US-12618919-B2 - Detection of a failure condition in a three-phase electrical asset

US12618919B2US 12618919 B2US12618919 B2US 12618919B2US-12618919-B2

Abstract

A system includes a monitoring module configured to: receive a first indication related to a three-phase input of a three-phase AC electrical asset; receive a second indication related to a three-phase output of the three-phase AC electrical asset; determine performance metrics for the three-phase AC electrical asset based on the first indication and the second indication; determine error metrics by comparing each determined performance metrics to a pre-determined estimated performance metric; compare each of the error metrics to one of a plurality of pre-determined thresholds, the thresholds being determined when the three-phase AC electrical asset is in a healthy condition; and determine whether a developing fault condition exists in the three-phase AC electrical asset based on the comparison.

Inventors

Prasad Arvind Venikar
Bubathi MURUGANANTHAM
Mugdha Vyankatesh Limaye
Bibhudatta Patnaik
Mark Andre Faulkner
TRAVIS VERNON SPOONE
Robert Edward Page
Antonio Romero Oruga

Assignees

EATON INTELLIGENT POWER LIMITED

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20230227

Claims (20)

1 . A system comprising: a monitoring module configured to: receive a first indication related to a three-phase input of a three-phase AC electrical asset; receive a second indication related to a three-phase output of the three-phase AC electrical asset; determine performance metrics for the three-phase AC electrical asset based on the first indication and the second indication; determine error metrics by comparing each determined performance metrics to a pre-determined estimated performance metric; compare each of the error metrics to one of a plurality of pre-determined thresholds, the thresholds being determined when the three-phase AC electrical asset is in a healthy condition; and determine whether a developing fault condition exists in the three-phase AC electrical asset based on the comparison, wherein a developing fault condition is a condition that occurs prior to a fault condition.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first indication comprises a plurality of measured values of AC input current values in each phase, and the second indication comprises a plurality of measured values of AC output current in each phase.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the three-phase AC electrical asset is a transformer, the first indication comprises a plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of a primary side of transformer, the second indication comprises a plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of a secondary side of the transformer.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the monitoring module is further configured to: determine a primary negative sequence current component based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the primary side; determine a secondary negative sequence current component based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the secondary side; determine a differential negative sequence based on the primary negative sequence current component and the secondary negative sequence current component; determine a negative sequence error, the negative sequence error being a difference between the differential negative sequence and a pre-determined estimated differential negative sequence; and wherein one of the error metrics is the negative sequence error.
5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the error metrics include at least one additional error metric that is not based on the primary negative sequence current component or the secondary negative sequence current component.
6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the monitoring module is further configured to: determine primary d-axis and q-axis components based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the primary side; and determine secondary d-axis and q-axis components based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the secondary side.
7 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the monitoring module is further configured to: determine a d-axis differential based on the primary d-axis component and the secondary d-axis component; determine a q-axis differential based on the primary q-axis component and the secondary q-axis component; determine a d-axis error by comparing the d-axis differential to a pre-determined estimated d-axis differential; determine a q-axis error by comparing the q-axis differential to a pre-determined estimated q-axis differential; and wherein, the at least one additional error metric comprise the d-axis error and the q-axis error.
8 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising: a training module configured to determine the plurality of pre-determined thresholds when the three-phase AC electrical asset is in the healthy condition.
9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the monitoring module and the training module are further configured to apply a filter to data in the first indication and to data in the second indication before determining the performance metrics.
10 . The system of claim 9 , wherein the filter comprises a moving average.
11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring module is configured to declare that a developing fault condition exists only if at least a first error metric exceeds a first pre-determined threshold, and a second error metric exceeds a second pre-determined threshold.
12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the three-phase AC electrical asset is one of a plurality of three-phase AC electrical assets, and the monitoring module is configured to receive the first indication and the second indication from any of the plurality of three-phase AC electrical assets.
13 . A method comprising: receiving a first indication related to a three-phase input of a three-phase AC electrical asset; receiving a second indication related to a three-phase output of the three-phase AC electrical asset; determining performance metrics for the three-phase AC electrical asset based on the first indication and the second indication; determining error metrics by comparing each determined performance metrics to a pre-determined estimated performance metric; comparing each of the error metrics to one of a plurality of pre-determined thresholds, the thresholds being determined when the three-phase AC electrical asset is in a healthy condition; and determining whether a developing fault condition exists in the three-phase AC electrical asset based on the comparison, wherein a developing fault condition is a condition that occurs prior to a fault condition.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the first indication comprises a plurality of measured values of AC input current values in each phase, and the second indication comprises a plurality of measured values of AC output current in each phase.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein a developing fault condition exists only if at least a first error metric exceeds a first pre-determined threshold, and a second error metric exceeds a second pre-determined threshold.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the three-phase AC electrical asset is a transformer, the first indication comprises a plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of a primary side of transformer, the second indication comprises a plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of a secondary side of the transformer; and the method further comprises: determining a primary negative sequence current component based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the primary side; determining a secondary negative sequence current component based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the secondary side; determining a differential negative sequence based on the primary negative sequence current component and the secondary negative sequence current component; determining a negative sequence error, the negative sequence error being a difference between the differential negative sequence and a pre-determined estimated differential negative sequence; and wherein one of the error metrics is the negative sequence error.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the error metrics include at least one additional error metric that is not based on the primary negative sequence current component or the secondary negative sequence current component.
18 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising: determining primary d-axis and q-axis components based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the primary side; determining secondary d-axis and q-axis components based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the secondary side; determining a d-axis differential based on the primary d-axis component and the secondary d-axis component; determining a q-axis differential based on the primary q-axis component and the secondary q-axis component; determining a d-axis error by comparing the d-axis differential to a pre-determined estimated d-axis differential; determining a q-axis error by comparing the q-axis differential to a pre-determined estimated q-axis differential; and wherein, the at least one additional error metrics comprise the d-axis error and the q-axis error.
19 . An apparatus comprising: a fleet comprising one or more three-phase AC electrical assets; and a fault detection system comprising a monitoring module configured to monitor any of the AC electrical assets in the fleet, wherein the monitoring module is configured to: receive a first indication related to a three-phase input of one of the three-phase AC electrical assets; receive a second indication related to a three-phase output of the one of the three-phase AC electrical assets; determine performance metrics for the one of the three-phase AC electrical assets based on the first indication and the second indication; determine error metrics by comparing each determined performance metrics to a pre-determined estimated performance metric; compare each of the error metrics to one of a plurality of pre-determined thresholds, the thresholds being determined when the one of the three-phase AC electrical assets asset is in a healthy condition; and determine whether a developing fault condition exists in the one of the three-phase AC electrical assets based on the comparison, wherein a developing fault condition is a condition that occurs prior to a fault condition.
20 . The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the fault detection system is further configured to, if a developing fault condition exists, issue a maintenance alert for the one of the three-phase AC electrical assets.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/317,328, filed on Mar. 7, 2022 and titled DETECTION OF A FAILURE CONDITION IN A THREE-PHASE ELECTRICAL ASSET, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to detecting a failure condition in a three-phase electrical asset. BACKGROUND A three-phase electrical asset, such as transformer, may be used as part of an electrical system that distributes time-varying or alternating current (AC) electrical power. The electrical system may include other three-phase electrical assets, such as, for example, voltage regulators, inductors, transmission lines, and switches. SUMMARY In one aspect, a system includes a monitoring module configured to: receive a first indication related to a three-phase input of a three-phase AC electrical asset; receive a second indication related to a three-phase output of the three-phase AC electrical asset; determine performance metrics for the three-phase AC electrical asset based on the first indication and the second indication; determine error metrics by comparing each determined performance metrics to a pre-determined estimated performance metric; compare each of the error metrics to one of a plurality of pre-determined thresholds, the thresholds being determined when the three-phase AC electrical asset is in a healthy condition; and determine whether a developing fault condition exists in the three-phase AC electrical asset based on the comparison. Implementations include one or more of the following features. The first indication may include a plurality of measured values of AC input current values in each phase, and the second indication may include a plurality of measured values of AC output current in each phase. The three-phase AC electrical asset may be a transformer, the first indication may include a plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of a primary side of transformer, the second indication may include a plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of a secondary side of the transformer. The monitoring module may be further configured to: determine a primary negative sequence current component based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the primary side; determine a secondary negative sequence current component based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the secondary side; determine a differential negative sequence based on the primary negative sequence current component and the secondary negative sequence current component; and determine a negative sequence error, the negative sequence error being a difference between the differential negative sequence and a pre-determined estimated differential negative sequence. One of the error metrics may be the negative sequence error. The error metrics may include at least one additional error metric that is not based on the primary negative sequence current component or the secondary negative sequence current component. The monitoring module may be further configured to: determine primary d-axis and q-axis components based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the primary side; and determine secondary d-axis and q-axis components based on the plurality of measured values of the current in each phase of the secondary side. The monitoring module may be further configured to: determine a d-axis differential based on the primary d-axis component and the secondary d-axis component; determine a q-axis differential based on the primary q-axis component and the secondary q-axis component; determine a d-axis error by comparing the d-axis differential to a pre-determined estimated d-axis differential; and determine a q-axis error by comparing the q-axis differential to a pre-determined estimated q-axis differential. The at least one additional error metric may include the d-axis error and the q-axis error. The system also may include a training module configured to determine the plurality of pre-determined thresholds when the three-phase AC electrical asset is in the healthy condition. The monitoring module and the training module may be further configured to apply a filter to data in the first indication and to data in the second indication before determining the performance metrics. The filter may be a moving average. In some implementations, the monitoring module is configured to declare that a developing fault condition exists only if at least a first error metric exceeds a first pre-determined threshold and a second error metric exceeds a second pre-determined threshold. The three-phase AC electrical asset may be one of a plurality of three-phase AC electrical assets, and the monitoring module is configured to receive the first indication and the second indication from any of the plurality of three-phase AC electrical assets. In another aspect, a firs