US-12616970-B2 - Device and method for noninvasively and electrochemically sensing in vivo biochemicals

Abstract

Example implementations include a method of manufacturing a biochemical sensor by forming a fluid conduit in a microfluidic layer, forming an electrode on an electrode layer, forming a biochemical sensor on the electrode layer, bonding the electrode layer to a first surface of the microfluidic layer, and bonding a barrier layer to a second surface of the microfluidic layer. Example implementations also include a method of electrically detecting a biochemical by contacting an electrode array to a biological surface, obtaining a biofluid at the electrode array from the biological surface, obtaining a response current associated with the biofluid at the electrode array, and generating a quantitative biochemical response based at least partially on the response current. Example implementations further include applying a current to the biological surface. Example implementations further include filtering electrical interference at the electrode array. Example implementations further include generating a quantitative biochemical response based on the response current.

Inventors

• Sam Emaminejad
• Yichao Zhao
• Bo Wang

Assignees

• THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20200925

Claims (8)

1. 1 . A method of electrically detecting a biochemical, the method comprising: contacting an electrode array to a biological surface, wherein the electrode array comprises a plurality of electrodes respectively associated with a plurality of biochemical sensors; obtaining a biofluid at the electrode array from the biological surface; obtaining a response current associated with the biofluid at the electrode array, wherein obtaining the response current includes aggregating a plurality of response currents from the plurality of biochemical sensors into an aggregated response current; and generating a quantitative biochemical response based at least partially on the aggregated response current.
2. 2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising: applying a current to the biological surface in accordance with at least one parameter corresponding to an iontophoresis process.
3. 3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the obtaining the biofluid further comprises obtaining the biofluid at a sensor chamber of a microfluidic layer adjacent to the electrode array.
4. 4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising: filtering an interferent at a barrier layer disposed between the electrode array and the biological surface.
5. 5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising: filtering electrical interference at the electrode array caused by motion of the biological surface at the electrode array.
6. 6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the obtaining the response current further comprises separating response currents associated with the biofluid a sensor type of the plurality of biochemical sensors from response currents not associated with the sensor type of the plurality of biochemical sensors.
7. 7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofluid comprises one or more of glucose, choline, and lactate.
8. 8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein a magnitude of each of the plurality of the response currents corresponds to an amount of the glucose, the choline, or the lactate present in the biofluid, or a pH characteristic associated with the biofluid.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS This application is a 371 National Stage Entry of International Application No. PCT/US2020/052752, filed Sep. 25, 2020, which claims the domestic benefit under Title 35 of the United States Code § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/906,259, entitled “Wearable Freestanding Electrochemical Sensing System,” filed Sep. 26, 2019, the contents of such application being hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes as if completely and fully set forth herein. FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT This invention was made with government support under Grant Number 1722972, awarded by the National Science Foundation. The government has certain rights in the invention. TECHNICAL FIELD The present implementations relate generally to biochemical sensing, and more particularly to noninvasively and electrochemically sensing in vivo biochemicals. BACKGROUND Health monitoring is increasingly desired to perform increasingly accurate health diagnostics and guide improved health outcomes for increasing numbers of users and activity scenarios. In particular, detection of biochemical levels of biofluids secreted by a user can provide significant health data and, in turn, drive significantly improved health outcomes. However, conventional systems may not effectively detect and isolate biochemicals in biofluids at in vivo sites noninvasively and accurately. In addition, conventional systems may not detect and isolate biochemicals in health-critical biofluids in vivo at sufficient speed to provide effective health modeling and guidance. Thus, a technological solution for noninvasively and electrochemically sensing in vivo biochemicals is desired. SUMMARY Example implementations include a method of manufacturing a biochemical sensor by forming a fluid conduit in a microfluidic layer, forming an electrode on an electrode layer, forming a biochemical sensor on the electrode layer, bonding the electrode layer to a first surface of the microfluidic layer, and bonding a barrier layer to a second surface of the microfluidic layer. Example implementations also include a method of electrically detecting a biochemical by contacting an electrode array to a biological surface, obtaining a biofluid at the electrode array from the biological surface, obtaining a response current associated with the biofluid at the electrode array, and generating a quantitative biochemical response based at least partially on the response current. Example implementations further include applying a current to the biological surface. Example implementations further include filtering electrical interference at the electrode array. Example implementations further include generating a quantitative biochemical response based on the response current. Example implementations also include a device with an electrode layer, a conductor disposed on the electrode layer, an analyte sensor layer disposed on the conductor and electrically responsive to a biochemical, and a microfluidic layer disposed on the electrode layer and comprising a sensor chamber region disposed at least partially surrounding the conductor. Example implementations further include a barrier layer disposed on a surface of the microfluidic layer opposite to the electrode layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other aspects and features of the present implementations will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific implementations in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein: FIG. 1A illustrates an example device in accordance with present implementations. FIG. 1B illustrates a further example device in accordance with present implementations. FIG. 2A illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example electrochemical sensor further to the example devices of FIGS. 1A and 1B. FIG. 2B illustrates a plan view of an example microfluidic layer further to the example electrochemical sensor of FIG. 2A. FIG. 3 illustrates an example electronic sensor device in accordance with present implementations. FIG. 4A illustrates an example method of manufacturing an example electrochemical sensor in accordance with present implementations. FIG. 4B illustrates an example method of manufacturing an example electrochemical sensor further to the example method of FIG. 4A. FIG. 4C illustrates a further example method of manufacturing an example electrochemical sensor in accordance with present implementations. FIG. 5A illustrates an example method of electrically sensing a biochemical in accordance with present implementations. FIG. 5B illustrates an example method of electrically sensing a biochemical further to the example method of FIG. 5A. FIG. 5C illustrates a further example method of electrically sensing a biochemical in accordance with present implementations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present implementations will now be described in detail wit