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US-12617703-B2 - Micro-polluted water body treatment method based on aquatic forest system construction

US12617703B2US 12617703 B2US12617703 B2US 12617703B2US-12617703-B2

Abstract

Provided is a micro-polluted water body ecological treatment method based on aquatic forest system construction. The method comprises the following steps: (1) investigating a pollution source of a micro-polluted water body; (2) estimating an annual pollution load of the micro-polluted water body which needs to be reduced; (3) designing aquatic animals and plants; and (4) constructing the aquatic animals and plants. By using a water body treated by means of the method in the present invention, an aquatic forest can be formed, and the synergistic effect, nutritional relationship, food chain relationship, etc., between organisms can be fully utilized for effective operation, such that not only can the combined benefits of water quality purification and water body resource utilization be achieved, but the organic unity of environmental protection, economic development, and the improvement of people's livelihood can also be realized.

Inventors

  • Houtao XU
  • Liqing Wang
  • Xiaoyan Zheng

Assignees

  • Shanghai Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd.

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20210927
Priority Date
20201224

Claims (16)

  1. 1 . A micro-polluted water body ecological treatment method based on aquatic forest system construction, comprising the following steps: (1) investigating a pollution source of a micro-polluted water body; (2) estimating an annual pollution load of the micro-polluted water body which needs to be reduced, comprising estimating an annual total pollution load of the micro-polluted water body and estimating an annual needed reduction of the pollution load of the micro-polluted water body; wherein the annual total pollution load of the micro-polluted water body is estimated according to Formula (1): P t = P b + P d + P m + ∑ i = 1 n ⁢ P i ( 1 ) in Formula (1), P t is the annual total pollution load of micro-polluted water, P b is a background pollution load of micro-polluted water body, P d is an annual sediment release pollution load of the micro-polluted water body, P m is an annual overland runoff pollution load of the micro-polluted water body, P i is an annual pollution load of an i th point source of the micro-polluted water body, n is the number of point source pollution; and, the annual needed reduction of the pollution load of the micro-polluted water body is estimated according to Formula (2): P C = P t - W ec ( 2 ) in Formula (2), P c is the annual needed reduction of the pollution load of the micro-polluted water body, W ec is a water environment capacity; (3) designing aquatic animals and plants; and (4) constructing the aquatic animals and plants.
  2. 2 . The treatment method according to claim 1 , wherein the micro-polluted water body is selected from the group consisting of micro-polluted rivers, lakes, lacus , ponds and reservoirs.
  3. 3 . The treatment method according to claim 2 , wherein the step (1) of investigating a pollution source of a micro-polluted water body comprises investigating a background pollution load, a sediment release pollution load, an overland runoff pollution load and/or a point source pollution load of the micro-polluted water body.
  4. 4 . The treatment method according to claim 2 , wherein the step (3) of designing aquatic animals and plants comprises a submerged plant design and an aquatic animal design.
  5. 5 . The treatment method according to claim 1 , wherein the step (1) of investigating a pollution source of a micro-polluted water body comprises investigating a background pollution load, a sediment release pollution load, an overland runoff pollution load and/or a point source pollution load of the micro-polluted water body.
  6. 6 . The treatment method according to claim 5 , wherein the step (3) of designing aquatic animals and plants comprises a submerged plant design and an aquatic animal design.
  7. 7 . The treatment method according to claim 1 , wherein the step (3) of designing aquatic animals and plants comprises a submerged plant design and an aquatic animal design.
  8. 8 . The treatment method according to claim 7 , wherein the submerged plant design is a design of submerged plant species and areas according to the annual needed reduction of the pollution load of the micro-polluted water body; the pollution load is selected from nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt pollution load; the submerged plant is selected from one or more of charophytes, Ceratophyllum demersum L., Hydrilla verticillata, Najas minor All., Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Elodea canadensis Michx., dwarf type and cold-resistant vallisneria, Vallisneria spinulosa Vallisneria natans, Potamogeton malaianus, Potamogeton pectinatus , or Potamogeton crispus; the nutrient salt pollution load is estimated according to Formula (3): N r = S p × ( x 1 ⁢ x 2 ⁢ … ⁢ x n ) ⁢ ( N 1 N 2 ⋮ N n ) ( 3 ) in Formula (3), N r is an annual nutrient removal amount g/a by the submerged plants, S p is a total area m 2 of the submerged plants, x n is a proportion of a submerged plant n, N n is annual nutrient removal capacity g/m 2 ·a by the submerged plant n.
  9. 9 . The treatment method according to claim 8 , wherein the aquatic animal design comprises one or more designs selected from: (i) a design of releasing filter-feeding fish, (ii) a design of releasing herbivorous fish, (iii) a design of releasing carnivorous fish, (iv) a design of releasing scrape-feeding fish, (v) a design of releasing benthonic animals, and (vi) a design of releasing macrozooplankton.
  10. 10 . The treatment method according to claim 7 , wherein the aquatic animal design comprises one or more designs selected from: (i) a design of releasing filter-feeding fish, (ii) a design of releasing herbivorous fish, (iii) a design of releasing carnivorous fish, (iv) a design of releasing scrape-feeding fish, (v) a design of releasing benthonic animals, and (vi) a design of releasing macrozooplankton.
  11. 11 . The treatment method according to claim 10 , wherein the (i) design of releasing filter-feeding fish is a Hypophthalmichthys molitrix releasing design; and the releasing amount of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is estimated according to the following formula: the total productivity of black and white bottles is estimated according to Formula (4): P G = DO W - DO B ( 4 ) in Formula (4), P G is a total O 2 productivity mg/L of black and white bottles, DO W is a dissolved oxygen content mg/L in the white bottle, DO B is a dissolved oxygen content mg/L in the black bottle; the O 2 net productivity of the black and white bottles is estimated according to Formula (5): P N = DO W - D ⁢ O I ( 5 ) in Formula (5), P N is an O 2 net productivity mg/L of the black and white bottles, DO I is an initial dissolved oxygen content mg/L in the black and white bottles; the O 2 daily productivity g/m 2 ·d of the water column is estimated according to Formula (6): W P = ∑ i = 1 n - 1 ⁢ P Ni + P Ni + 1 2 ⁢ ( D i + 1 - D i ) ( 6 ) in Formula (6) W P is the O 2 daily production g/m 2 ·d of the water column, P Ni is the net primary productivity g/m 3 ·d of an i th layer, D i is a depth m of the i th layer, n is a sampling level; the total O 2 productivity g of the water body is estimated according to Formula (7): P GH = W P × S H × D G × 0.75 ( 7 ) in Formula (7), P GH is the total O 2 productivity g of the water body, S H is an area m 2 of the water body, D G is the days of fish growth, counted as 270 days; the feeding ability of phytoplankton to Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is estimated according to Formula (8): F SC = P G ⁢ H × ( P N / P G ) × R P × T O ( 8 ) in Formula (8), F SC is the feeding ability of phytoplankton to Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, R P is a phytoplankton utilization rate of fish, generally taken as 0.5; T O is a heat equivalent of oxygen, 14.686 KJ/g; the fish yield potential of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is estimated according to Formula (9): F L = F S ⁢ C × E L × ( 1 / C ) × 10 - 6 ( 9 ) in Formula (9), F L is a fish yield potential of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in tons (t), E L is a conversion rate of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix to phytoplankton, taken as 0.032; C is a heat equivalent of 1 g fresh meat, 5.021 KJ.
  12. 12 . The treatment method according to claim 11 , wherein the (ii) design of releasing herbivorous fish is a Ctenopharyngodon idella and Parabramis pekinensis releasing design; the releasing quantity of Ctenopharyngodon idella and Parabramis pekinensis is estimated according to the following formula: the submerged plant biomass in March and June is calculated with reference to an empirical model of submerged plant biomass: June : W b ⁢ 6 = - 3536 + 7900.6 M SD / M D ⁢ P ( 10 ) March : W b ⁢ 3 = - 3149 + 4854.6 M SD / M DP ( 11 ) In Formulas (10) and (11): W b3 is a biomass (wet weight, g/m 2 ) of submerged plants in March; W b6 is a biomass (wet weight, g/m 2 ) of submerged plants in June; M SD /M DP is a ratio of transparency to water depth for the corresponding month; and a maximum intake of herbivorous fish is measured with reference to Table 2: TABLE 2 Maximum intake of herbivorous fish Submerged plant Maximum intake of Maximum intake of species Ctenopharyngodon idella Parabramis pekinensis Vallisneria F M = 1.923X 0.6489 F M = 0.8991X 0.4269 Hydrilla verticillata F M = 2.0037X 0.6390 F M = 7.6604X 0.3580 Potamogeton crispus F M = 1.762X 0.5236 F M = 0.8914X 0.5554 In Table 2, F M is a daily intake g/d of fish; X is a body weight kg of the fish; the releasing quantity of herbivorous fish is estimated according to Formula (12): A F = S × ( W b ⁢ 6 - W b ⁢ 3 ) × 0.3 / ( F M × D G ) ( 12 ) in Formula (12), A F is a releasing quantity of herbivorous fish, calculated by the number of fish; S is a planting area m 2 of the submerged plants; D G is the days of herbivorous fish growth, counted as 270 days; the releasing ratio of Parabramis pekinensis to Ctenopharyngodon idella is about 10:1.
  13. 13 . The treatment method according to claim 11 , wherein the (iii) design of releasing carnivorous fish is a releasing design of one or more fish selected from the group consisting of: Siniperca chuatsi, Lateolabrax japonicus, Elopichthys bambusa and Channaargus ; the releasing quantity of the carnivorous fish is 10-15 fish per mu; the (iv) design of releasing scrape-feeding fish is a Xenocypris releasing design, wherein the releasing quantity of the Xenocypris is 35-40 fish per mu; the (v) design of releasing benthonic animals is a releasing design of one or more benthonic animals selected from the group consisting of spiral shells, mussels and shrimps; the spiral shell is Bellamya , wherein the releasing quantity of the Bellamya is 80-160 per m 2 ; the releasing quantity of the mussel is 4-5 per m 2 ; the releasing quantity of freshwater shrimps is 0.5-5 g/m 2 ; the (vi) design of releasing macrozooplankton is a Daphnia magna releasing design, wherein the releasing density of Daphnia magna is 10-30/L; and the treatment method further comprises a step (5) of management and maintenance.
  14. 14 . The treatment method according to claim 10 , wherein the (ii) design of releasing herbivorous fish is a Ctenopharyngodon idella and Parabramis pekinensis releasing design; the releasing quantity of Ctenopharyngodon idella and Parabramis pekinensis is estimated according to the following formula: the submerged plant biomass in March and June is calculated with reference to an empirical model of submerged plant biomass: June : W b ⁢ 6 = - 3536 + 7900.6 M SD / M D ⁢ P ( 10 ) March : W b ⁢ 3 = - 3149 + 4854.6 M SD / M DP ( 11 ) In Formulas (10) and (11): W b3 is a biomass (wet weight, g/m 2 ) of submerged plants in March; W b6 is a biomass (wet weight, g/m 2 ) of submerged plants in June; M SD /M DP is a ratio of transparency to water depth for the corresponding month; and a maximum intake of herbivorous fish is measured with reference to Table 2: TABLE 2 Maximum intake of herbivorous fish Submerged plant Maximum intake of Maximum intake of species Ctenopharyngodon idella Parabramis pekinensis Vallisneria F M = 1.923X 0.6489 F M = 0.8991X 0.4269 Hydrilla verticillata F M = 2.0037X 0.6390 F M = 7.6604X 0.3580 Potamogeton crispus F M = 1.762X 0.5236 F M = 0.8914X 0.5554 In Table 2, F M is a daily intake g/d of fish; X is a body weight kg of the fish; the releasing quantity of herbivorous fish is estimated according to Formula (12): A F = S × ( W b ⁢ 6 - W b ⁢ 3 ) × 0.3 / ( F M × D G ) ( 12 ) in Formula (12), A F is a releasing quantity of herbivorous fish, calculated by the number of fish; S is a planting area m 2 of the submerged plants; D G is the days of herbivorous fish growth, counted as 270 days; the releasing ratio of Parabramis pekinensis to Ctenopharyngodon idella is about 10:1.
  15. 15 . The treatment method according to claim 14 , wherein the (iii) design of releasing carnivorous fish is a releasing design of one or more fish selected from the group consisting of: Siniperca chuatsi, Lateolabrax japonicus, Elopichthys bambusa and Channaargus ; the releasing quantity of the carnivorous fish is 10-15 fish per mu; the (iv) design of releasing scrape-feeding fish is a Xenocypris releasing design, wherein the releasing quantity of the Xenocypris is 35-40 fish per mu; the (v) design of releasing benthonic animals is a releasing design of one or more benthonic animals selected from the group consisting of spiral shells, mussels and shrimps; the spiral shell is Bellamya , wherein the releasing quantity of the Bellamya is 80-160 per m 2 ; the releasing quantity of the mussel is 4-5 per m 2 ; the releasing quantity of freshwater shrimps is 0.5-5 g/m 2 ; the (vi) design of releasing macrozooplankton is a Daphnia magna releasing design, wherein the releasing density of Daphnia magna is 10-30/L; and the treatment method further comprises a step (5) of management and maintenance.
  16. 16 . The treatment method according to claim 10 , wherein the (iii) design of releasing carnivorous fish is a releasing design of one or more fish selected from the group consisting of: Siniperca chuatsi, Lateolabrax japonicus, Elopichthys bambusa and Channaargus ; the releasing quantity of the carnivorous fish is 10-15 fish per mu; the (iv) design of releasing scrape-feeding fish is a Xenocypris releasing design, wherein the releasing quantity of the Xenocypris is 35-40 fish per mu; the (v) design of releasing benthonic animals is a releasing design of one or more benthonic animals selected from the group consisting of spiral shells, mussels and shrimps; the spiral shell is Bellamya , wherein the releasing quantity of the Bellamya is 80-160 per m 2 ; the releasing quantity of the mussel is 4-5 per m 2 ; the releasing quantity of freshwater shrimps is 0.5-5 g/m 2 ; the (vi) design of releasing macrozooplankton is a Daphnia magna releasing design, wherein the releasing density of Daphnia magna is 10-30/L; and the treatment method further comprises a step (5) of management and maintenance.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is the national phase entry of International Application No. PCT/CN2021/121002, filed on Sep. 27, 2021, which is based upon and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202011545943.4, filed on Dec. 24, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD The invention belongs to the field of fisheries and environmental ecology, and particularly relates to a micro-polluted water body treatment method based on aquatic forest system construction. BACKGROUND ART Nutrient salt pollution from nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. is the main factor that leads to eutrophication and algae bloom. Submerged plants have a good purification effect on nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus in water. On the one hand, submerged plants can directly absorb nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus. On the other hand, a large number of attaching organisms on the surface of submerged plants also play a purification function. Aquatic animals such as fish are an important part of a healthy aquatic ecosystem. As a primary producer of water body, the submerged plants provide food for the aquatic animals such as fish. By the combined action of producers (submerged plants), consumers (aquatic animals) and decomposers (microorganisms (natural reproduction)) to purify the water quality so as to transform the nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body into green clean fishing products. Now, the problem to be solved is how to combine the ecological management of rivers and lakes with the high-quality development of fisheries to achieve the method of ecological management and long-term maintenance of rivers and lakes from protecting water by fishing and fish farming by water. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a treatment method for a micro-polluted water body treatment method based on aquatic forest system construction, so as to realize the organic combination of the ecological treatment of the water body and the high-quality development of fisheries and achieve long-term maintenance, thereby forming a virtuous circulating aquatic forest. In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention provides a micro-polluted water body ecological treatment method based on aquatic forest system construction, the method comprising the following steps: (1) investigating a pollution source of a micro-polluted water body;(2) estimating an annual pollution load of the micro-polluted water body which needs to be reduced;(3) designing aquatic animals and plants; and(4) constructing the aquatic animals and plants. In some embodiments of the invention, the step (1) of investigating a pollution source of a micro-polluted water body comprises investigating a background pollution load, a sediment release pollution load, an overland runoff pollution load and/or a point source pollution load of the micro-polluted water body. In some embodiments of the invention, the step (2) of estimating an annual pollution load of the micro-polluted water body which needs to be reduced comprises estimating an annual total pollution load of the micro-polluted water body and estimating an annual needed reduction of the pollution load of the micro-polluted water body. In some embodiments of the invention, the step (3) of designing aquatic animals and plants comprises a submerged plant design and an aquatic animal design. In some embodiments of the invention, the submerged plant design is a design of submerged plant species and areas according to the annual needed reduction of the pollution load of the micro-polluted water body. In some embodiments of the invention, the pollution load is selected from nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt pollution loads. In some embodiments of the invention, the submerged plant is selected from one or more of algal vascular plants, Vallisneria, Potamogeton distinctus A.Benn. or Potamogeton crispus. In some embodiments of the invention, the aquatic animal design comprises one or more designs selected from: (i) a design of releasing filter-feeding fish,(ii) a design of releasing herbivorous fish,(iii) a design of releasing carnivorous fish,(iv) a design of releasing scrape-feeding fish,(v) a design of releasing benthonic animals, and(vi) a design of releasing macrozooplankton. In some embodiments of the invention, the (iii) design of releasing carnivorous fish is a releasing design of one or more fish selected from the group consisting of Siniperca chuatsi, Lateolabrax japonicus, Elopichthys bambusa and Channaargus. In some embodiments of the invention, the (iv) design of releasing scrape-feeding fish is dominated by fish that control benthic and filamentous algae. In some embodiments of the invention, the (v) design of releasing benthonic animals is a releasing design of one or more benthonic animals selected from the group consisting of spiral shells, mussels and shrimps.