US-12616971-B2 - Sample processing and detection apparatus and application thereof

US12616971B2US 12616971 B2US12616971 B2US 12616971B2US-12616971-B2

Abstract

A sample processing and detection apparatus and an application thereof, capable of efficiently implementing the entire detection process of extraction and amplification of a sample such as a pathogen nucleic acid in a short time, being safe and convenient.

Inventors

Xiaoguang Zhang
Xianhua Wang

Assignees

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR VIRAL DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20210621
Priority Date: 20200619

Claims (17)

1 . A sample processing and detection apparatus, comprising a syringe and a main body, wherein the main body is provided with a plurality of solution chambers arranged circumferentially, and a syringe movement cavity surrounded by the plurality of solution chambers, a channel is provided in communication with each of the solution chambers and is directed to the syringe movement cavity, a sealing plug is provided between the channel and the syringe movement cavity and configured to seal therebetween, the syringe is located in the syringe movement cavity at a central axis of the main body, and is rotatable relative to the main body and movable towards or away from a bottom of the main body, the syringe is provided with a puncture needle at an end of the syringe facing the syringe movement cavity, and the puncture needle is not located at a geometric center of a bottom surface of the syringe, and is configured to pierce one of the sealing plugs when the puncture needle is rotated or moved to the sealing plug.
2 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the channels are disposed at a bottom the respective solution chambers, and the channels are arranged radially by taking a center of the bottom of the main body as a center.
3 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom of the main body is provided with a sample-adding channel, which is configured to load a solution stored in one of the solution chambers for detection.
4 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the syringe comprises a syringe cavity, a push-pull rod disposed in the syringe cavity, and a target adsorption material fixedly fitted in the syringe cavity and located between the push-pull rod and the puncture needle in such a manner that the target adsorption material allows a liquid to pass through under a pressure condition and that there is no gap between the target adsorption material and the syringe cavity to prevent the liquid from flowing freely; the push-pull rod is configured to move the syringe toward the bottom of the main body so that the puncture needle pierces the sealing plug when the push-pull rod is pushed; and is further configured to pump a solution from one of the solution chambers into the syringe cavity through the puncture needle when the push-pull rod is pulled, and the target adsorption material is configured to allow the solution to pass therethrough in both directions.
5 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the number of the solution chambers is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20.
6 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the solution chambers are configured for containing the same solution or different solutions.
7 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a silicone rubber plug is provided on a top of the plurality of solution chambers.
8 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the syringe further comprises a return spring and a sealing ring.
9 . The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the target adsorption material is a material that can adsorb nucleic acid.
10 . The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the target adsorption material is a material that can adsorb protein.
11 . The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the target adsorption material is in the form of a filter element or particles.
12 . The apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the target adsorption material is in the form of particles, the syringe is provided with a filter screen at a position near the puncture needle, and the filter screen is configured to obstruct the particulate adsorption material from entering the puncture needle.
13 . The apparatus according to claim 3 , further comprising a reaction tube, wherein the reaction tube is communicated with the sample-adding channel.
14 . The apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the reaction tube is pre-filled with a reaction reagent.
15 . The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein a silicone rubber cap is provided on the top of the solution chambers, and a plurality of the silicone rubber plugs are disposed on the silicone rubber cap, and are annularly arranged on a plane.
16 . The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the target adsorption material is configured to be a silica gel membrane or a glass fiber membrane.
17 . The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the reaction reagent comprises a reagent that can be used for a PCR reaction or an isothermal reaction.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a U.S. National Phase Application of International Application No. PCT/CN2021/101222, titled “SAMPLE PROCESSING AND DETECTION APPARATUS AND APPLICATION THEREOF”, filed on Jun. 21, 2021, which claims the benefit of priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202010565909.7, titled “SAMPLE PROCESSING AND DETECTION APPARATUS AND APPLICATION THEREOF”, filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on Jun. 19, 2020, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure relates to the field of biological detection, and in particular to a sample processing and detection apparatus and application thereof. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Infectious diseases are diseases caused by infectious pathogens infecting the human body. Because the pathogens are infectious, some infectious diseases can cause serious consequences (high fatality rate, serious complications, etc.), such as the coronavirus epidemic caused by the novel coronavirus infection of this time, for which early diagnosis is particularly important. Since there're no specific symptoms in the early stage of most infectious pathogen infection, the early diagnosis of infectious diseases mainly relies on the detection of pathogens. Pathogens mainly include viruses, bacteria, mycoplasmas, etc., which mainly consist of nucleic acid molecules and protein molecules (antigens), and these two types of molecules are the target molecules for rapid pathogen detection. Among them, the nucleic acid molecules of pathogens are the target molecules of nucleic acid detection. Different pathogens have different nucleic acid molecules. The nucleic acid fragments which are specifically designed are specifically bound with pathogen molecules, and the nucleic acid molecules of pathogens can be detected by multiple methods such as PCR, RT-PCR, LAMP, and nucleic acid hybridization. Molecule detection plays an important role in infectious disease diagnosis, genetic disease diagnosis, cancer diagnosis, biochemical indicator detection and scientific research services. Conventional laboratory detection methods are generally time-consuming and have many steps, which generally require multiple steps such as sample pretreatment, detection reaction, and result determination. To perform these steps, complex instruments, regulated lab space, and experienced operators are required. Rapid detection of target molecules is required in many occasions, for example, rapid detection of cardiac markers is required in emergency clinics for cardiovascular disease, and the rapid identification of pathogenic microorganisms causing the sickness is required in fever clinics. In these occasions, complex experimental operations are difficult to be performed without necessary equipment and operators. Therefore, an integrated solution with simple operation and multi-step integration of sample processing, detection and result determination is urgently needed. At present, the methods of rapid identification of pathogens mainly include nucleic acid detection and immunological detection (antigen and/or antibody), where the nucleic acid detection generally includes steps such as sample pretreatment, nucleic acid amplification and result determination, and the sample pretreatment includes four main steps, namely, lysing pathogens, adsorbing nucleic acid to solid phase, washing impurities and eluting nucleic acid from the adsorbed solid phase. In the whole process of the nucleic acid detection, the completion of these steps not only requires a series of reagents (chaotropic salts, pH buffer solution, inorganic salts, ethanol and other nucleic acid extraction reagents and amplification reagents) and support equipment (centrifuges, PCR instruments, automated workstations, etc.), but also requires a specific experimental environment (a strictly divided three-zone nucleic acid amplification laboratory such as a specially designed PCR operation room) considering the possibility of nucleic acid contamination. In addition, due to the infectivity of pathogens, biosafety issues (safety protection of operators and possible harm to the environment) should also be considered. In addition, a complete nucleic acid detection based on PCR/RT-PCR generally takes more than 1 hour. In order to improve the detection efficiency, integrated detection solutions have been developed. A commonly used integrated solution is to add different liquids (taking nucleic acid amplification as an example: sample lysis solution, magnetic beads, washing solution, eluent, amplification reaction solution) into small test tubes in rows, and using an electromagnetic rod to move in different test tubes to achieve the purpose of purifying nucleic acid and finally amplifying nucleic acid. This method is with an open system (the tube cover is open) and is thus prone to contamination. In addition, due to the large size of the ins