US-12620826-B2 - Systems and methods for intelligent reactivation of battery cells of battery systems

US12620826B2US 12620826 B2US12620826 B2US 12620826B2US-12620826-B2

Abstract

Systems and methods are provided that may be implemented to automatically and intelligently re-activate battery cell/s of a battery system after the battery system has been subjected to relatively long term storage with the battery system inactive and unpowered by external power. The disclosed systems and methods may be so automatically implemented once external power is provided to the battery system and the battery system becomes active again. In one example, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented on a battery-powered information handling system using logic executing on a programmable integrated circuit of a battery system (e.g., battery management unit “BMU”) of the information handling system and/or at the system level (e.g., such as embedded controller “EC”) of the information handling system.

Inventors

Yan Ning
Jui Chin Fang
Wen-Yung Chang

Assignees

DELL PRODUCTS L.P.

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20230323

Claims (20)

1 . A method of operating a battery system having one or more battery cells, the method comprising: monitoring a status of the battery system to determine that the battery system has transitioned from being inactive to currently being active; determining current battery system storage characteristics, the determined current battery system storage characteristics comprising at least a duration of elapsed storage time that the battery was inactive prior to the battery system transitioning from inactive to active; then accessing predefined target charge rate information and determining a current target charge rate based on the determined current battery system storage characteristics and the predefined target charge rate information; and then charging the battery cells with a charging current that is equal to the current target charge rate.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing the following upon determining that the battery system has transitioned from inactive to active: accessing most recent previous battery system state information for the battery system that was determined at the time that the battery system most recently became inactive prior to the battery system transitioning from inactive to active, the most recent previous battery system state information comprising at least the date or date and time of day that the battery system most recently became inactive prior to the battery system transitioning from inactive to active; determining current battery system state information for the battery system at the time of the battery system transitioning from inactive to active, the determined current battery system state information comprising at least the date or date and time of day of the battery system transitioning from inactive to active; and determining the current battery system storage characteristics from the most recent previous battery system state information and the current battery system state information, where the duration of elapsed storage time that the battery was inactive comprises an elapsed time between the date or date and time of day that the battery system most recently became inactive and the date or date and time of day of the battery system transitioning from inactive to active.
3 . The method of claim 1 , where the determining a current target charge rate comprises determining the target charge rate value as a function of the predefined target charge rate information so that the determined target charge rate value decreases as a function of duration of elapsed storage time.
4 . The method of claim 2 , where the determined most recent previous battery system state information further comprises most recent previous battery cell state information; and where the determined current battery system state information further comprises current battery cell state information.
5 . The method of claim 4 , where the most recent previous battery cell state information comprises at least one of most recent previous total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells, most recent minimum individual battery cell voltage measured within the battery system, or most recent previous total direct current internal resistance (DCIR) of the combined battery cells; where the current battery cell state information comprises at least one of current total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells, current minimum individual battery cell voltage measured within the battery system, or current total direct current internal resistance (DCIR) of the combined battery cells; and where the determined current battery system storage characteristics further comprise at least one of change in total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells from the most recent previous battery system state information to the current battery system state information, the current total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells from the current battery system state information, the current minimum individual battery cell voltage measured within the battery system, or the incremental change in total direct current internal resistance (DCIR) of the combined battery cells from the most recent previous battery system state information to the current battery system state information.
6 . The method of claim 1 , where the current battery system storage characteristics comprise multiple different current battery system storage characteristics; and where the determining a current target charge rate comprises: first separately determining a different indicated target charge rate value based on each of the multiple different current battery system storage characteristics and the predefined target charge rate information; then comparing the different indicated target charge rate values against each other to determine which one of the different indicated target charge rate values is smallest among all of the different indicated target charge rate values; and then selecting the smallest indicated target charge rate value as the current target charge rate.
7 . The method of claim 6 , where the predefined target charge rate information defines each of a first indicated target charge rate that decreases in value as a function of increasing duration of elapsed storage time, a second indicated target charge rate that decreases in value as a function of increasing magnitude of change in total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells from the most recent previous battery system state information to the current battery system state information, a third indicated target charge rate that decreases in value as a function of decreasing magnitude of current total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells from the current battery system state information, and a fourth indicated charge rate that decreases in value as function of increasing magnitude of incremental change in total direct current internal resistance (DCIR) of the combined battery cells from the most recent previous battery system state information to the current battery system state information.
8 . The method of claim 1 , where the method further comprises initiating a reactivation charge mode cycle for the battery system as a result of determining a target charge rate value that is less than a predefined default charge rate; and fully charging the battery cells of the battery system with a charging current that is equal to the determined target charge rate value during the reactivation charge mode cycle.
9 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising responding to an interruption to the reactivation charge mode cycle prior to fully charging the battery cells of the battery system by then later resuming completion of the interrupted reactivation charge mode cycle to fully charge the battery cells of the battery system.
10 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising operating the battery system to provide power to power-consuming circuitry of an information handling system; and providing a notification to a human user of the information handling system upon initiating the reactivation charge mode cycle, the notification alerting the human user that the reactivation charge mode cycle has been initiated.
11 . A system, comprising a battery system having one or more battery cells; and at least one programmable integrated circuit programmed to: monitor a status of the battery system to determine that the battery system has transitioned from being inactive to currently being active; determine current battery system storage characteristics, the determined current battery system storage characteristics comprising at least a duration of elapsed storage time that the battery was inactive prior to the battery system transitioning from inactive to active; then access predefined target charge rate information and determine a current target charge rate based on the determined current battery system storage characteristics and the predefined target charge rate information; and then charge the battery cells with a charging current that is equal to the current target charge rate.
12 . The system of claim 11 , where the at least one programmable integrated circuit is further programmed to perform the following upon determining that the battery system has transitioned from inactive to active: access most recent previous battery system state information for the battery system that was determined at the time that the battery system most recently became inactive prior to the battery system transitioning from inactive to active, the most recent previous battery system state information comprising at least the date or date and time of day that the battery system most recently became inactive prior to the battery system transitioning from inactive to active; determine current battery system state information for the battery system at the time of the battery system transitioning from inactive to active, the determined current battery system state information comprising at least the date or date and time of day of the battery system transitioning from inactive to active; and determine the current battery system storage characteristics from the most recent previous battery system state information and the current battery system state information, where the duration of elapsed storage time that the battery was inactive comprises an elapsed time between the date or date and time of day that the battery system most recently became inactive and the date or date and time of day of the battery system transitioning from inactive to active.
13 . The system of claim 11 , where the at least one programmable integrated circuit is further programmed to determine the target charge rate value as a function of the predefined target charge rate information so that the determined target charge rate value decreases as a function of duration of elapsed storage time.
14 . The system of claim 12 , where the determined most recent previous battery system state information further comprises most recent previous battery cell state information; and where the determined current battery system state information further comprises current battery cell state information.
15 . The system of claim 14 , where the most recent previous battery cell state information comprises at least one of most recent previous total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells, most recent previous minimum individual battery cell voltage within the battery system, or most recent previous total direct current internal resistance (DCIR) of the combined battery cells; where the current battery cell state information comprises at least one of current total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells, current minimum individual battery cell voltage within the battery system, or current total direct current internal resistance (DCIR) of the combined battery cells; and where the determined current battery system storage characteristics further comprise at least one of change in total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells from the most recent previous battery system state information to the current battery system state information, the current total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells from the current battery system state information, the current minimum individual battery cell voltage within the battery system, or the incremental change in total direct current internal resistance (DCIR) of the combined battery cells from the most recent previous battery system state information to the current battery system state information.
16 . The system of claim 11 , where the current battery system storage characteristics comprise multiple different current battery system storage characteristics; and where the at least one programmable integrated circuit is further programmed to determine the current target charge rate by: first separately determining a different indicated target charge rate value based on each of the multiple different current battery system storage characteristics and the predefined target charge rate information; then comparing the different indicated target charge rate values against each other to determine which one of the different indicated target charge rate values is smallest among all of the different indicated target charge rate values; and then selecting the smallest indicated target charge rate value as the current target charge rate.
17 . The system of claim 16 , where the predefined target charge rate information defines each of a first indicated target charge rate that decreases in value as a function of increasing duration of elapsed storage time, a second indicated target charge rate that decreases in value as a function of increasing magnitude of change in total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells from the most recent previous battery system state information to the current battery system state information, a third indicated target charge rate that decreases in value as a function of decreasing magnitude of current total state of charge (SOC) of the combined battery cells from the current battery system state information, and a fourth indicated charge rate that decreases in value as function of increasing magnitude of incremental change in total direct current internal resistance (DCIR) of the combined battery cells from the most recent previous battery system state information to the current battery system state information.
18 . The system of claim 11 , where the at least one programmable integrated circuit is further programmed to initiate a reactivation charge mode cycle for the battery system as a result of determining a target charge rate value that is less than a predefined default charge rate; and fully charge the battery cells of the battery system with a charging current that is equal to the determined target charge rate value during the reactivation charge mode cycle.
19 . The system of claim 18 , where the at least one programmable integrated circuit is further programmed to respond to an interruption to the reactivation charge mode cycle prior to fully charging the battery cells of the battery system by then later resuming completion of the interrupted reactivation charge mode cycle to fully charge the battery cells of the battery system.
20 . The system of claim 18 , where the system comprises and information handling system having power-consuming circuitry coupled to receive power from the battery cells of the battery system; and where the at least one programmable integrated circuit is further programmed to provide a notification to a human user of the information handling system upon initiating the reactivation charge mode cycle, the notification alerting the human user that the reactivation charge mode cycle has been initiated.

Description

FIELD This application relates to battery systems and, more particularly, to reactivation of battery cells of battery systems. BACKGROUND As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option available to human users is information handling systems. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes thereby allowing human users to take advantage of the value of the information. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements vary between different human users or applications, information handling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific human user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems. In many cases, batteries may be subjected to a long storage time before they are used in a system or between system usages. For example, computer batteries may sit unused (without charging or discharging) for four months or longer before a first power-on and boot of the computer occurs. This may occur, for example, when a corporation purchases a batch of multiple computers, and stores these new computers for months before distributing them to their employees for first use. In another example, computers that are owned by a school district may sit unused and unpowered over the summer months. Long battery storage time has a detrimental impact to lithium ion battery reliability and long-term battery performance. During long-term battery storage, a failure mechanism occurs in which the battery solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) thickness increases, and electrode kinetics decreases, leading to lithium-plating formation after battery cycling. Thus, the detrimental effects of long term battery storage may not be easily observed over the short-term; but result in battery degradation that is significant in the later life of the battery. Consequences of battery degradation due to long-term storage adversely affect the battery performance, and increase warranty and service costs. A battery storage mode has been used to shut down a battery management unit (BMU) or battery gas gauge of a computer smart battery pack to reduce battery self-discharge during long term storage. However, even while in this battery storage mode, battery degradation still occurs to battery cells of the smart battery pack during long-term storage. It is known to implement a pre-charge function using a BMU of a computer smart battery pack. Using this pre-charge function, a small pre-charge current rate of 256 milliamps is applied for charging battery cells of the smart battery pack whenever the battery cells of the smart battery pack are in an under-voltage condition (typically less than 3 volts). Once the under-voltage battery cells of the smart battery pack are sufficiently charged by this pre-charge current so that they are no longer in the under-voltage condition (typically 3 volts or more), the charge current rate for charging the battery cells increases to a normal charge rate (typically 0.5 C). However, use of this pre-charge function does not improve battery cell characteristics and battery cell reliability that have degraded due to exposure of the battery cells to long term storage. SUMMARY Disclosed herein are systems and methods that may be implemented to automatically and intelligently re-activate battery cell/s (e.g., lithium ion battery cell/s) of a battery system after the battery system has been subjected to relatively long term storage with the battery system inactive and unpowered by external power, e.g., such as when an information handling system that includes the battery system is shut down and disconnected from external power. The disclosed systems and methods may be so automatically implemented once external power is provided to the battery system and the battery system becomes active again, e.g., such as when an information handling system that includes the unpowered battery system is plugged into an AC adapter for charging of the battery cell/s of the battery system. In one embodiment, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented on a battery-powered information handling system using logic executing on a prog