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US-12621211-B2 - Blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method for satellite network resources

US12621211B2US 12621211 B2US12621211 B2US 12621211B2US-12621211-B2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method for satellite network resources, which belongs to the field of mobile communication. The method includes: S 1 : constructing a multi-tenant business ecosystem for satellite network resource leasing; S 2 : constructing a blockchain-based leasing mechanism for satellite network resources, specifically: S 21 : constructing a dual leasing mechanism for satellite network resources; S 22 : constructing a blockchain-based resource leasing mechanism; S 23 : obtaining reputation value of a participant: first calculating reputation score of the participant, then combining transaction fees to ensure honesty of the participant, and finally using a sliding window to ensure that the selected leader is an honest participant who contributes consistently. The present invention combines reputation with a blockchain-based leasing mechanism to prevent intermediate entities from manipulating transaction results, which improves the transaction throughput of the system and reduces transaction latency.

Inventors

  • Chang SU
  • Jie Li
  • Xianzhong Xie

Assignees

  • CHONGQING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20221221
Priority Date
20220120

Claims (6)

  1. 1 . A blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method for satellite network resources, the method comprising: S 1 : constructing a multi-tenant business ecosystem for satellite network resource leasing, wherein satellite network operators and tenants obtain identity proofs, in the form of public key certificates, from trusted third parties; wherein a member service provider (MSP) is a trusted institution in Fabric; wherein a plurality of participants digitally sign a settle-in contract, implemented as a smart contract, which specifies rights and obligations of partners and sanctions that are applied in case of infringement; where in a plurality of resource demanders have the right to issue their resource demands, and satellite network resource providers have the right to issue a list of resources they can provide, both of which have right to issue proposal via a respective competition leader; wherein if the demands matching between two parties is successfully established, the partners are obliged to perform services as required by an agreed service level agreement (SLA); wherein a series of smart contracts are chaincodes that are deployed within the Fabric network; wherein before deploying the chaincodes to a channel, members of the channel agree on a chaincode definition for establishing chaincode governance; when a required number of organizations is satisfied, the chaincode definition is submitted to the channel and then the chaincodes are available; wherein an N-out-of-N endorsement policy is applied in the ecosystem, in which all nodes are required to provide endorsement; S 2 : constructing a blockchain-based leasing mechanism for satellite network resources, wherein the step S2 further comprises: S 21 : constructing a dual leasing mechanism for satellite network resources, wherein the step S21 further comprises: S 211 : defining key factors of the satellite network resource provider and the resource demander for virtual network function resources, including a resource type and a performance index; S 212 : grouping according to resource IDs and ranking bids and prices of all participants in each group; S 213 : for each group, determining a point C which represents a maximum feasible number of transaction under constraints of the number of transactions and performance indexes, while satisfying a Walrasian equilibrium and resource demander's requirements for key resource factors; S 214 : determining trader payment value β using prices of the strongest non- trading seller and the strongest non-trading buyer to obtain a trading price; S 215 : when identifying a plurality of list of buyers and sellers with successful trades, the competition leader matches resource allocation according to the buyer's reputation value; S 22 : constructing a blockchain-based resource leasing mechanism, wherein the step S 22 further comprises: S 221 : based on reputation value, selecting the competition leader from the participants with greater reputation value compared with the average reputation value; S 222 : wherein the competition leader initiates a transaction proposal containing a table of bids and a table of reputation values for lessors and renters, resource IDs, the number of available/demanded resources proposed by each participant and their corresponding performance indexes, and numbers of transactions running the dual leasing mechanism for satellite network resources within the participants; S 223 : wherein the transaction proposal is broadcasted to each blockchain member's peer which is a fundamental component of any Fabric network; the peerstores a blockchain ledgerand validates the transaction before committing it to the blockchain ledger; S 224 : wherein transactions are sent to an Order node for sorting, where consensus is reached, and a block is subsequently generated and committed to the blockchain ledger; S 23 : obtaining a reputation value of participant by first calculating a reputation score of the participant, then combining transaction fees to ensure that the participant is honest, and finally applying a sliding window to ensure that the selected competition leader is an honest participant who contributes consistently; wherein the reputation score r i of participant i in step S23 is calculated by the formula: r i = ∑ k = 1 l S ⁡ ( k ) * Z ⁡ ( k ) ; wherein I is the number of transactions generated after the previous block, Z (k) is the value of transaction k, and S (k) is the scaling factor.
  2. 2 . The blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method of claim 1 , wherein the step S 211 further comprises assigning resource IDs for different types of virtual network functions to identify: ={id 1 ,id 2 , . . . ,id u }; (1) for expected performance indexes on the demand side of the resource, use {tilde over (Q)} D to express: Q ˜ D = { Q 1 D , Q 2 D , … , Q j D , … , Q m D } ; ( 2 ) wherein Q j D = { q j D bit , q j D loss , q j D delay } denotes an expected performance of the resource required by a jth resource demander, and q j D bit , q j D loss ⁢ and ⁢ q j D delay respectively denote requirements of bit rate, packet loss rate, and transmission delay proposed by the j-th resource demander; id u denotes identification of a virtual network function by a participant in a transaction, u denotes the total number of the virtual network function types, and m denotes a total number of resource demanders.
  3. 3 . The blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method of claim 2 , wherein S 212 further comprises: for a set of the satellite network resource providers L: L = { l 1 , l 2 , … , l i , … , l n } : v 1 L ≤ v 2 L ≤ … ≤ v n L ; ( 3 ) for a set of the resource demanders D: D = { d 1 , d 2 , … , d j , … , d m } : v 1 D ≥ v 2 D ≥ … ≥ v m D ; ( 4 ) wherein L denotes the satellite network resource providers, D denotes the resource demanders, l i denotes a i-th satellite network resource provider, d j denotes the j-th resource demander, v n L denotes an offer price of a n-th satellite network resource provider, v m D denotes an offer price of a m-th resource demander, and n denotes the number of satellite network resource providers.
  4. 4 . The blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method of claim 3 , wherein the point C in the step S 213 further includes: S offers and K bids, wherein prices on both sides of the point C satisfy: v K D ≥ v S L ⁢ and ⁢ v K + 1 D ≤ v S + 1 L ; ( 5 ) and the number of transactions and the performance indexes respectively satisfy equation (6) and equation (7): ∑ j = 1 K ⁢ N j D ≤ ∑ i = 1 S ⁢ N i L ; ( 6 ) q min bit × N j D ≥ q i D bit ⁢ and ⁢ q min loss × N j D ≤ q i D loss ⁢ and ⁢ q min delay × N j D ≤ q i D delay ; ( 7 ) wherein q min bit , q min loss ⁢ and ⁢ q min delay respectively denote a minimum bit rate, packet loss rate, and transmission delay of each virtual network function resource provided by the satellite network resource provider, N i L denotes a number of resources successfully traded by an i-th satellite network resource provider, and N j D denotes a number of resources successfully traded by the j-th resource demander.
  5. 5 . The blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method of claim 4 , wherein the expression for the trader payment value β in S 214 is: β = 1 2 × ( v S + 1 L + v K + 1 D ) ⁢ ϵ [ v i L , v j D ] ; ( 8 ) wherein v S + 1 L denotes the strongest price of a non-traded seller, and v K + 1 D denotes the strongest price of a non-traded buyer; {circle around (1)} if β belongs to [ v S L , v K D ] , the number of transactions is ( ∑ 1 i = S N i L , ∑ 1 j = K N j D ) , and the transaction price P L =P D =β, wherein P L and P D respectively denote final transaction prices agreed upon by the satellite network resource provider and the resource demander; {circle around (2)} if β does not belong to [ v S L , v K D ] , the number of transactions is ( ∑ 1 i = S N i L , ∑ 1 j = K N j D ) , and the transaction price are P L = v S L , P D = v K D .
  6. 6 . The blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method of claim 1 , wherein the step S 221 further comprises selecting a leader using the leader algorithm, wherein a sliding window is applied to compute a cumulative reputation score.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention includes techniques for mobile communication and particularly relates to a blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method for satellite network resources. BACKGROUND With the increasing applications of SDN/NFV technology in satellite network architecture, the emergence of new business models facilitates satellite operators to share satellite network capacity with various tenants in a flexible manner. In such a multi-participant, non-fully trusted environment, how to achieve secure and reliable transactions while meeting economic benefits is a critical issue. Several schemes have been proposed in many literatures to implement multi-participant scheduling and management of network resources. Typical business processes in the communications industry include economic models (e.g., auctions) aimed at solving resource management problems using pricing and allocation mechanisms. The main goal of these mechanisms, including slicing (resource) brokerage, is to efficiently allocate available resources to parties with the most critical needs while ensuring the tamper-proof capability of the scheme. Scheme I: 5G network slicing broker: a blockchain-based distributed marketplace. Kibalya et al. propose an agent system that uses reinforcement learning algorithms to assign resource requests to different network operators based on constraints such as latency and geographic location. Scheme II is a distributed blockchain-based agent for efficient resource allocation in 5G networks. In the paper “Distributed Blockchain-Based Agents for Efficient Resource Allocation in 5G Networks”, the authors propose the use of a stream-level slicing agent with iterative double auctions that consider transaction costs. In their software-defined network (SDN)-based architecture, the SDN controller acts as a broker and schedules two-sided auctions. The effectiveness and eventual convergence of their proposed iterative auction algorithm is demonstrated through simulations. In the paper “In Our Trusted Brokers: A Double Auction Approach for Resource Allocation in NFV Markets”, a double auction algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of service function link routing and network function virtualization (NFV) price adjustment. The NFV broker acts as a central auctioneer who receives bids and offers from customers/suppliers and then determines the allocation and pricing of resources. However, there are two main drawbacks to these approaches. First, the increasing number of operators and/or tenants in Scheme I may overwhelm the brokers as they are centralized. This would reduce the performance of the entire ecosystem. Second, in Scheme II, the common assumption is that there is an impartial central authority that can be trusted to operate the market and execute business processes without manipulating the results for its own or another party's benefit. To solve the above problems, the present invention combines blockchain technology with smart contracts to provide a distributed alternative to the traditional centralized slicing brokerage method. INVENTION CONTENT In view of this, the present invention is to provide a blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method for satellite network resources that combines reputation with a blockchain-based leasing mechanism to prevent intermediate entities from manipulating transaction results and to improve the transaction throughput of the system to reduce transaction latency. To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method for satellite network resources, in which there are two actors: the resource owner and the resource demander, which together form a coalition. In this invention, the resources are seen as commodities circulating on the coalition, and the use of blockchain technology achieves a safe and secure transaction while satisfying economic benefits in a non-fully trusted environment, as well as a tamper-proof record-keeping system. The method specifically includes the following steps: S1: constructing a multi-tenant business ecosystem for satellite network resource leasing;S2: constructing a blockchain-based leasing mechanism for satellite network resources, specifically:S21: constructing a dual leasing mechanism for satellite network resources;S22: constructing a blockchain-based resource leasing mechanism;S23: obtaining reputation value of participant: first calculating reputation score of the participant, then combining transaction fees to ensure honesty of the participant, and finally using a sliding window to ensure that the selected leader is an honest participant who contributes consistently. Further, in S1, constructing the multi-tenant business ecosystem for satellite network resource leasing specifically includes: satellite network operators and tenants obtain identity proofs, i.e., public key certificates, from trusted third p