US-12620808-B2 - Power transmission networks

US12620808B2US 12620808 B2US12620808 B2US 12620808B2US-12620808-B2

Abstract

A multi-terminal power transmission network includes first and second DC terminals that are interconnected by a first transmission conduit to permit the transfer of power. The first DC terminal is connected with an interconnection conduit and is separately connected with a first power converter. The first power converter interconnects the first DC terminal with a first AC network element and includes a first converter controller. The second DC terminal is interconnected with a second AC network element by a second power converter which includes a second converter controller. The first power converter further includes a supplementary controller to selectively modify the first DC voltage reference that the first power converter is required to provide so as to drive the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit below a predetermined threshold and facilitate disconnection of the interconnection conduit from the first DC terminal via opening of the first interconnector switch.

Inventors

Amit Kumar
Andrzej Adamczyk

Assignees

GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20230719
Priority Date: 20220720

Claims (9)

1 . A multi-terminal power transmission network comprising: at least first and second DC terminals interconnected by a first transmission conduit to permit the transfer of power between the first and second DC terminals, the first DC terminal additionally being connected via a first interconnector switch with an interconnection conduit extending in-use to a further DC terminal and separately connected with a first power converter, the first power converter interconnecting the first DC terminal with a first AC network element and including a first converter controller programmed to control the transfer of power between the first AC network element and the first transmission and interconnection conduits by establishing at least a first DC voltage reference that the first power converter is required to provide, and the second DC terminal additionally being interconnected with a second AC network element by a second power converter including a second converter controller programmed to control the transfer of power between the first transmission conduit and the second AC network element, the first power converter further including a first supplementary controller programmed to selectively modify, as a function of a DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit, the first DC voltage reference that the first power converter is required to provide so as to drive the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit below a predetermined threshold and thereby facilitate disconnection of the interconnection conduit from the first DC terminal via opening of the first interconnector switch; further including third and fourth DC terminals interconnected by a second transmission conduit to permit the transfer of power between the third and fourth DC terminals; the third DC terminal additionally being connected via a second interconnector switch with the interconnection conduit, and separately connected with a third power converter, the third power converter interconnecting the third DC terminal with a third AC network element and including a third converter controller programmed to control the transfer of power between the third AC network element and the second transmission and interconnection conduits by establishing at least a third DC voltage reference that the third power converter is required to provide; and the fourth DC terminal additionally being interconnected with a fourth AC network element by a fourth power converter including a fourth converter controller programmed to control the transfer of power between the second transmission conduit and the fourth AC network element, the third power converter further including a second supplementary controller programmed to selectively modify the third DC voltage reference that the third power converter is required to provide in cooperation with any changes in the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit initiated by the first supplementary controller and thereby facilitate disconnection of the interconnection conduit from the third DC terminal via opening of the second interconnector switch.
2 . A multi-terminal power transmission network according to claim 1 , wherein the second converter controller is programmed to selectively operate the second power converter in a DC voltage control mode whereby, in response to a change in the first DC voltage reference the first power converter is required to provide and the resulting change in voltage across the first transmission conduit, the second converter controller modifies a DC current reference the second power converter is required to provide in order that the second power converter achieves a DC voltage reference that accommodates the change in voltage across the first transmission conduit.
3 . A multi-terminal power transmission network according to claim 1 , wherein the first supplementary controller is programmed to selectively modify the first DC voltage reference as a function of the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit by: measuring the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit; comparing a measured DC current with the predetermined threshold; determining a DC voltage offset which is a function of any difference between the measured DC current and the predetermined threshold; and applying the DC voltage offset to the first DC voltage reference established by the first converter controller to create a modified DC voltage reference that the first power converter is then required to provide.
4 . A multi-terminal power transmission network according to claim 1 , wherein the first supplementary controller is programmed to selectively modify the first DC voltage reference as a function of the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit within either of an open or closed control loop.
5 . A multi-terminal power transmission network according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined threshold for the DC current flowing through the interconnection conduit is the first interconnector switch current breaking capability.
6 . A multi-terminal power transmission network according to claim 1 , wherein the first power converter is or includes an offshore power converter and the first AC network element is or includes an offshore wind farm.
7 . A multi-terminal power transmission network according to claim 1 , wherein the second power converter is or includes a land-based power converter and the second AC network element is or includes an AC supply grid.
8 . A multi-terminal power transmission network according to claim 1 , wherein the fourth converter controller is programmed to selectively operate the fourth power converter in a DC voltage control mode whereby, in response to a change in the third DC voltage reference the third power converter is required to provide and the resulting change in voltage across the second transmission conduit, the fourth converter controller modifies the DC current reference the fourth power converter is required to provide in order that the fourth power converter achieves a DC voltage reference that accommodates the change in voltage across the second transmission conduit.
9 . A method of operating a multi-terminal power transmission network comprising: at least first and second DC terminals interconnected by a first transmission conduit to permit the transfer of power between the first and second DC terminals; the first DC terminal additionally being connected via a first interconnector switch with an interconnection conduit extending in-use to a further DC terminal and separately connected with a first power converter, the first power converter interconnecting the first DC terminal with a first AC network element and including a first converter controller programmed to control the transfer of power between the first AC network element and the first transmission and interconnection conduits (by establishing at least a first DC voltage reference that the first power converter is required to provide, and the second DC terminal additionally being interconnected with a second AC network element by a second power converter including a second converter controller programmed to control the transfer of power between the first transmission conduit and the second AC network element, the first power converter further including a first supplementary controller and the method of the invention comprising the step of having the first supplementary controller selectively modify, as a function of a DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit, the first DC voltage reference that the first power converter is required to provide so as to drive the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit below a predetermined threshold and thereby facilitate disconnection of the interconnection conduit from the first DC terminal via opening of the first interconnector switch; further including third and fourth DC terminals interconnected by a second transmission conduit to permit the transfer of power between the third and fourth DC terminals; the third DC terminal additionally being connected via a second interconnector switch with the interconnection conduit, and separately connected with a third power converter, the third power converter interconnecting the third DC terminal with a third AC network element and including a third converter controller programmed to control the transfer of power between the third AC network element and the second transmission and interconnection conduits by establishing at least a third DC voltage reference that the third power converter is required to provide; and the fourth DC terminal additionally being interconnected with a fourth AC network element by a fourth power converter including a fourth converter controller programmed to control the transfer of power between the second transmission conduit and the fourth AC network element, the third power converter further including a second supplementary controller programmed to selectively modify the third DC voltage reference that the third power converter is required to provide in cooperation with any changes in the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit initiated by the first supplementary controller and thereby facilitate disconnection of the interconnection conduit from the third DC terminal via opening of the second interconnector switch.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to a multiple-terminal power transmission network and to a method of operating such a network. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission networks AC power is typically converted to DC power for transmission via overhead lines, under-sea cables and/or underground cables. This conversion removes the need to compensate for the AC capacitive load effects imposed by the power transmission medium, i.e. the transmission line or cable, and reduces the cost per kilometre of the lines and/or cables, and thus becomes cost-effective when power needs to be transmitted over a long distance. The conversion between DC power and AC power is utilised where it is necessary to interconnect DC and AC networks. In any such power transmission network, converters (i.e. power converters) are required at each interface between AC and DC power to effect the required conversion from AC to DC or from DC to AC. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a multi-terminal power transmission network comprising at least first and second DC terminals interconnected by a first transmission conduit to permit the transfer of power between the first and second DC terminals, the first DC terminal additionally being connected via a first interconnector switch with an interconnection conduit extending in-use to a further DC terminal and separately connected with a first power converter, the first power converter interconnecting the first DC terminal with a first AC network element and including a first converter controller programmed to control the transfer of power between the first AC network element and the first transmission and interconnection conduits by establishing at least a first DC voltage reference that the first power converter is required to provide, andthe second DC terminal additionally being interconnected with a second AC network element by a second power converter including a second converter controller programmed to control the transfer of power between the first transmission conduit and the second AC network element,the first power converter further including a first supplementary controller programmed to selectively modify, as a function of the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit, the first DC voltage reference that the first power converter is required to provide so as to drive the said DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit below a predetermined threshold and thereby facilitate disconnection of the interconnection conduit from the first DC terminal via opening of the first interconnector switch. Such a first supplementary controller directly influences the first power converter based on only local information, i.e. the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit, and so can achieve high fidelity control of the DC current flowing in the interconnection conduit. As a consequence, the first supplementary controller is advantageously able to very reliably ensure that such a DC current does not exceed the predetermined threshold throughout the process of opening the first interconnector switch, and therefore desirably allows the use of regular interconnector switches without any significant (and therefore costly) current interruption capability. Additionally, the ultimate opening of the first interconnector switch to disconnect the interconnection conduit from the first DC terminal is able to take place without having to reduce or, worse still stop, the exchange of power between the first AC network element, first transmission conduit, and second AC network element. Moreover, having a first supplementary controller which only needs to modify the first DC voltage reference avoids the need to change the AC current reference of the first power converter, a step that may not always be possible, e.g. if the first power converter is operating in a voltage-frequency control mode, or desirable if the DC current output of the first power converter is to be maintained. Thus, the multi-terminal power transmission network of the invention is able to accommodate a wide range of differing power converter types and associated control methodologies, as well a differing connection topologies. Preferably the second converter controller is programmed to selectively operate the second power converter in a DC voltage control mode whereby, in response to a change in the DC voltage reference the first power converter is required to provide and the resulting change in voltage across the first transmission conduit, the second converter controller modifies the DC current reference the second power converter is required to provide in order that the second power converter achieves a DC voltage reference that accommodates the change in voltage across the first transmission conduit. Modifying the DC current reference which the second power converter is required to provide beneficially shifts the DC curre