US-12622367-B2 - Cultivation method for Morchella on patterned layer frames

US12622367B2US 12622367 B2US12622367 B2US 12622367B2US-12622367-B2

Abstract

A cultivation method for Morchella on patterned layer frames is provided. The method includes: (1) preparing and laying a culture substrate, and sowing; (2) supplementing an exogenous nutrient material; (3) mycelium culture; (4) primordium induction; (5) primordium differentiation; (6) management of a young mushroom period; (7) maturity management; and (8) erchao mushroom management. The method adopts a low temperature of (5-9° C.) to promote a transformation of an exogenous nutrition and adopts a low temperature of (2-4° C.) to induce a differentiation of primordium and other measures, to address a bottleneck of industrial development that cannot continuously supply fresh Morchella to the market, which is caused by some problems in the cultivation of Morchella , such as an unstable yield and seasonal limitation in the existing cultivation of Morchella . The method can carry out industrial facility cultivation for Morchella , and can obtain Morchella with stable yield and good quality.

Inventors

Ali YANG
Wenyue DU
Yongjun Hu
Yingtao Jiang
Zhiye Wang

Assignees

INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, GANSU ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20241230
Priority Date: 20240316

Claims (10)

1 . A cultivation method for Morchella on patterned layer frames, comprising the following steps: (1) preparing and laying a culture substrate, and sowing; (2) supplementing an exogenous nutrient material, and controlling a temperature of the culture substrate at (5-9° C.), to perform a transformation of the exogenous nutrition material; (3) controlling the temperature of the culture substrate at (5-9° C.), to perform a mycelium culture; (4) controlling the temperature of the culture substrate at (2-4° C.) after a mycelium matures, to perform a primordium induction; (5) inducing a primordium differentiation, wherein the temperature of the culture substrate during the primordium differentiation is (5-9° C.); (6) managing a young mushroom, wherein the temperature of the culture substrate at a young mushroom period is (9-12° C.); (7) managing mature mushrooms, wherein the temperature of the culture substrate in a mature period is (12-16° C.); and (8) performing a second flush mushroom management; wherein the culture substrate is made of a first raw material comprising the following components in weight percentages: 34-55% of mountain raw soil, 40-60% of grass carbon, 1-3% of caustic lime, 2-4% of gypsum, and 0.05-0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; and wherein a time of the primordium induction is (3-7) days.
2 . The cultivation method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of preparing and laying the culture substrate further comprises: mixing each component of the first raw material, adjusting a water content of the first raw material to 20-30% using an aqueous solution containing 2% formaldehyde, and sealing for more than 5 days; and wherein a thickness of the culture substrate is (20-30) cm.
3 . The cultivation method according to claim 2 , wherein the step of sowing further comprises: evenly spreading Morchella strain blocks with a size of (1-1.5) cm on a bed surface of (0.4-0.6) kg per square meter, covering the culture substrate with a thickness of (1-2) cm, setting an ambient temperature to (10-15° C.), an air humidity of the culture substrate to (70-80) %, and a concentration of carbon dioxide to (500-800) ppm, and culturing in a no light condition.
4 . The cultivation method according to claim 3 , wherein the exogenous nutrient material is made from a second raw material comprising the following components in weight percentages: 55-65% of wheat, 30-40% of corn core, 1-2% of the caustic lime, 1-2% of the gypsum, and 0.5-2% of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate; wherein a supplement time of the exogenous nutrient material is (2-4) days after the sowing step, and a supplement amount of the exogenous nutrient material is (4-8) kg per square meter; and wherein during the transformation of the exogenous nutrition, a water content of the culture substrate is (20-25) %, wherein a concentration of the carbon dioxide is (500-800) ppm, and an air humidity of the culture substrate is (70-80) %; and wherein the transformation is performed without light for (5-7) days.
5 . The cultivation method according to claim 4 , wherein in the step of performing the mycelium culture, a water content of the culture substrate is controlled to (20-25) %, an air humidity of the culture substrate is controlled to (70-80) %, and a concentration of the carbon dioxide is controlled to (800-1500) ppm, and wherein the mycelium culture is performed without light for (45-60) days.
6 . The cultivation method according to claim 5 , wherein during the primordium induction step, a water content and an air humidity of the culture substrate are consistent with the water content and the air humidity of the culture substrate during the mycelium culture step; wherein, after the primordium induction step, the exogenous nutrient material is removed, and a concentration of the carbon dioxide is reduced to 500 ppm by a ventilation; and wherein during a ventilation period, a water content of the culture substrate is (25-30) %, a temperature of the culture substrate is (5-9° C.), an air humidity of the culture substrate is (70-80) %, a light intensity is (400-600) lx, a light source is a red light, and wherein the primordium induction is performed under alternating cycles of light (8-12) h and dark (4-6) h.
7 . The cultivation method according to claim 6 , wherein during the primordium differentiation, a water content of the culture substrate is controlled to (25-28) %, an air humidity of the culture substrate is controlled to (90-95) %, a concentration of the carbon dioxide is controlled below 800 ppm, a light intensity is controlled to (400-600) lx, and a light source is controlled to be the red light, and wherein the primordium differentiation is performed under alternating cycles of light (8-12) h and dark (4-6) h until a primordium differentiates and develops to more than 1.5 cm.
8 . The cultivation method according to claim 7 , wherein during the step of managing the young mushroom, a water content of the culture substrate is controlled to (25-28) %, an air humidity of the culture substrate is controlled to (80-90) %, a concentration of the carbon dioxide is controlled below 800 ppm, a light intensity is controlled to (400-600) lx, and a light source is controlled to be the red light, and wherein the managing the young mushroom is performed under alternating cycles of light (8-12) h and dark (4-6) h until the primordium differentiates and develops to more than 3 cm.
9 . The cultivation method according to claim 8 , wherein during the step of managing mature mushrooms, a water content of the culture substrate is controlled to (20-25) %, an air humidity of the culture substrate is controlled to (70-85) %, a concentration of the carbon dioxide is controlled below 800 ppm, a light intensity is controlled to (400-600) lx, and a light source is controlled to be the red light, and wherein the managing mature mushrooms is performed under alternating cycles of light (8-12) h and dark (4-6) h until ascocarps of the Morchella reach more than 7 cm for a harvesting.
10 . The cultivation method according to claim 9 , wherein the step of performing the second flush mushroom management comprises the steps of: after completing all the harvesting, digging out residual stipes in a soil, clearing dead mushrooms, adjusting a water content of the culture substrate to (25-28) % using a (0.05-0.2) % caustic lime water, and repeating the steps (5)-(7).

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is based upon and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410302879.9, filed on Mar. 16, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the technical field of Morchella cultivation, and in particular, to a cultivation method for Morchella on patterned layer frames. BACKGROUND Morchella is a rare and precious edible and medicinal fungus in the world. It is favored by high-end consumer markets at home and abroad because of its unique flavor, rich nutrition and important health care. In recent years, through the unremitting efforts of many scientific researchers, the artificial cultivation technology of Morchella has been broken through and popularized in many places in China for application. The existing patent document with the publication number of CN113439609A (publication date: 2021 Sep. 28) disclosed an industrial cultivation method for Morchella esculenta and cultivation device thereof, wherein the patent adopted methods such as land pretreatment, mycelium and conidium culture, and used special inhibitors of primordia and buds; the existing patent document with the publication number CN114303791A (publication date: 2022 Apr. 12) disclosed an industrial cultivation method of Morchella without nutrition bags, and adopted means of controlling light and filling the culture substrate with the cultivation basket; the existing patent document with the publication number of CN110122170A (publication date: 2021 Aug. 16) disclosed a method of basket-style industrial cultivation of Morchella, including a step of preparing nutrient bags, a step of selecting and treating cultivation substrates, a step of preparing cultivation baskets, a step of sowing and covering soil, a step of mycelium culture management, and a step of fruiting management. In the above prior art, the yield of Morchella is not enough to meet the market demand, and the production cost is higher, meanwhile, it has problems such as a low fruiting rate, unstable fruiting effects and poor quality. Therefore, it is urgent for those skilled in the art to propose a facility cultivation method for Morchella with a high fruiting rate, stable fruiting effects and good quality. SUMMARY A purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a cultivation method for Morchella on patterned layer frames. The present disclosure adopts a low temperature of (5-9° C.) to promote a transformation of an exogenous nutrition and adopts a low temperature of (2-4° C.) to induce a differentiation of primordium and other measures, to address a bottleneck of industrial development that cannot continuously supply fresh Morchella to the market, which is caused by some problems in the cultivation of Morchella, such as an unstable yield and seasonal limitation in the existing cultivation of Morchella. According to the method of the present disclosure, industrial facility cultivation for Morchella can obtain Morchella with a stable yield and excellent quality. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions. The present disclosure provides a cultivation method for Morchella on patterned layer frames, including the following steps: (1) preparing and laying a culture substrate, and sowing;(2) supplementing an exogenous nutrient material, and controlling a temperature of the culture substrate at (5-9° C.), to perform transformation of exogenous nutrition;(3) controlling a temperature of the culture substrate at (5-9° C.), to perform mycelium culture;(4) controlling a temperature of the culture substrate at (2-4)° C. after the mycelium matures, to perform primordium induction;(5) primordium differentiation; and a temperature of the culture substrate during primordium differentiation is (5-9° C.);(6) management of a young mushroom period; and a temperature of the culture substrate at the young mushroom period is (9-12° C.);(7) maturity management: a temperature of the culture substrate is (12-16)° C. in the mature period; and(8) second flush mushroom management. Preferably, the culture substrate is made of raw materials including the following weight percentages: 34-55% mountain raw soil, 40-60% grass carbon, 1-3% caustic lime, 2-4% gypsum, 0.05-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; a preparation method of the culture substrate includes: mixing each raw material, adjusting a water content to 20-30% using an aqueous solution containing 2% formaldehyde, and sealing for more than 5 days; anda laying thickness of the culture substrate is (20-30) cm. Preferably, a method of the sowing includes: evenly spreading Morchella strain blocks with a size of (1-1.5) cm on a bed surface according to (0.4-0.6) kg per square meter, covering the culture substrate with a thickness of (1-2) cm, setting an ambient temperature to (10-15° C.), air humidity to (70-80) %, and a concentration of carbon dioxide to (5