention are not limited to the above. The above and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description of the following embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lithium ion battery fire suppressant for suppressing a fire of a lithium ion battery, including: an extinguishing powder; and an organic binder mixed with the extinguishing powder. The extinguishing powder may include at least one selected from among sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), magnesium hydrogen carbonate (Mg(HCO3)2), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2), ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3), and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3). The organic binder may include at least one selected from among an organic adhesive and an elastomer. The lithium ion battery fire suppressant may be prepared in paste form to be applied to an inner surface of a case housing the lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery fire suppressant may be molded into a pad having elasticity. When multiple lithium ion batteries are provided, the pad may be disposed between at least one pair of adjacent lithium ion batteries. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet including: a pair of fiber sheets; and the lithium ion battery fire suppressant set forth above, the lithium ion battery fire suppressant being disposed between the pair of fiber sheets. The lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet may cover at least a portion of a lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery fire suppression sheet may further include: a heating wire disposed on one of the p