US-12619364-B2 - Storage device and storage system including the same

Abstract

The storage device includes a plurality of non-volatile memories, at least one volatile memory, and a storage controller. The storage controller controls operations of the non-volatile memories and the volatile memory, and outputs leakage current information on data retention. When the storage device enters a hibernation mode to reduce power consumption, the storage device operates in a selected operation mode from among a plurality of operation modes based on the leakage current information. In the hibernation mode, the storage device stores first backup data and second backup data in the volatile memory, stores the first backup data and the second backup data in the non-volatile memories, or outputs the second backup data, depending on the selected operation mode. The first backup data is received from an external device, and the second backup data is internally stored in the storage device.

Inventors

• Wansoo Choi
• Jeonguk Kang

Assignees

• SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20240722

Priority Date

20240123

Claims (20)

1. 1 . A storage device comprising: a plurality of non-volatile memories; at least one volatile memory; and a storage controller configured to control operations of the plurality of non-volatile memories and the at least one volatile memory, and to output leakage current information of the storage device to an external device, wherein, when the storage device enters a hibernation mode such that the storage device reduces power consumption, the storage device is configured to operate in a selected operation mode from among a plurality of operation modes based on the leakage current information, wherein, depending on the selected operation mode, the storage device is configured: to store as a backup first backup data and second backup data in the at least one volatile memory, to store as a backup the first backup data and the second backup data in the plurality of non-volatile memories, or to output as a backup the second backup data to the external device, and wherein, prior to entering the hibernation mode, the first backup data is stored in the external device, and the second backup data is stored in the storage device.
2. 2 . The storage device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of operation modes include a first operation mode, a second operation mode and a third operation mode, wherein, in the first operation mode, the second backup data is transmitted by the storage device as a backup to a host device located external to the storage device, and the first and second backup data are stored as a backup in a host memory included in the host device, wherein, in the second operation mode, the first backup data is received by the storage device as a backup from the host device, and the first and second backup data are stored as a backup in the at least one volatile memory, and wherein, in the third operation mode, the first backup data is received by the storage device as a backup from the host device, and the first and second backup data are stored as a backup in the plurality of non-volatile memories.
3. 3 . The storage device of claim 2 , wherein, in the first operation mode, after the storage device transmits as a backup the second backup data to the host device, the storage device is configured to be powered off.
4. 4 . The storage device of claim 3 , wherein, in the first operation mode, when the storage device exits the hibernation mode after the storage device is powered off, the storage device is configured to be powered on, and the storage device is configured to receive the second backup data from the host device and to restore the second backup data.
5. 5 . The storage device of claim 3 , wherein, in the first operation mode, after the storage device transmits as a backup the second backup data to the host device and before the storage device is powered off, the storage device is configured to receive a hibernation flag from the host device and to store the hibernation flag, and wherein the hibernation flag corresponds to a latest operating state of the storage device before the storage device is powered off.
6. 6 . The storage device of claim 5 , wherein, in the first operation mode, when the storage device exits the hibernation mode, the storage device is configured to be powered on, to receive the second backup data from the host device, to restore the second backup data, and to recover an operating state of the storage device based on the hibernation flag such that the operating state of the storage device corresponds to the latest operating state.
7. 7 . The storage device of claim 5 , wherein the hibernation flag is stored in the plurality of non-volatile memories.
8. 8 . The storage device of claim 2 , wherein, in the second operation mode, after the storage device stores as a backup the first and second backup data in the at least one volatile memory, the storage controller and the plurality of non-volatile memories are configured to be disabled, and the at least one volatile memory is configured to operate in a low power mode such that the first and second backup data are retained in the at least one volatile memory.
9. 9 . The storage device of claim 8 , wherein, in the second operation mode, when the storage device exits the hibernation mode, the storage controller, the at least one volatile memory, and the plurality of non-volatile memories are configured to operate in a normal mode, and the storage device is configured to transmit the first backup data to the host device.
10. 10 . The storage device of claim 2 , wherein, in the third operation mode, after the storage device stores as a backup the first and second backup data in the plurality of non-volatile memories, the storage device is configured to be powered off.
11. 11 . The storage device of claim 10 , wherein, in the third operation mode, when the storage device exits the hibernation mode, the storage device is configured to be powered on, to transmit the first backup data to the host device, and to restore the second backup data.
12. 12 . The storage device of claim 11 , wherein the operation of transmitting the first backup data to the host device and the operation of restoring the second backup data are performed in preference to operations of processing data other than the first and second backup data.
13. 13 . The storage device of claim 10 , wherein, in the third operation mode, after the storage device stores as a backup the first and second backup data in the plurality of non-volatile memories and before the storage device is powered off, the storage device is configured to receive a hibernation flag from the host device and to store the hibernation flag, and wherein the hibernation flag corresponds to a latest operating state of the storage device before the storage device is powered off.
14. 14 . The storage device of claim 13 , wherein, in the third operation mode, when the storage device exits the hibernation mode, the storage device is configured to be powered on, to transmit the first backup data to the host device, to restore the second backup data, and to recover an operating state of the storage device based on the hibernation flag such that the operating state of the storage device corresponds to the latest operating state.
15. 15 . A storage system comprising: a host device including a host memory; and a first storage device configured to be controlled by the host device, wherein the first storage device includes: a plurality of first non-volatile memories; at least one first volatile memory; and a first storage controller configured to control operations of the plurality of first non-volatile memories and the at least one first volatile memory, and to output first leakage current information on data retention of the first storage device to the host device, wherein, when the storage system enters a hibernation mode such that the storage system reduces power consumption, the host device is configured to select one of a plurality of operation modes based on the first leakage current information and second leakage current information on data retention of the host device, and wherein, depending on the selected operation mode from among the plurality of operation modes, the storage system is configured to store as a backup both first backup data of the host device and second backup data of the first storage device in one of the host memory, the at least one first volatile memory and the plurality of first non-volatile memories.
16. 16 . The storage system of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of operation modes include a first operation mode, a second operation mode, and a third operation mode, wherein, in the first operation mode, the first and second backup data is stored as a backup in the host memory, the host memory in the host device is configured to operate in a low power mode to retain the first and second backup data, and the first storage device is configured to be powered off, wherein, in the second operation mode, the first and second backup data is stored as a backup in the at least one first volatile memory, the host device is configured to be powered off, and the at least one first volatile memory in the first storage device is configured to operate in a low power mode to retain the first and second backup data, and wherein, in the third operation mode, the first and second backup data is stored as a backup in the plurality of first non-volatile memories, and both the host device and the first storage device are configured to be powered off.
17. 17 . The storage system of claim 16 , wherein the host device is configured to: select one of the first operation mode and the second operation mode by comparing an amount of a first leakage current induced by the host memory with an amount of a second leakage current induced by the at least one first volatile memory, or select the third operation mode by comparing an amount of a total leakage current induced by the storage system with an amount of a reference current.
18. 18 . The storage system of claim 16 , further comprising: a second storage device configured to be controlled by the host device, wherein the second storage device includes: a plurality of second non-volatile memories; at least one second volatile memory; and a second storage controller configured to control operations of the plurality of second non-volatile memories and the at least one second volatile memory, and to output third leakage current information on data retention of the second storage device to the host device, wherein, when the storage system enters the hibernation mode, the host device is configured to select one of the plurality of operation modes based on the first, second and third leakage current information.
19. 19 . The storage system of claim 18 , wherein, in the second and third operation modes, the storage system is configured to select one of the first and second storage devices such that the storage system stores as a backup the first and second backup data and a third backup data of the second storage device in the selected one of the first and second storage devices.
20. 20 . A storage system comprising: a host device including a first volatile memory; and a storage device including a non-volatile memory, a second volatile memory, and a storage controller connected to the non-volatile memory and the second volatile memory, wherein the host device and the storage device are configured to communicate with each other such that the host device and the storage device share leakage current information on data retention of the host device and the storage device, wherein, when the storage system enters a hibernation mode such that the storage system reduces power consumption, the host device is configured to select one of a plurality of operation modes based on the leakage current information, wherein, in a first operation mode among the plurality of operation modes, the first volatile memory is configured to store as a backup first backup data of the host device and second backup data of the storage device, the first volatile memory in the host device is configured to operate in a low power mode to retain the first and second backup data, and the storage device is configured to be powered off, wherein, in a second operation mode among the plurality of operation modes, the second volatile memory is configured to store as a backup the first and second backup data, the host device is configured to be powered off, and the second volatile memory in the storage device is configured to operate in a low power mode to retain the first and second backup data, wherein, in a third operation mode among the plurality of operation modes, the non-volatile memory is configured to store as a backup the first and second backup data, and both the host device and the storage device are configured to be powered off, and wherein in the third operation mode, when the storage system exits the hibernation mode, the host device and the storage device are configured to be powered on, the first backup data is transmitted to the host device and restored in the first volatile memory, the second backup data is transmitted to the second volatile memory and restored in the second volatile memory, and the transmission operation of the first backup data and the transmission operation of the second backup data are performed in preference to operations of processing data other than the first and second backup data.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims priority under 35 USC § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0009893 filed on Jan. 23, 2024 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field Example embodiments relate generally to semiconductor integrated circuits, and more particularly to storage devices and storage systems including the storage devices. 2. Description of the Related Art Certain types of storage devices include one or more memory devices. Examples of such storage devices include solid state drives (SSDs). These types of storage devices may have various design and/or performance advantages over hard disk drives (HDDs). Examples of potential advantages include the absence of moving mechanical parts, higher data access speed, stability, durability, and/or and low power consumption. Recently, various systems, e.g., laptops, automobiles, aircrafts, drones, etc., have adopted the SSDs for data storage. The storage devices may be employed in various types of mobile systems. It is important to reduce power consumption in the mobile systems, and accordingly, various technologies are being studied to reduce power consumption of the storage devices and the mobile systems including the storage devices. SUMMARY At least one example embodiment of the present invention provides a storage device capable of efficiently reducing power consumption by setting a storage location of backup data differently depending on various operating situations. At least one example embodiment of the present invention provides a storage system including the storage device. According to example embodiments, a storage device includes a plurality of non-volatile memories, at least one volatile memory, and a storage controller. The storage controller controls operations of the plurality of non-volatile memories and the at least one volatile memory, and outputs leakage current information of the storage device to an external device. When the storage device enters a hibernation mode such that the storage device reduces power consumption, the storage device operates in a selected operation mode from among a plurality of operation modes based on the leakage current information. The storage device stores as a backup first backup data and second backup data in the at least one volatile memory, stores as a backup the first backup data and the second backup data in the plurality of non-volatile memories, or outputs as a backup the second backup data to the external device, depending on the selected operation mode. Prior to the entering the hibernation mode, the first backup data is stored in the external device, and the second backup data isstored in the storage device. According to example embodiments, a storage system includes a host device including host memory, and a first storage device controlled by the host device. The first storage device includes a plurality of first non-volatile memories, at least one first volatile memory, and a first storage controller. The first storage controller controls operations of the plurality of first non-volatile memories and the at least one first volatile memory, and outputs first leakage current information on data retention of the first storage device to the host device. When the storage system enters a hibernation mode such that the storage system reduces power consumption, the host device selects one of a plurality of operation modes based on the first leakage current information and second leakage current information on data retention of the host device. The storage system stores as a backup both first backup data of the host device and second backup data of the first storage device in one of the host memory, the at least one first volatile memory and the plurality of first non-volatile memories, depending on the selected operation mode from among the plurality of operation modes. According to example embodiments, a storage system includes a host device including a first volatile memory, and a storage device including a non-volatile memory, a second volatile memory, and a storage controller connected to the non-volatile memory and the second volatile memory. The host device and the storage device communicate with each other such that the host device and the storage device share leakage current information on data retention of the host device and the storage device. When the storage system enters a hibernation mode such that the storage system reduces power consumption, the host device selects one of a plurality of operation modes based on the leakage current information. In a first operation mode among the plurality of operation modes, the first volatile memory stores as a backup first backup data of the host device and second backup data of the storage device, the first volatile memory in the host device operates in a low power mode to retain the first and secon