US-12618595-B2 - Three-dimensionally distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger, control method thereof, refrigeration system, and air conditioner

US12618595B2US 12618595 B2US12618595 B2US 12618595B2US-12618595-B2

Abstract

A three-dimensionally distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger includes a housing, an air extraction device, a heat exchange device and a liquid atomization device. The air extraction device is used for forming negative pressure in the housing. The liquid atomization device comprises a liquid supply pipe, atomization discharge pipes and atomization heads. The atomization discharge pipes are connected to the liquid supply pipe. The atomization heads are arranged on the atomization discharge pipes. The atomization discharge pipes are three-dimensionally distributed in the housing. Control devices are arranged on the atomization heads to control the atomization heads to be opened or closed. The control devices are connected to a control center which can, according to a preset time, a preset percentage of the atomization heads which are open and a randomization function, select randomly the atomization heads to be opened or closed.

Inventors

Jianguo Yang
Wenjie Cao
Haiying CHAO
Junzeng LI
Chengjun Zhou
Weibo Xie
Quanjiang WANG
Jianhui KANG
Jilong ZHANG
Hui Zhao
Lixuan HAO
Tongqin MAO

Assignees

Beijing Jingkelun Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20210914
Priority Date: 20200925

Claims (14)

1 . A three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger, comprising a shell, an air extraction device, a heat exchange device and a liquid atomization device, wherein the air extraction device is arranged outside the shell and used for forming negative pressure in the shell; the heat exchange device and the liquid atomization device are arranged in the shell; the liquid atomization device comprises a plurality of atomization exhaust pipes and a plurality of atomization heads, and the plurality of atomization heads are arranged on the plurality of atomization exhaust pipes, the atomization exhaust pipes are arranged in the shell in a three-dimensional distributed manner, the plurality of atomization heads are provided with a control device to control the opening or closing of the plurality of atomization heads, and the control device is connected to a control center, wherein the control center is configured to randomly select the atomization heads to be opened or closed according to the set time, the set open percentage of the atomization heads, and the random function, the opening or closing of each atomization head is random to allow the atomized liquid in the shell to be evenly distributed; the control center is an intelligent computer.
2 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange device is arranged around each atomization head, and the heat exchange device is used for circulating refrigerant, the atomization head is used for spraying atomized liquid, and the atomized liquid diffuses around the heat exchange device, under the action of negative pressure, liquid micelles and carbon dioxide in the heat exchange device complete the radiation heat transfer and are extracted from the shell by the air extraction device.
3 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 2 , wherein during refrigeration, water micelles in the cavity absorb radiant heat of carbon dioxide circulating in the heat exchange device, and then water micelles are dynamically and continuously decomposed into small micelles, so as to take away the heat and condense and liquefy the carbon dioxide refrigerant.
4 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of atomization exhaust pipes is arranged in a matrix form in layers, and at least two atomization heads are arranged on each atomization exhaust pipe.
5 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange device is formed by stacking a plurality of heat exchange units, the heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of rows of pipes for circulating carbon dioxide and fins for fixing the rows of pipes, the plurality of rows of pipes and fins are fixed by a fixing frame, carbon dioxide flows in from an inlet end and is discharged from an outlet end; an atomization exhaust pipe is arranged in the heat exchange unit.
6 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 5 , wherein the plurality of rows of pipes of a plurality of heat exchange units is stacked and connected in series, the heat exchange unit is fixed on the shell.
7 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the control device is arranged on each atomization exhaust pipe for controlling the opening or closing of the atomization exhaust pipe, the control device is connected to the control center, and the control center is an intelligent computer.
8 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the atomization head is an ultrasonic atomizer, which comprises an ultrasonic atomization sheet, and the ultrasonic atomization sheet and ultrasonic waves are used to atomize water; wherein the water vapor after heat exchange is not recycled, and is discharged directly into the atmosphere.
9 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the air extraction device is a negative pressure fan, a magnetic suspension negative pressure fan or a vacuum air extraction pump.
10 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the shell is a closed shell, and the air extraction device is configured to form a set negative pressure value in the closed shell to realize efficient heat exchange; wherein an exhaust amount of the air extraction device is greater than an evaporation amount of atomized liquid in the shell, on one hand, the vapor in the shell is fully discharged, so as to improve the evaporation efficiency of the atomized liquid, and on the other hand, the negative-pressure environment in the shell is maintained.
11 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger comprises a pressure regulating device, an air inlet of the pressure regulating device is arranged outside the shell, and an air outlet of the pressure regulating device is arranged inside the shell, the regulated air flow is allow to be sent into the shell through the pressure regulating device to promote the flow of vapor in the shell and form aerosol in the shell.
12 . The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid is softened water, which removes inorganic salts such as calcium and magnesium, reduces the entry of external impurities, avoids the scaling of condenser pipes to the greatest extent, and prolongs the service life of heat exchange pipes.
13 . A refrigeration system, comprising a compressor, a heat exchanger, a liquid reservoir and an evaporator connected in sequence, wherein the heat exchanger is a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 .
14 . A carbon dioxide multi-split central air conditioner, comprising an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor unit, wherein the outdoor unit is connected with the indoor heat exchanger through a pipeline, the outdoor unit comprises a carbon dioxide compressor, a liquid reservoir and a heat exchanger, the central air conditioner uses carbon dioxide as a single cycle working medium, wherein the heat exchanger is a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger according to claim 1 .

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION The present application is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/CN2021/118126, filed on Sep. 14, 2021, which designates the United States of America, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202011021378.1, titled “THREE-DIMENSIONALLY DISTRIBUTED LIQUID ATOMIZATION HEAT EXCHANGER, CONTROL METHOD THEREOF, REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, AND AIR CONDITIONER”, filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on Sep. 25, 2020, the entire disclosures of each of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties and for all purposes. FIELD The present application relates to the technical field of heat exchanger, and in particular to a three-dimensionally distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger, a control method thereof, a refrigeration system, and an air conditioner. BACKGROUND At present, the air-conditioning energy consumption of commercial buildings in China is relatively high. With the development of energy saving technology and further improvement of building energy saving requirements, the disadvantages of traditional commercial air conditioning systems are becoming more and more apparent. In terms of refrigerant, Freon is currently used as refrigerant in air conditioning systems at home and abroad, but Freon may destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere and have a high greenhouse effect. Because of the instability and high cost of ammonia (R77), there may be unsafe factors in the refrigeration system, so ammonia (R717) is not suitable as the refrigerant for air conditioning. In terms of system installation, conventional air conditioning systems are usually water source heat pump units or air source heat pump units. Water is used as the refrigerant carrier to be transported to the end fan coil to provide the required cooling or heat for the building. The system structure is complex, and besides refrigeration equipment, a water circulation system needs to be provided. After the secondary heat exchange between the refrigerant and water, the water is delivered to the user through the water pump for use. This design requires large equipment rooms, takes up building space, increases investment, and also has problems such as high energy consumption per unit area and low system efficiency. As an efficient, energy-saving and environment-friendly refrigerant, carbon dioxide has a wide application prospect and considerable economic value. However, due to the inherent characteristics of carbon dioxide, when the operating temperature is higher than the critical temperature, no matter how high the pressure is applied, carbon dioxide cannot be liquefied. There has always been a prejudice in the field that a refrigeration system with carbon dioxide as the medium alone cannot be used for large-scale refrigeration. This greatly reduces the refrigeration efficiency of carbon dioxide refrigeration system and limits the popularization and application of carbon dioxide refrigeration system. An existing air-cooled heat exchanger and evaporative cooling heat exchanger need to introduce air from the outside, when the outside temperature and humidity are high, the heat transfer effect is influenced by the temperature and humidity of the outside natural wind, and the influence is great. Especially in hot and humid areas, this kind of heat exchanger still has poor refrigeration effect, and the energy consumption thereof is large, which is hard to meet the refrigeration demand. Furthermore, current heat exchangers are generally turned on or off together, but in the actual use process, in order to make full use of energy, it is often not necessary to turn on all the heat exchangers. The technical solution of the present application is proposed to solve the problem of conventional condensation methods being difficult to liquefy and condense carbon dioxide, improve the overall efficiency of the carbon dioxide system, make the environmental protection working medium carbon dioxide widely used in practical projects, and save energy and environmental protection. SUMMARY An object according to the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional technology and provide a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger with energy saving, environmental protection, high heat exchange efficiency and easy control, and a control method thereof. A refrigeration system and a central air conditioner comprising the three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger are further provided according to the present application. The technical solution of the three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger provided by the present application is as follows. A three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger includes a shell, an air extraction device, a heat exchange device and a liquid atomization device. The air extraction device is arranged