US-12618871-B2 - Apparatuses and methods for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure include a battery measurement system having a plurality of capacitors, a plurality of probes each electrically coupled with a corresponding capacitor of the plurality of capacitors and a corresponding battery of a plurality of batteries, a controller configured to measure, via the plurality of probes, a plurality of voltages associated with the plurality of batteries in response to an interrogatory current, and a plurality of sense cables each associated with the corresponding battery of the plurality of batteries, wherein each sense cable of the plurality of sense cables is disposed across the corresponding battery such that the interrogatory current flows in a conduction channel in the corresponding battery in a first direction and in the corresponding cable in a second direction substantially opposite of the first direction.

Inventors

• Claire LEVEUGLE

Assignees

• Analog Devices International Unlimited Company

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20230331

Claims (18)

1. 1 . A battery measurement system, comprising: a plurality of capacitors; a plurality of probes each electrically coupled with: a corresponding capacitor of the plurality of capacitors; and a corresponding battery of a plurality of batteries; a controller configured to: provide an interrogatory current; and measure, via the plurality of probes and the plurality of capacitors, a plurality of voltages associated with the plurality of batteries in response to the interrogatory current; and a plurality of sense cables each associated with the corresponding battery of the plurality of batteries, wherein each sense cable of the plurality of sense cables is disposed across the corresponding battery such that the interrogatory current flows in a conduction channel in the corresponding battery in a first direction and in the corresponding cable in a second direction substantially opposite of the first direction, and wherein a first end of each sense cable is disposed at a first end of the corresponding battery and a second end of each sense cable is disposed at a second end of the corresponding battery that is opposite to the first end of the corresponding battery.
2. 2 . The battery measurement system of claim 1 , further comprising the plurality of batteries.
3. 3 . The battery measurement system of claim 1 , wherein each of the sense cable is disposed substantially parallel to the conduction channel in the corresponding battery such that at least a portion of a first magnetic field generated by the interrogatory current flowing in the conduction channel is cancelled by a second magnetic field generated by the interrogatory current flowing in the sense cable.
4. 4 . The battery measurement system of claim 1 , further comprising a current source configured to supply the interrogatory current through the plurality of batteries.
5. 5 . The battery measurement system of claim 4 , wherein the current source is further configured to sequentially supply an alternating current (AC) interrogatory current through each of the plurality of batteries.
6. 6 . The battery measurement system of claim 5 , wherein the controller is further configured to measure, via the plurality of probes, a plurality of AC voltages associated with the plurality of batteries in response to the AC interrogatory current.
7. 7 . The battery measurement system of claim 5 , wherein the AC interrogatory current has an interrogatory frequency between 0.5 hertz and 10 kilohertz.
8. 8 . The battery measurement system of claim 1 , wherein batteries of the plurality of batteries are connected in series.
9. 9 . The battery measurement system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of pins, wherein each pin of a subset of the plurality of pins is electrically coupled with two batteries of the plurality of batteries.
10. 10 . The battery measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to contemporaneously measure a first voltage associated with a first battery of the plurality of batteries and a second voltage associated with a second battery of the plurality of batteries in response to the interrogatory current, wherein the first battery is electrically coupled with the second battery.
11. 11 . A battery measurement system, comprising: a plurality of capacitors; a plurality of probes each electrically coupled with: a corresponding capacitor of the plurality of capacitors; and a corresponding battery of a plurality of batteries; a controller configured to: provide an interrogatory current; and measure, via the plurality of probes and the plurality of capacitors, a plurality of voltages associated with the plurality of batteries in response to the interrogatory current; and a plurality of sense cables each associated with the corresponding battery of the plurality of batteries, wherein: each sense cable of the plurality of sense cables is disposed across the corresponding battery such that the interrogatory current flows in a conduction channel in the corresponding battery in a first direction and in the corresponding cable in a second direction substantially opposite of the first direction, and each of the sense cable is disposed substantially parallel to the conduction channel in the corresponding battery such that at least a portion of a first magnetic field generated by the interrogatory current flowing in the conduction channel is cancelled by a second magnetic field generated by the interrogatory current flowing in the sense cable.
12. 12 . The battery measurement system of claim 11 , further comprising a current source configured to supply the interrogatory current through the plurality of batteries.
13. 13 . The battery measurement system of claim 12 , wherein the current source is further configured to sequentially supply an alternating current (AC) interrogatory current through each of the plurality of batteries.
14. 14 . The battery measurement system of claim 13 , wherein the controller is further configured to measure, via the plurality of probes, a plurality of AC voltages associated with the plurality of batteries in response to the AC interrogatory current.
15. 15 . The battery measurement system of claim 13 , wherein the AC interrogatory current has an interrogatory frequency between 0.5 hertz and 10 kilohertz.
16. 16 . The battery measurement system of claim 11 , wherein batteries of the plurality of batteries are connected in series.
17. 17 . The battery measurement system of claim 11 , further comprising a plurality of pins, wherein each pin of a subset of the plurality of pins is electrically coupled with two batteries of the plurality of batteries.
18. 18 . The battery measurement system of claim 11 , wherein the controller is further configured to contemporaneously measure a first voltage associated with a first battery of the plurality of batteries and a second voltage associated with a second battery of the plurality of batteries in response to the interrogatory current, wherein the first battery is electrically coupled with the second battery.

Description

BACKGROUND In many applications, such as automotive, batteries may be used to provide electrical power. Applications using the batteries may include electrical vehicles, energy storage systems, etc. A battery system may include multiple batteries and/or battery cells (or clusters of multiple cells). It may be important to routinely check and/or measure the health of the battery cells, such as battery capacity, state of charge, aging, and other parameters. However, various factors may contribute to the errors of the measurements. Therefore, improvements are desirable. SUMMARY The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. Aspects of the present disclosure include a battery measurement system having a plurality of capacitors, a plurality of probes each electrically coupled with a corresponding capacitor of the plurality of capacitors and a corresponding battery of a plurality of batteries, a controller configured to measure, via the plurality of probes, a plurality of voltages associated with the plurality of batteries in response to an interrogatory current, and a plurality of sense cables each associated with the corresponding battery of the plurality of batteries, wherein each sense cable of the plurality of sense cables is disposed across the corresponding battery such that the interrogatory current flows in a conduction channel in the corresponding battery in a first direction and in the corresponding cable in a second direction substantially opposite of the first direction. To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The disclosed aspects will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, provided to illustrate and not to limit the disclosed aspects, wherein like designations denote like elements, and in which: FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system for measuring the impedance of battery cells according to some aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an implementation of the system for measuring the impedance of battery cells according to some aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the wiring for a battery cell according to some aspects of the present disclosure. FIGS. 4A-B illustrate three examples of operating the system for measuring the impedance of battery cells according to some aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 4C illustrates an example of a system for measuring the impedance of battery cells according to some aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the placement of battery cells according to some aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a controller according to some aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a scheme to detect variations of the impedance (i.e., resistance and/or reactance) of a battery cell as a function of frequency. A interrogatory current may be supplied by an external source and/or the battery cell. A voltage is measured in response to the current being applied to a load. The impedance may be calculated based on the current and the voltage using Ohm's Law. The current may be applied at a particular frequency. As a result, the impedance may be calculated for the particular frequency. Based on the impedance, certain information may be extracted such as temperature, state of charge, and/or state of health of the battery. The info